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sources/news/20150521 Microsoft Open-Sources The Windows Communication Foundation.md Normal file
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Microsoft Open-Sources The Windows Communication Foundation
================================================================================
Microsoft has today announced they've open-sourced the important WCF (Windows Communication Foundation) code that now targets .NET Core.
As described by [MSDN][1], "Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) is a framework for building service-oriented applications. Using WCF, you can send data as asynchronous messages from one service endpoint to another. A service endpoint can be part of a continuously available service hosted by IIS, or it can be a service hosted in an application. An endpoint can be a client of a service that requests data from a service endpoint. The messages can be as simple as a single character or word sent as XML, or as complex as a stream of binary data."
The [code on GitHub][2], "contains a subset of the full Windows Communication Foundation product available on the Windows desktop, and it supports the library profiles already available for building WCF apps for the Windows Store. These profiles are primarily client-based, making them suited for mobile devices or on mid-tier servers to communicate with existing WCF services."
More details on Microsoft opening up the Windows Communication Foundation can be found via the announcement posted this morning to the [dotNETFoundation.org blog][3].
Windows Communication Foundation sounds a bit like D-Bus on Linux for inter-process communication between programs/services.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Microsoft-Open-Source-WCF
作者：[Michael Larabel][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://www.michaellarabel.com/
[1]:https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms731082%28v=vs.110%29.aspx
[2]:https://github.com/dotnet/wcf
[3]:http://www.dotnetfoundation.org/blog/wcf-is-open-source

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sources/talk/20150521 Will Ubuntu Linux Hit 200 Million Users This Year.md Normal file
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Will Ubuntu Linux Hit 200 Million Users This Year?
================================================================================
It's been four years and two weeks since Mark Shuttleworth expressed his goal of "200 million users of Ubuntu in 4 years." While Ubuntu's presence has continued to increase over the past four years, it doesn't look like that goal has been realized yet or will be by the end of the calendar year.
It was back at [UDS Budapest][1] in May of 2011 when Shuttleworth expressed a goal of 200 million Ubuntu users in four years.
![](http://www.phoronix.net/image.php?id=uds_budapest&image=budapest_phoronix_03_show&w=1920)
Last I heard there was "tens of millions" of Ubuntu Linux users, but haven't seen any reliable reports anywhere of the Ubuntu user-base being close to 200 million. The latest monthly statistics from Valve show [the Linux gaming population being below 1%][2] compared to Windows and OS X. Most usage statistics based on web metrics and other data tend to put the total Linux user-base at just a few percent.
Aside from desktop installations, Ubuntu at least has made substantial inroads with cloud and server deployments over the past four years and have proven to be a contender with Red Hat Enterprise Linux on such fronts. Ubuntu has also proven itself quite well on ARM hardware. When Mark was coming up with his goal in four years, he was probably thinking that Ubuntu Phone/Touch would be much further along than where it is now: just having one device available in the EU and [a second currently in China][3] and [the Ubuntu Touch software stack still maturing][4] with [major work on key apps still needed][5], etc.
![](http://www.phoronix.net/image.php?id=0x2015&image=shuttleworth_200_million_show&w=1920)
It's also been three years since the Canonical claim of [Ubuntu would soon ship on 5% of PCs][6]. The 5% claim was for worldwide PC shipments, but even three years later, I have a hard time believing that... At least in the US and Europe I still very rarely see Ubuntu preloads on systems within brick and mortar stores while the major Internet retailers / OEMs still tend to offer Linux on a few select PC models, sans Chrome OS / Android devices.
Another lofty, unrelated goal that went unreached by the open-source community was [GNOME owning 10% of the global desktop market by 2010][7]. Five years later, there's no indication they're even close to reaching that 10x10 milestone.
How large do you think the Ubuntu user-base is today? How large do you think the Ubuntu (or Linux) user-base will grow in the years to come? Share with us your thoughts by commenting on this article.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=2015-200-Million-Goal-Retro
作者：[Michael Larabel][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://www.michaellarabel.com/
[1]:http://www.phoronix.com/vr.php?view=16002
[2]:http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Steam-April-2015-1-Drop
[3]:http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Ubuntu-MX4-In-China
[4]:http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Ubuntu-Calculator-Reboot
[5]:http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTgzOTM
[6]:http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTA5ODM
[7]:https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Nzg1Mw

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sources/tech/20150521 Linux FAQs with Answers--How to change system proxy settings from the command line on Ubuntu desktop.md Normal file
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Linux FAQs with Answers--How to change system proxy settings from the command line on Ubuntu desktop
================================================================================
> **Question**: I often need to change system proxy settings on Ubuntu desktop, but I do not want to go through a chain of GUI menus: "System Settings" -> "Network" -> "Network proxy", which is cumbersome. Is there a more convenient way to change desktop's proxy settings from the command line?
In Ubuntu desktop, its desktop environment settings, including system proxy settings, are stored in DConf database, which is a simple key/value store. If you modify any desktop properties using System Settings menu, the changes are persisted in the DConf database backend. There are GUI-based or non-GUI-based ways to modify DConf database on Ubuntu. While System Settings or dconf-editor are graphical methods for accessing DConf database, gsettings or dconf are command-line tools that can modify the database.
Here is how to change system proxy settings from the command line using gsettings.
![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5460/17872782271_68e5267a4a_c.jpg)
The basic usage of gsettings for reading and writing a particular Dconf setting is as follows.
To modify a DConf setting:
$ gsettings set <schema> <key> <value>
To read a DConf setting:
$ gsettings get <schema> <key>
### Change System Proxy Setting to Manual from the Command Line ###
The following commands will change HTTP proxy setting to "my.proxy.com:8000" on Ubuntu desktop.
$ gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.http host 'my.proxy.com'
$ gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.http port 8000
$ gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy mode 'manual'
If you want to change HTTPS/FTP proxy to manual as well, use these commands:
$ gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.https host 'my.proxy.com'
$ gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.https port 8000
$ gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.ftp host 'my.proxy.com'
$ gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.ftp port 8000
To change Socks host settings to manual:
$ gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.socks host 'my.proxy.com'
$ gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.socks port 8000
All these changes above are limited to the current Desktop user only. If you want to apply the proxy setting changes system-wide, prepend sudo to gsettings command. For example:
$ sudo gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.http host 'my.proxy.com'
$ sudo gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.http port 8000
$ sudo gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy mode 'manual'
### Change System Proxy Setting to Automatic from the Command Line ###
If you are using [proxy auto configuration][1] (PAC), type the following commands to switch to PAC.
$ gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy mode 'auto'
$ gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy autoconfig-url http://my.proxy.com/autoproxy.pac
### Clear System Proxy Setting from the Command Line ###
Finally, to remove manual/automatic proxy setting, and revert to no-proxy setting:
$ gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy mode 'none'
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/change-system-proxy-settings-command-line-ubuntu-desktop.html
作者：[Dan Nanni][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/author/nanni
[1]:http://xmodulo.com/how-to-set-up-proxy-auto-config-on-ubuntu-desktop.html

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sources/tech/20150521 Linux FAQs with Answers--How to install Unity Tweak Tool on Ubuntu desktop.md Normal file
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Linux FAQs with Answers--How to install Unity Tweak Tool on Ubuntu desktop
================================================================================
> **Question**: I am trying to customize fresh Ubuntu desktop that I just installed. For that, I want to use Unity Tweak Tool. How can I install Unity Tweak Tool on Ubuntu?
[Unity Tweak Tool][1] is a popular Unity desktop customization tool. As the name implies, this tool is applicable to Ubuntu's default desktop environment only (i.e., Unity-based GNOME desktop). This versatile tool allows you to customize a wide variety of Unity desktop features and configurations via extremely intuitive and easy-to-use GUI. Its menu looks similar to Ubuntu's official System Settings, but its desktop customization capabilities far exceed those of the default System Settings. Using Unity Tweak Tool, you can customize appearance, behaviors and configurations for a plethora of desktop components, such as workspace, windows, icons, themes, cursors, fonts, scrolling, hot corners, etc. If you are a Unity desktop user, Unity Tweak Tool is definitely a must-have app.
![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5463/17684020389_25dc7f0db2_b.jpg)
While Unity Tweak Tool is an essential tool for Ubuntu desktop, it does not come pre-installed on stock Ubuntu desktop. For those of you to customize Unity desktop, here is how to install Unity Tweak Tool on Ubuntu desktop.
### Install Unity Tweak Tool on Ubuntu 13.04 and higher ###
Starting with Ubuntu 13.04, Unity Tweak Tool is available in the Ubuntu's base repositories. So its installation is as straightforward as:
$ sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool
To launch Unity Tweak Tool:
$ unity-tweak-tool
If you want to try the latest version of Unity Tweak Tool, you can install it from its daily PPA (as describe below).
### Install Unity Tweak Tool on Ubuntu 12.10 ###
Note that Unity Tweak Tool works on Ubuntu 12.10 and higher. If you want to install it on Ubuntu 12.10, you can use its PPA repository as follows. This PPA repository is also useful when you want to test the latest developments of the tool.
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:freyja-dev/unity-tweak-tool-daily
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/install-unity-tweak-tool-ubuntu-desktop.html
作者：[Dan Nanni][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/author/nanni
[1]:https://launchpad.net/unity-tweak-tool