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[scusjs占坑]Daily Ubuntu Tips – How To Install Google Chrome Browser
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================================================================================
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For new users who are just starting out with Ubuntu and want to install Google Chrome browser, here’s the quickest way to do it. There are many ways to install Google Chrome in Ubuntu. Some prefer going directly to [Google Chrome download page][1] and getting the **deb** installer.
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Others prefer to install it via PPA from the Chromium build. I prefer downloading it via the command line using **wget** command and installing it. The command line method is the quickest and this is what this post is about to show you.
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As you may already know, Google Chrome has gone from nothing to one of the most popular web browsers. In fact, it’s my favorite web browser. I started with Internet Explorer, then moved to Firefox and I’ve finally switched to Google Chrome.
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I am not telling you to switch, but if you want Chrome in Ubuntu, then go and get it.
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To get started with Chrome, you have few options. First you can use Firefox and go to [Chrome download page][1] and download a copy there. If you’re not comfortable with using the command line, you may want to use this method.
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For users who are comfortable using the command line console, use the commands below to download Google Chrome.
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cd /tmp
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For the **32-bit** version of Google Chrome, use the link below.
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wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_i386.deb
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The 64-bit version can be downloaded using this link.
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wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
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After downloading it, run the commands below to install it.
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sudo dpkg -i google-chrome*; sudo apt-get -f install
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That’s it! After installing, go to Unity Dash and search for Chrome and launch it.
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Enjoy!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2013/10/daily-ubuntu-tips-install-google-chrome-browser/
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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[1]:https://www.google.com/intl/en/chrome/browser/#eula
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@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
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Linchenguang翻译中
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Linchenguang翻译中
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<<<<<<< HEAD
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=======
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>>>>>>> edbf7c720ed93c3ddb37e07c96fe0d522724535b
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Daily Ubuntu Tips–Knowing About The Root Account
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Daily Ubuntu Tips–Knowing About The Root Account
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================================================================================
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================================================================================
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For new users who just starting with Ubuntu and wanting to know about the root account, here’s a brief post that gives you a little insight about the root account and how / why to use it. You see, every Ubuntu edition comes with a root account.
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For new users who just starting with Ubuntu and wanting to know about the root account, here’s a brief post that gives you a little insight about the root account and how / why to use it. You see, every Ubuntu edition comes with a root account.
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@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
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(翻译中)GNOME Control Center 3.10.1 Released with Multiple Improvements
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================================================================================
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**GNOME Control Center, GNOME's main interface for configuration of various aspects of your desktop, is now at version 3.10.1.**
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The Gnome Control Center allows users to configure different parts of their system using a vast collection of tools.
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**Highlights of GNOME Control Center 3.10.1:**
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- Several memory leaks have been corrected;
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- A consistent set of permissions are now used when creating directories;
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- The mouse speed is no longer reset;
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- Screen sharing is now approved without the remote control enabled;
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- Duplicate folders are no longer being selected for media sharing;
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- When enabling DLNA, also make sure to enable the MediaExport plugin;
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- The buttons in the “headerbar” have been aligned.
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A complete list of changes, updates, and bug fixes can be found in the official [changelog][1].
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- Download [GNOME Control Center 3.10.1 tar.xz][2][sources] [6.50 MB]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/GNOME-Control-Center-3-10-1-Released-with-Multiple-Improvements-391831.shtml
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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[1]:http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/GNOME/sources/gnome-control-center/3.10/gnome-control-center-3.10.1.news
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[2]:http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/GNOME/sources/gnome-control-center/3.10/gnome-control-center-3.10.1.tar.xz
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@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
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[翻译中 by chenjintao]
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How This 75 Year-Old Piece of Paper Started Modern Computing
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=====
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On Oct. 22, 1938, a patent attorney named Chester Carlson and an underemployed Austrian physicist named Otto Kornei spent one Saturday morning creating the world's first dry copy in an apartment in Astoria, Queens, eventually ushering in the modern era of computing. Then the two grabbed a modest lunch.
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In the intervening 75 years, the copier industry would become a mainstay of Corporate America. Even in our current age of tablets and PDFs, businesses bought 19 million "multifunction printers" last year for a total of $30.9 billion, according to Gartner. You may not recall the last time that you made a copy, but IDC analyst Angèle Boyd says the world printed 3 trillion pieces of paper last year — 1 trillion of which came from the U.S. It's also not unusual for employees at some businesses to print as many as 300 to 400 copies a month. While printing remains a surprisingly robust business, though, the real revolution Carlson started went way beyond his analog invention.
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The electrophotographic print Carlson made would prompt the invention of the copier, which made offices more productive and made the replicable document a fixture of business communication. As Ken Weilerstein, VP of research, imaging and print services at Gartner notes, most white collar workers' days consist of reading and creating documents of one form or another. The web was originally based on hypertext, a method of linking documents on a computer, that Tim Burners-Lee joined to the Internet in 1991.
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"What the copier did is it changed the way people handled documents," he says, "which is a big piece of what people in offices do."
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###The Rise of Xerox
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Xerox is the best known copier company and the one still synonymous with the industry for many. Like Google, Xerox's name has been made into a lower-case verb as in "I need this xeroxed." In tech circles, Xerox is also infamous for developing the graphic user interface and the mouse in its Palo Alto Research Center in the 1970s. Steve Jobs would famously visit PARC and appropriate many of the ideas for what became the Macintosh computer. Relatedly, Carlson's invention was adapted to create the laser printer as well.
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No one ever formed a company called Xerox, though. Instead, Carlson's invention would transform a company called Haloid that would eventually rename itself.
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As the story goes, Carlson, a serial inventor and patent attorney, got tired of copying legal documents manually. He concluded that there must be a way to make copies without relying on carbon paper or the traditional, messy, slow and expensive photographic process of using wet, sensitized paper and water. Ray Brewer, Xerox's historical archives manager, says Carlson's solution — which involved zinc plates and powder — was simple and fairly easy to replicate.
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(As Weilerstein, explains it, the process works like this: A page is exposed to a light source, which sweeps across the page, illuminating the original paper document. The reflection is projected through a set of lenses to an electrophotograhic drum, which is coated with light-sensitive material. The drum's exposure to light changes its electrostatic charge, leaving an image of the page on the drum as an electrostatic charge. The drum then rotates and the charged areas of the page attract the toner particles, effectively painting the image on the drum with toner. The drum then transfers the toner onto a sheet of paper, which is heated and pressed at a temperature similar to that of an iron. Finally, the drum rotates and excess toner is scraped off and the process is repeated for the next page.)
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Perhaps it was too easy. Though Carlson was in a celebratory mood after his breakthrough, Kornei didn't see the appeal. When Kornei's contract ran out, he broke ties with Carlson. "He couldn't see what the purpose of it was," Brewer says. Kornei would remain a lifelong skeptic. **Later on, when Carlson gave Kornei 100 shares in Xerox, Kornei quickly sold them, missing out on a payday of more than $1 million.**
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For years, Carlson peddled his invention to dozens of companies, including IBM and Eastman Kodak, but no one else saw the appeal, either. Brewer says the problem was that Carlson was a techie, not a salesman. "The way Chester was presenting the idea and demos were very dry and technical," Brewer says. It didn't help that Carlson was making his pitch to marketing executives. However even engineers were often befuddled by Carlson's presentations.
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Carlson's big break came in 1946, when John Dessauer, chief of research at the Haloid Co. in Rochester, N.Y., read an article about Carlson's invention. Haloid, which made photographic paper, but by then "the photographic realm of things had pretty much run its course," Brewer says. In 1948, Haloid looked for a catchier way to promote Carlson's invention, which was known as "electrophotography." The company's pr department settled on "xerography," a portmanteau of the Greek "xeros" ("dry") and "graphos" ('writing.")
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Over the course of the 1950s and 1960s, the Xerox copier became a staple of office life. The innovation saved time and money. Previously, the only way to make copies was to use a photostat machine, which was messy and expensive or worse, carbon paper, which could only make at best two copies at a time. If you wanted more than that then someone had to type out another version "and the secretary or administrator had to hope that everything was exactly the same," Brewer says. There were other benefits as well. Way before email and instant messaging, the office copier provided the first opportunity for office-wide communication in written form. The Xerox gave birth to the memo, the office newsletter and holiday cards.
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The 914 was Xerox's most successful model. Between 1960 and the early 1970s, the company sold more than 200,000 units, prompting Fortune to dub it "the most-successful product ever marketed in America." Xerox became known as "the stock you wish you'd bought," Weilerstein says.
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Here's an ad from circa 1960: http://www.youtube.com/embed/kNGdqC7QJYI
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###The Modern Computing Era
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This Mad Men era would come to a close in the 1980s as PCs began replacing typewriters. Carlson's invention would also be used to create the laser printer, which obviated single-function copiers. As a result, no one in the industry calls Xerox's machines copiers anymore. Instead, they are known as "multifunction printers."
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That wasn't the only threat to Xerox's business. By the 1970s, Japanese competitors were offering their own cheaper version of Xerox's copiers. Xerox lost its effective monopoly, but managed to stay on the cutting edge of technology, Weilerstein says, by developing its own laser printer business. Then in 1990, Xerox introduced Docutech, a technology that let you turn a printer effectively into a printing press. Xerox scored another coup in 2000 with iGen, a color laser printer that could spit out 100 pages a minute. "By the mid-2000s, they didn't have anything exclusive at all," Weilerstein says, "and they began suffering economically."
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Xerox wasn't hit as hard as its Rochester neighbor, Eastman Kodak, which is now a [shadow of its former self][1].
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Partially that's because — unlike film — printing paper documents remains a lucrative business. There are sectors of the economy — including the federal government — where employees still print a few thousand pages a month. Weilerstein acknowledges that the use of print will continue to decline over time. "It's probably a generational factor," he says. However "it isn't really disappearing."
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Bolstered by the continued need for multifunction printers, Xerox has the opportunity to reinvent itself as a provider of primarily digital documents and services. The company laid the groundwork for such a move by embracing the managed print services business in the last decade. MPS essentially outsources the printing aspect of the office and gives IT departments one less task to monitor.
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However, since paper printing is on a long-term downward trend, Xerox is trying to anticipate where the market will go next. "Now the question is what will they do after this," says Weilerstein. "They will take this idea of a service that manages your printers and turn that into a service that handles how you handle docs in digital form."
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" I think there's a great desire among IT [departments] to get rid of paper," says the IDC's Boyd. "A lot of people, including Xerox, are actively trying to help them."
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Weilerstein's view is that since all communication is basically documents, Xerox has a chance to become a leader in "managed content services." Such services would help organizations cut down on the use of print. Though paper is still a useful communications medium, many printed pages are symptoms of problems involving poor interconnection between the different sources of information where workers obtain information and the different destinations to which they must apply it," Weilerstein wrote in a recent white paper on the subject.
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MCS would address the advertising orders that a broadcast network still receives by fax or provide a means to let a chemical manufacturer's employees scan their handwritten notes into a searchable digital archive.
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Carlson's Legacy
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In promoting a largely paperless future, Xerox would not only transition its business but help cut down on needless waste. However, the company has lots of competition on the document front, most notably from Adobe, the inventor of the Portable Document Format (PDF).
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Adobe, whose legacy is in desktop printing rather than hardware, appears to have a natural advantage over Xerox. Apple aside, it's rare that a company associated with the invention of an old technology manages to also become a leader in the technology that replaces it.
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Yet even if Xerox ultimately fails, Carlson's contribution to tech history is assured, if a bit obscure to most. A serial inventor, Carlson didn't have much to show for his other ideas — including a raincoat with gutters and a shoe-cleaning machine — but his one great invention is a testament to how the market rewards perseverance and vision. His death was an illustration of how little we sometimes know of the inner life of public figures.
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Almost exactly 30 years after Carlson and Kornei slaved over their invention in that Astoria apartment, Carlson took a trip back to New York from his Rochester home for a business meeting. Finding he had some down time, he ducked into a movie theater to catch He Who Rides a Tiger featuring Tom Bell and Judi Dench. After the movie, an usher saw Carlson, who appeared to be dozing in his seat. He hadn't. Carlson succumbed to a heart attack — his second that year.
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He died with an estimated fortune of $150 million, making him one of the wealthiest men in the country in 1968. That estimate was wrong, though. Carlson had actually given away much of his wealth by then. As he told his wife, Carlson had a curious ambition for a business titan. He wanted to "die a poor man."
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Images: Xerox
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||||||
---
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|
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via: http://mashable.com/2013/10/13/xerox-history-of-copying/
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||||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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[1]:http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/09/03/kodak-bankruptcy-ends/2759965/
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@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
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[scusjs占坑]每日Ubuntu技巧 - 怎么安装谷歌Chrome浏览器
|
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|
================================================================================
|
||||||
|
对于刚刚开始使用Ubuntu并想安装谷歌Chrome浏览器的新用户来说，这篇文章将是最快的方法。有许多安装在Ubuntu上安装Chrome的方法。一些方法喜欢直接在[谷歌Chrome下载页面][1]获得**deb**进行安装。
|
||||||
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另一些方法喜欢通过来自Chromium的PPA进行安装。我更喜欢通过**wget**命令下载安装。通过命令行的方式是最快的，也是这篇文章想要告诉你的。
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||||||
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|
||||||
|
可能你已经知道，谷歌Chrome已经完成屌丝的逆袭成为最流行的网络浏览器之一。实际上，这也是我最喜欢的浏览器。我最开始使用的是Internet Explorer，然后换成Firefox，最后又换成了谷歌Chrome。
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我并不是想让你换浏览器，但是如果你想要在Ubuntu下安装Chrome，那么就去安装它吧。
|
||||||
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||||||
|
要开始安装Chrome，你有一些选择。首先你可以使用Firefox访问[谷歌Chrome下载页面][1]然后下载一个拷贝。如果你不喜欢使用命令行，你可以使用这个方法。
|
||||||
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|
||||||
|
对于喜欢使用终端命令行的用户来说，使用以下命令来下载。
|
||||||
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|
||||||
|
cd /tmp
|
||||||
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|
||||||
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对于谷歌Chrome**32位**版本，使用如下链接。
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||||||
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||||||
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||||||
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wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_i386.deb
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||||||
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对于64位版本可以使用如下链接下载。
|
||||||
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|
||||||
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wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
|
||||||
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||||||
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下载完后，运行如下命令安装。
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||||||
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||||||
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sudo dpkg -i google-chrome*; sudo apt-get -f install
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||||||
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||||||
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然后就搞定了！安装完成后，到Unity Dash搜索Chrome就可以启动它了。
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|
||||||
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Enjoy!
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||||||
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|
||||||
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
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||||||
|
来自: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2013/10/daily-ubuntu-tips-install-google-chrome-browser/
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||||||
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|
||||||
|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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|
译者：[SCUSJS](https://github.com/scusjs) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||||
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|
||||||
|
[1]:https://www.google.com/intl/en/chrome/browser/#eula
|
||||||
@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
|
|||||||
|
GNOME Control Center 3.10.1版本推出，有多项性能的改进
|
||||||
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================================================================================
|
||||||
|
**GNOME Control Center，GNOME桌面环境中，用来配置你的桌面功效的主用户窗口应用程序，现在最新的版本是3.10.1。**
|
||||||
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|
||||||
|
|
||||||
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|
||||||
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Gnome Control Center允许用户使用大量的工具应用程序来对他们的系统进行各方面的配置修改。
|
||||||
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|
||||||
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**GNOME Control Center 3.10.1的功能亮点：**
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||||||
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|
||||||
|
- 修正了一些内存泄露；
|
||||||
|
- 创建目录时使用一致的权限;
|
||||||
|
- 鼠标移动速度设置不会再复位;
|
||||||
|
- 没有启用远程控制功能时屏幕共享可正常使用;
|
||||||
|
- 相同名字的文件夹不会再被选定为媒体共享文件夹;
|
||||||
|
- 当要启用DLNA，必须使MediaExport插件启用;
|
||||||
|
- 在“标题栏”的按钮图标已经对齐。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
可以在官网[changelog][1]中找到关于变动、更新及Bug修复等情况的完整列表信息。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 下载 [GNOME Control Center 3.10.1 tar.xz][2][sources] [6.50 MB]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/GNOME-Control-Center-3-10-1-Released-with-Multiple-Improvements-391831.shtml
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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|
[1]:http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/GNOME/sources/gnome-control-center/3.10/gnome-control-center-3.10.1.news
|
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|
[2]:http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/GNOME/sources/gnome-control-center/3.10/gnome-control-center-3.10.1.tar.xz
|
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@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
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一张75年前的纸，打开了现代计算机的新时代
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=====
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|
1938年10月22曰，纽约市皇后区阿斯托里亚的一间公寓内，专利代理人卡尔逊（Chester Carlson）和他的助手，奥地利物理学家柯乃伊（Otto Kornei）利用一个上午的时间制作了世界上第一张静电复印件(卡尔逊经过3年研究，在1938年成功实现世界上第一个静电复印实验——译者注)，从此开创了计算机的新时代！这是一个改变世界的时刻，这是一个激动人心的时刻！然后他们就去吃午餐了:D
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75年来，复印产业成了美国公司的中流砥柱。即使在平板电脑和PDF大行其道的今天，去年一年时间，“多功能打印机”销量为1900万台，交易额为309亿美元(来自顾能公司的数据)。你也许忘了上次使用打印机是在什么时候了，但IDC分析师Angèle Boyd指出去年全球打印了3万亿张纸，其中１万亿张来自美国。在一些公司里，一个员工每个月打印300到400张纸是再平常不过的事了。打印机生意保持如此令人吃惊的强大，其革命性已经远超当年卡尔逊刚发明模拟式静电复印机的时候了。
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静电打印机提升了企业的生产力，增强了商务交流。顾能公司负责调查、绘图和打印业务的副总裁Ken Weilerstein指出，大部分白领的工作任务就是以各种各样的形式阅读和创建文档。Tim Burners-Lee在1991年将超文本技术引入到互联网，用于链接不同计算机内部的文档。
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Ken Weilerstein说：“打印机改变了人们处理文档的方式，在人类的办公史上，这可是一件大事。”
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|
###施乐的崛起
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施乐(Xerox)称得上是最有名的打印机公司，在打印机市场持很大的占有率。就像人们谈搜索时会说“上网google一下”，谈到打印时会说“我需要xerox（复印）这份文档”，施乐公司已经渗入人们的日常生活中了。在科技领域，20世纪70年代，施乐由于在帕罗奥多研究中心（PARC）发明的用户图形界面和鼠标而声名远扬，乔帮主当年参观PARC后将很多点子用到了他的苹果机上（其中一个就是PARC研发的图形用户界面——译者注）。另外，激光打印机也借鉴了卡尔逊的发明。
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刚开始，施乐并不叫施乐。位于纽约市康涅狄格州罗切斯特市的哈洛伊德（Haloid）公司看中静电打印技术，收购了卡尔逊的这项发明，之后才更名为“施乐”(在这中间，哈洛伊德还曾更名为“哈洛伊德施乐”——译者注)。
|
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|
我们继续卡尔逊的故事，这位发明家和专利代理人对手工复印法律文件感到无比厌烦，他认为世上肯定有一种复印方法能让他摆脱油墨复写纸，这种传统上使用湿纸张和水的复印方法处理起来又乱又慢，拍照处理的代价还巨昂贵（当时世界上只有基于银盐照相直接影印的复印方法——译者注）。 施乐公司档案管理者，一个历史性人物，Ray Brewer（不好意思没能找到你的中文名字:D），他说卡尔逊的这个涉及锌片锌粉（估计是作为感光材料——译者注）的发明即简单又容易复制。
|
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||||||
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（Weilerstein解释说，静电复印的处理过程就是这么个回事：一张纸放在光源底下，光源会扫描整张纸，记下复印原件的信息。光线通过一组透镜照到涂有光敏材料的静电成像鼓上，于是物理反应就发生了。成像鼓被曝光部分的会产生静电荷，结果就是复印原件的信息被复制到鼓上。之后成像鼓转移位置，静电荷所在的地方会吸引增色剂微粒，从而在鼓上画出原件图像。然后成像鼓将增色剂转移到一张被铁加热过的白纸上，成像鼓回到原位置，多余的增色剂被刮下来，复印完成，接着进入下一个循环。）
|
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|
或许这个过程太简单了点。当卡尔逊在庆祝他们的突破时，他的助手柯乃伊并没有看到这一点。当柯乃伊与卡尔逊的合同到期后，他们就失去了联系。“柯乃伊没看到卡氽逊发明的意义”，Brewer说道。柯乃伊将会终身后悔。**后来卡尔逊给了柯乃伊100股施乐的股票，而柯乃伊马上就把它们卖了，为此他少嫌了至少100万美元。**
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
多年来，卡尔逊向多家公司推销他的专利，包括IBM和柯达，但是没人理他。Brewer认为，这是因为卡尔逊只是一个研发人员，而不是一个销售人员：“卡尔逊推销他的专利的方式非常枯燥和专业，这种方式对于将他的专利推销到市场没有任何帮助，即使是技术工程师也被卡尔逊的表达搞得迷迷糊糊”。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
卡尔逊的大突破发生在1946年，哈洛伊德公司老大John Dessauer读到了关于卡尔逊发明的文章。哈洛伊德本来是做照相纸的，“当时的照相领域发展非常迅速”，Brewer说。1948年，哈洛伊德为卡尔逊的发明找了一个比较容易记住的名字：静电复印技术（electrophotography）。后来改为施乐复印技术（xerography），取希腊词根“xeros（干）”和“graphos（写）”组成的新词。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在20世纪50到60年代之间，施乐打印机成为办公必备用品。这项改革节省了时间的金钱。以前，复印文档的唯一方法就是使用直接影印机，那是相当杂乱和昂贵的操作，更糟糕的是，那种油墨纸一次最多只能复制两份。假如你想复印更多份，你必须重新打印一份出来，“并且秘书和领导希望所有的复印件都一模一样，”Brewer又出来讲话了。这就是施乐复印术的又一个好处：多份一模一样的复印件。在email和即时通信出来之前，这种复印术为部门间交流提供机会。施乐复印术催生了备忘录、办公简讯以及生日贺卡等新鲜玩意儿。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
914型复印机是施乐公司最成功的产品。在60年代到70年代初，施乐共卖掉超过20万台这个型号的复印机，《财富》杂志将它评为“美国史上最成功的产品”。Weilerstein称施乐为“你后悔没买它的股票”的公司。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
这是一部大概在1960年播出的广告：http://www.youtube.com/embed/kNGdqC7QJYI
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
###现代计算机时代
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
直到80年代PC机开始代替打字机，施乐复印机的疯狂时代才告终结。人们依靠卡尔逊的发明创造了激光打印机，从此淘汰了功能单一的复印机。这个时候，已经没有人会把施乐的机器简单地称为复印机了，它们早已变成多功能打印机。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
而这还不是施乐公司生意上所面临的唯一挑战。70年代曰本公司提供了与施乐复印机同性能但更便宜的产品。Weilerstein说：施乐失去了复印机领域的垄断地位，但凭借其在激光打印机产业的发展，施乐依然站在科技的前沿。到90年代，施乐开发Docutech系统，这种技术让你从打印机年代直接进入到印刷机年代。之后施乐又研发了iGen2000，这是种能彩印的激光打印机，能在1分钟内打印100页复印件。“然而在2000年之后的一段时间内，施乐公司再没有突出的作为，”Weilerstein说道，“并且他们还遭遇经济危机。”
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
施乐没有像它在罗彻斯特的邻居——伊士曼柯达一样遭遇打击。现在的柯达[处于相当阴暗的时期][1]。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
部分原因是文档打印依然是一个高利润的生意，虽然还不能和电影产业相比。打印业务涉及多个生意，包括联邦政府，这些部门的员工每个月需要打印上千份文档。Weilerstein指出要打印业务完全消失还需要很长时间：“打印业务也许是老一代的产品，但它还不会轻易消失。”
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
鉴于市场对多功能打印机的持续需求，慢慢强大起来的施乐终于有机会将自己转型成数字文档和服务的供应商。在过去的十年里，这家公司为打印管理服务(MPS)生意做了大量基础性工作。企业的所有有关打印的业务都可以外包给MPS来完成，达到减小企业工作量的目的。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
然而随着打印业务长期的持续下滑，施乐试着预测市场的走向。“现在的问题是他们接下来会怎么做，”Weilerstein说，“他们会取消管理你的打印机的念头，转而为你提供另外一种服务：按你的意愿帮你处理数字形式的文档。”
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
“我认为IT部门实行无纸办公是一个非常大的需求”，来自IDC（国际数据公司）的Boyd说，“很多公司，包括施乐，都在为他们提供解决方案。”
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Weilerstein的观点是当所有的交流都是依赖文档时，施乐有机会成为“内容管理服务（MCS）”生意的领导者。这种服务能让企业不再使用打印机。Weilerstein在白皮书上写到：“虽然纸质文档依旧是交流的有效载体，但是当员工将不同来源的信息打印成纸质文档，并想将它们用于不同目的时，太多的文档反而无法形成有效的交流。”
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在广播信息都是靠传真接收的时代，MCS应该接受广告订单；或者提供一种方式，将化工厂员工随手记下的笔记传到可供查阅的数码产品中。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
卡尔逊和他的静电打印机
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在推动无纸办公的过程中，施乐不应该只是将它的生意转型，还应该帮助企业内不必要的浪费。然而，施乐还面临大量的竞争对手，最大的对手就是Adobe公司，PDF文档格式的发明者。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Adobe过去是做桌面打印（即通过电脑等电子手段进行文档编辑——译者注）而非纸质打印的，在这次转型过程中表现了很大的优势，对施乐造成很大的压力。然后是苹果公司，自己赖以生存的老技术被新技术取代后，能迅速变成新技术的领导者，这在历史上是很罕见的(TODO: 这是什么历史事件？)。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
即使施乐彻底失败了，卡尔逊在科技史上的贡献也是毋庸置疑的。卡尔逊的其他发明：带有流水沟的雨衣、洗鞋器等，但是他最重要的发明是一个证据，证明市场的永恒前进和视野的不断开阔。他的死向我们阐明了在公共生活中我们对精神生活了解是如此的少（TODO: 没明白这是要说什么，回头网上搜搜）。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
1968年，卡尔逊和柯乃伊在阿斯托里亚的公寓内辛辛苦苦地发明静电复印技术的30年之后，卡尔逊从罗彻斯特家里回到纽约，去参加一个商业会议。他发现离开会还有一些时间，于是他走进一家电影院观看《骑虎之人（He Who Rides a Tiger）》，主演是Tom Bell和Judi Dench。当电影结束时，一个服务员看见了卡尔逊，此刻他正在位子上睡觉，没有再醒过来。卡尔逊因心脏病去世——那是他那年第二次心脏病发作。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
他死后，人们估计他拥有大约1.5亿美元的遗产，这笔钱使他成为1968年全美最有钱的富翁之一。然而他们估计错了，卡尔逊将他的绝大部分财产都捐了出去。他曾对妻子说他对那种成为商业巨头的野心表示很不理解，他只想作为一个穷人死去。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
图片来源：施乐公司
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
via: http://mashable.com/2013/10/13/xerox-history-of-copying/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
译者：[chenjintao](https://github.com/chenjintao) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[1]:http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/09/03/kodak-bankruptcy-ends/2759965/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user