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[#]: subject: "My favorite Linux commands for optimizing web images"
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[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/12/optimize-web-images-linux"
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[#]: author: "Ayush Sharma https://opensource.com/users/ayushsharma"
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[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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My favorite Linux commands for optimizing web images
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======
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Generate resized and optimized images for thumbnails and banner images
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for the web.
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![Digital creative of a browser on the internet][1]
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I used to stay away from images when working online. Handling and optimizing images can be both imprecise and time-consuming.
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Then I found some commands that changed my mind. To create web pages, I use Jekyll, so I've included that in the directions. However, these commands will also work with other static site generators.
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### Image commands on Linux
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The commands that made all the difference for me are `optipng`, `jpegoptim`, and, of course, the venerable `imagemagick`. Together, they make handling images easy to manage or even automate.
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Here’s an overview of how I implemented my solution using these commands. I placed article images in my `static/images` folder. From there, I generated two copies of all PNG and JPG images:
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1. A cropped thumbnail version measuring 422 by 316
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2. A larger banner version, measuring 1024 by 768
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Then I placed each copy (the thumbnail and the banner) into its own folder, and I leveraged Jekyll's custom variables for the folder paths. I outline each of these steps in greater detail below.
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#### Installation
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To follow along with my solution, be sure you have all the commands installed. On Linux, you can install `optipng`, `jpegoptim`, and `imagemagick` using your package manager.
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On Fedora, CentOS, Mageia, and similar:
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```
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$ sudo dnf install optipng jpegoptim imagemagick
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```
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On Debian, Elementary, Mint, and similar:
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```
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$ sudo apt install optipng jpegoptim imagemagick
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```
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On macOS, use [MacPorts][2] or [Homebrew][3].
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```
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brew install optipng jpegoptim imagemagick
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```
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On Windows, use [Chocolatey][4].
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### Creating folders for thumbnails and banners
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After installing the commands, I created new folders under `static/images`. Generated thumbnails get placed into `img-thumbs`, and banners go in `img-normal`.
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```
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$ cd static/images
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$ mkdir -p img-thumbs img-normal
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```
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With the folders created, I copied all GIF, SVG, JPG, and PNG files to both folders. I use the GIFs and SVGs as-is for thumbnails and banner images.
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```
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$ cp content/*.gif img-thumbs/; cp content/*.gif img-normal/
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$ cp content/*.svg img-thumbs/; cp content/*.svg img-normal/
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$ cp content/*.jpg img-thumbs/; cp content/*.jpg img-normal/
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$ cp content/*.png img-thumbs/; cp content/*.png img-normal/
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```
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### Processing thumbnails
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To resize and optimize the thumbnails, I use my three commands.
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I use the `mogrify` command from `ImageMagick` to resize the JPGs and PNGs. Since I want the thumbnails to be 422 by 316, the command looks like this:
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```
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$ cd img-thumbs
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$ mogrify -resize 422x316 *.png
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$ mogrify -format jpg -resize 422x316 *.jpg
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```
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Now I optimize the PNGs using `optipng` and the JPGs using `jpegoptim`:
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```
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$ for i in *.png; do optipng -o5 -quiet "$i"; done
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$ jpegoptim -sq *.jpg
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```
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In the above command:
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* For `optipng`, `-o5` switch sets the level of optimization, with 0 being the lowest.
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* For `jpegoptim`, `-s` strips all image metadata, and `-q` sets quiet mode.
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### Processing banners
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I process the banner images in essentially the same way I process the thumbnails, aside from the dimensions, which are 1024 by 768 for banners.
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```
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$ cd ..
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$ cd img-normal
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$ mogrify -resize 1024x768 *.png
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$ mogrify -format jpg -resize 1024x768 *.jpg
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$ for i in *.png; do optipng -o5 -quiet "$i"; done
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$ jpegoptim -sq *.jpg
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```
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### Configuring the paths in Jekyll
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The `img-thumbs` directory now contains my thumbnails. and `img-normal` contains the banners. To make my life easier, I set both of them to custom variables in my Jekyll `_config.yml`.
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```
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content-images-path: /static/images/img-normal/
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content-thumbs-images-path: /static/images/img-thumbs/
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```
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Using the variables is simple. When I want to display the thumbnail, I prepend `content-thumbs-images-path` to the image. When I want to display the full banner, I prepend `content-images-path`.
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```
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{% if page.banner_img %}
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<img src="{{ page.banner_img | prepend: site.content-images-path | \
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prepend: site.baseurl | prepend: site.url }}" alt="Banner image for \
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{{ page.title }}" />
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{% endif %}
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```
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### Conclusion
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There are several improvements I could make to my optimization commands.
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Using `rsync` to copy only changed files to `img-thumbs` and `img-normal` is one obvious improvement. That way, I'm not reprocessing files over and over again. Adding those commands to [Git pre-commit hooks][5] or a CI pipeline is another useful step.
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Resizing and optimizing images to reduce their size is a win for the user and the web as a whole. Maybe my next step for reducing image sizes will be [webp][6].
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Fewer bytes transmitted over the wire means a lower carbon footprint, but that's another article. The UX victory is good enough for now.
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* * *
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_This article was originally posted on the [author's blog][7] and has been republished with permission._
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/21/12/optimize-web-images-linux
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作者：[Ayush Sharma][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/ayushsharma
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/browser_web_internet_website.png?itok=g5B_Bw62 (Digital creative of a browser on the internet)
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[2]: https://opensource.com/article/20/11/macports
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[3]: https://opensource.com/article/20/6/homebrew-mac
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[4]: https://opensource.com/article/20/3/chocolatey
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[5]: https://opensource.com/life/16/8/how-construct-your-own-git-server-part-6
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[6]: https://opensource.com/article/20/4/webp-image-compression
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[7]: https://www.ayushsharma.in/2021/11/optimising-jpg-and-png-images-for-a-jekyll-blog
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@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
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[#]: subject: "My favorite Linux commands for optimizing web images"
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[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/12/optimize-web-images-linux"
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[#]: author: "Ayush Sharma https://opensource.com/users/ayushsharma"
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[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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我最喜欢的优化网络图片的 Linux 命令
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======
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为网络上的缩略图和横幅图片生成经过调整和优化的图片。
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![Digital creative of a browser on the internet][1]
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以前我在处理网络工作时，我对图像敬而远之。处理和优化图像既不精确又费时。
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后来我发现了一些命令，改变了我的想法。为了创建网页，我使用 Jekyll，所以我在说明中包括了它。然而，这些命令也可以用于其他静态网站生成器。
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### Linux 上的图像命令
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对我来说有用的命令是 `optipng`、`jpegoptim`，当然还有古老的 `imagemagick`。它们一起使处理图像变得容易管理，甚至是自动化。
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下面是我如何使用这些命令实现我的解决方案的概述。我把文章图片放在我的 `static/images` 文件夹中。在那里，我生成了所有 PNG 和 JPG 图片的两个副本：
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1. 一个裁剪过的缩略图版本，尺寸为 422×316
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2. 一个更大的横幅版本，尺寸为 1024×768
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然后，我把每个副本（缩略图和横幅）放入自己的文件夹，并利用 Jekyll 的自定义变量来确定文件夹路径。下面我将更详细地介绍这些步骤中的每一步。
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#### 安装
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要跟上我的解决方案，请确保你已经安装了所有的命令。在 Linux 上，你可以使用软件包管理器安装 `optipng`、`jpegoptim` 和 `imagemagick`。
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在 Fedora、CentOS、Mageia 和类似系统上：
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```
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$ sudo dnf install optipng jpegoptim imagemagick
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```
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在 Debian、Elementary、Mint 和类似系统上：
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```
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$ sudo apt install optipng jpegoptim imagemagick
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```
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在 macOS 上，使用 [MacPorts][2] 或 [Homebrew][3]：
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```
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brew install optipng jpegoptim imagemagick
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```
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在 Windows 上，使用 [Chocolatey][4]。
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### 为缩略图和横幅创建文件夹
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安装完这些命令后，我在 `static/images` 下创建了新的文件夹。生成的缩略图放在 `img-thumbs`，横幅放在 `img-normal`。
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```
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$ cd static/images
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$ mkdir -p img-thumbs img-normal
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```
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创建了文件夹后，我把所有的 GIF、SVG、JPG 和 PNG 文件复制到这两个文件夹。我把 GIF 和 SVG 原封不动地用于缩略图和横幅图片。
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```
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$ cp content/*.gif img-thumbs/; cp content/*.gif img-normal/
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$ cp content/*.svg img-thumbs/; cp content/*.svg img-normal/
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$ cp content/*.jpg img-thumbs/; cp content/*.jpg img-normal/
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$ cp content/*.png img-thumbs/; cp content/*.png img-normal/
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```
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### 处理缩略图
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为了调整和优化缩略图的大小，我使用了我的三个命令。
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我使用 `ImageMagick` 的 `mogrify` 命令来调整 JPG 和 PNG 的大小。因为我希望缩略图是 422×316，所以命令看起来像这样:
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```
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$ cd img-thumbs
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$ mogrify -resize 422x316 *.png
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$ mogrify -format jpg -resize 422x316 *.jpg
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```
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现在我用 `optipng` 优化 PNG，用 `jpegoptim` 优化 JPG：
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```
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$ for i in *.png; do optipng -o5 -quiet "$i"; done
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$ jpegoptim -sq *.jpg
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```
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在上述命令中：
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* 对于 `optipng`，`-o5` 开关设置了优化的级别，0 是最低的。
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* 对于`jpegoptim`，`-s` 剥离所有图像元数据，`-q` 设置安静模式。
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### 处理横幅
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我处理横幅图片的方法与处理缩略图的方法基本相同，除了尺寸外，横幅图片的尺寸为 1024×768。
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```
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$ cd ..
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$ cd img-normal
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$ mogrify -resize 1024x768 *.png
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$ mogrify -format jpg -resize 1024x768 *.jpg
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$ for i in *.png; do optipng -o5 -quiet "$i"; done
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$ jpegoptim -sq *.jpg
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```
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### 配置 Jekyll 中的路径
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`img-thumbs` 目录现在包含我的缩略图，`img-normal` 包含横幅。为了使我的生活更轻松，我在Jekyll的 `_config.yml` 中把它们都设置为自定义变量。
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```
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content-images-path: /static/images/img-normal/
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content-thumbs-images-path: /static/images/img-thumbs/
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```
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使用这些变量很简单。当我想显示缩略图时，我把 `content-thumbs-images-path` 加到图片上。当我想显示完整的横幅时，我在前面添加 `content-images-path`。
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```
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{% if page.banner_img %}
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<img src="{{ page.banner_img | prepend: site.content-images-path | \
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prepend: site.baseurl | prepend: site.url }}" alt="Banner image for \
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{{ page.title }}" />
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{% endif %}
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```
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### 总结
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我可以对我的优化命令做几个改进。
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使用 `rsync` 只复制改变过的文件到 `img-thumbs` 和 `img-normal` 是一个明显的改进。这样一来，我就不会一次又一次地重新处理文件。将这些命令添加到 [Git pre-commit hooks][5] 或 CI 流水线中是另一个有用的步骤。
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调整和优化图像以减少其大小，对用户和整个网络来说都是一种胜利。也许我减少图片尺寸的下一步将是 [webp][6]。
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更少的字节通过电线传输意味着更低的碳足迹，但这是另一篇文章。目前，用户体验的胜利已经足够好了。
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* * *
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_本文原载于[作者的博客][7]，已获授权转载。_
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/21/12/optimize-web-images-linux
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作者：[Ayush Sharma][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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||||
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||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/ayushsharma
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/browser_web_internet_website.png?itok=g5B_Bw62 (Digital creative of a browser on the internet)
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[2]: https://opensource.com/article/20/11/macports
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[3]: https://opensource.com/article/20/6/homebrew-mac
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[4]: https://opensource.com/article/20/3/chocolatey
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[5]: https://opensource.com/life/16/8/how-construct-your-own-git-server-part-6
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[6]: https://opensource.com/article/20/4/webp-image-compression
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[7]: https://www.ayushsharma.in/2021/11/optimising-jpg-and-png-images-for-a-jekyll-blog
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