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Translating by kennethXia
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Bootiso Lets You Safely Create Bootable USB Drive
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======
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Howdy newbies! Some of you may often use **dd command** to do various things, like creating a USB drive or cloning disk partitions. Please be mindful that dd command is one of the dangerous and destructive command. If you’re Linux beginner, mostly avoid using dd command to do stuffs. If you don’t know what you are doing, you may wipe your hard drive in minutes. The dd command literally just takes bytes from **if** and writes them to **of**. It doesn’t care what it’s overwriting, it doesn’t care if there’s a partition table in the way, or a boot sector, or a home folder, or anything important. It will simply do what it is told to do. Instead, use some user-friendly apps like [**Etcher**][1]. So you will know which device you’re going to format before actually start creating bootable USB devices.
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Today, I stumbled upon yet another utility named **“Bootiso”** , which is also used to safely create bootable USB drive. It is actually a BASH script, and is brilliant! It has some extra features that helps us to safely create bootable USB devices. If you want to be sure you’re targeting a USB device (and not internal drive), or if you want autodetection of a USB device, you can use bootiso. Here is the significant advantages of using this script:
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* If there is only one USB drive, Bootiso will automatically select it.
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* If there are more than one USB drives present, it lets you to choose one of them from the list.
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* Just in case you mistakenly choose one of Internal hard drive, it will exit without doing anything.
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* It checks the selected ISO has the correct mime-type. If it has wrong mime-type, it will exit.
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* It asserts that the selected item is not a partition and exit if it doesn’t.
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* It will prompt the user confirmation before erasing and partitioning the USB drive.
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* Lists available USB drives.
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* Installs syslinux bootloader (optional).
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* Free and Open Source.
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### Safely Create Bootable USB Drive Using Bootiso
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Installing Bootiso is very easy. Download the latest version using command:
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```
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$ curl -L https://rawgit.com/jsamr/bootiso/latest/bootiso -O
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```
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Move the downloaded file to your **$PATH** , for example /usr/local/bin/.
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```
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$ sudo cp bootiso /usr/local/bin/
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```
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Finally, make it executable:
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```
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$ sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/bootiso
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```
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Done! Now, it is time to create bootable USB drives. First, let us see how many USB drives are present using command:
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```
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$ bootiso -l
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```
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Sample output:
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```
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Listing USB drives available in your system:
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NAME HOTPLUG SIZE STATE TYPE
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sdb 1 7.5G running disk
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```
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As you can see, I have only one USB drive. Let us go ahead and create the USB bootable from an ISO file using command:
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```
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$ bootiso bionic-desktop-amd64.iso
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```
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This command will prompt you to enter the sudo password. Type the password and hit ENTER key to install the missing dependencies (if there are any) and then create USB bootable device.
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Sample output:
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```
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[...]
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Listing USB drives available in your system:
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NAME HOTPLUG SIZE STATE TYPE
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sdb 1 7.5G running disk
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Autoselecting `sdb' (only USB device candidate)
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The selected device `/dev/sdb' is connected through USB.
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Created ISO mount point at `/tmp/iso.c5m'
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`bootiso' is about to wipe out the content of device `/dev/sdb'.
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Are you sure you want to proceed? (y/n)>y
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Erasing contents of /dev/sdb...
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Creating FAT32 partition on `/dev/sdb1'...
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Created USB device mount point at `/tmp/usb.QgV'
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Copying files from ISO to USB device with `rsync'
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Synchronizing writes on device `/dev/sdb'
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`bootiso' took 303 seconds to write ISO to USB device with `rsync' method.
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ISO succesfully unmounted.
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USB device succesfully unmounted.
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USB device succesfully ejected.
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You can safely remove it !
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```
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If the your ISO file has the wrong mime-type, you will see the following error message:
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```
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Provided file `bionic-desktop-amd64.iso' doesn't seem to be an iso file (wrong mime type: `application/octet-stream').
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Exiting bootiso...
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```
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You can, however, skip the mime-type check using **–no-mime-check** option like below.
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```
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$ bootiso --no-mime-check bionic-desktop-amd64.iso
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```
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Like I already mentioned, Bootiso will automatically choose the USB drive if there is only one USB drive present in your system. So, we don’t need to mention the usb disk path. If you have more than one devices connected, you can explicitly specify the USB device using **-d** flag like below.
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```
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$ bootiso -d /dev/sdb bionic-desktop-amd64.iso
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```
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Replace “/dev/sdb” with your own path.
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If you don’t specify **-d** flag when using more than one USB devices, Bootiso will prompt you to select from available USB drives.
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Bootiso will ask the user confirmation before erasing and partitioning the USB devices. To auto-confirm this, use **-y** or **–assume-yes** flag.
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```
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$ bootiso -y bionic-desktop-amd64.iso
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```
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You can also enable autoselecting USB devices in conjunction with **-y** option as shown below.
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```
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$ bootiso -y -a bionic-desktop-amd64.iso
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```
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Or,
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```
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$ bootiso --assume-yes --autoselect bionic-desktop-amd64.iso
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```
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Please remember it will work only if you have only one connected USB drive.
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By default, Bootiso will create a **FAT 32** partition and then mount and copy the ISO contents using **“rsync”** program to your USB drive. You can also use “dd” instead of “rsync” if you want.
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```
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$ bootiso --dd -d /dev/sdb bionic-desktop-amd64.iso
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```
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If you want to increase the odds your USB will be bootable, use **“-b”** or **“–bootloader”** like below.
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```
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$ bootiso -b bionic-desktop-amd64.iso
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```
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The above command will install a bootloader with **syslinux** (safe mode). Please note that it doesn’t work if you use “–dd” option.
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After creating the bootable device, Bootiso will automatically eject the USB drive. If you don’t want it to automatically eject it, use **-J** or **–no-eject** flag.
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```
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$ bootiso -J bionic-desktop-amd64.iso
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```
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Now, the USb device will remain connected. You can unmount it at anytime using “umount” command.
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To display help section, run:
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```
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$ bootiso -h
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```
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And, that’s all for now. Hope this script helps. More good stuffs to come. Stay tuned!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.ostechnix.com/bootiso-lets-you-safely-create-bootable-usb-drive/
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作者：[SK][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
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[1]:https://www.ostechnix.com/etcher-beauitiful-app-create-bootable-sd-cards-usb-drives/
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@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
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Bootiso 让你安全地创建 USB 启动设备
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======
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你好，新兵！你们有些人经常使用 **dd 命令**做各种各样的事，比如创建 USB 启动盘或者克隆硬盘分区。不过请牢记，dd 是一个危险且有毁灭性的命令。如果你是个 Linux 的新手，最好避免使用 dd 命令。如果你不知道你在做什么，你可能会在几分钟里把硬盘擦掉。从原理上说，dd 只是从 **“if”** 读取然后写到 **“of”** 上。它才不管往哪里写呢。它根本不关心那里是否有分区表、引导区、家目录或是其他重要的东西。你叫它做什么它就做什么。可以使用像 [**Etcher**][1] 这样的用户友好的应用来代替它。这样你就可以在创建 USB 引导设备之前知道你将要格式化的是哪块盘。
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今天，我发现了另一个可以安全创建 USB 引导设备的工具 **Bootiso** 。它实际上是一个 BASH 脚本，但真的很智能！它有很多额外的功能来帮我们安全创建 USB 引导盘。如果你想确定你的目标是 USB 设备（而不是内部驱动器），或者如果你想检测 USB 设备，你可以使用 Bootiso。下面是使用此脚本的显著优点:
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* 如果只有一个 USB 驱动器，Bootiso 会自动选择它。
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* 如果有一个以上的 USB 驱动器存在，它可以让你从列表中选择其中一个。
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* 万一你错误地选择一个内部硬盘驱动器，它将退出而不做任何事情。
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* 它检查选定的 ISO 是否具有正确的 MIME 类型。如果 MIME 类型不正确，它将退出。
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* 它判定所选的项目不是分区，如果判定失败则退出。
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* 它将在擦除和分区 USB 驱动器之前提示用户确认。
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* 列出可用的 USB 驱动器。
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* 安装 syslinux 引导系统 (可选)。
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* 自由且开源。
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### 使用 Bootiso 安全地创建 USB 驱动器
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安装 Bootiso 非常简单。用这个命令下载最新版本：
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```
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$ curl -L https://rawgit.com/jsamr/bootiso/latest/bootiso -O
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```
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把下载的文件加到 **$PATH** 目录中，比如 /usr/local/bin/.
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```
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$ sudo cp bootiso /usr/local/bin/
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```
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最后，添加运行权限：
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```
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$ sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/bootiso
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```
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搞定！现在就可以创建 USB 引导设备了。首先，让我们用命令看看现在有哪些 USB 驱动器：
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```
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$ bootiso -l
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```
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输出：
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```
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Listing USB drives available in your system:
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NAME HOTPLUG SIZE STATE TYPE
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sdb 1 7.5G running disk
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```
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如你所见，我只有一个 USB 驱动器。让我们继续通过命令用 ISO 文件创建 USB 启动盘：
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```
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$ bootiso bionic-desktop-amd64.iso
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```
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这个命令会提示你输入 SUDO 密码。输入密码并回车来安装缺失的组件（如果有的话），然后创建 USB 启动盘。
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输出：
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```
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[...]
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Listing USB drives available in your system:
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NAME HOTPLUG SIZE STATE TYPE
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sdb 1 7.5G running disk
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Autoselecting `sdb' (only USB device candidate)
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The selected device `/dev/sdb' is connected through USB.
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Created ISO mount point at `/tmp/iso.c5m'
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`bootiso' is about to wipe out the content of device `/dev/sdb'.
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Are you sure you want to proceed? (y/n)>y
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Erasing contents of /dev/sdb...
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Creating FAT32 partition on `/dev/sdb1'...
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Created USB device mount point at `/tmp/usb.QgV'
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Copying files from ISO to USB device with `rsync'
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Synchronizing writes on device `/dev/sdb'
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`bootiso' took 303 seconds to write ISO to USB device with `rsync' method.
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ISO succesfully unmounted.
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USB device succesfully unmounted.
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USB device succesfully ejected.
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You can safely remove it !
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```
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如果你的 ISO 文件 mine 类型不对，你会得到下列错误信息：
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```
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Provided file `bionic-desktop-amd64.iso' doesn't seem to be an iso file (wrong mime type: `application/octet-stream').
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Exiting bootiso...
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```
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当然，你也能像下面那样使用 **–no-mime-check** 选项来跳过 mime 类型检查。
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```
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$ bootiso --no-mime-check bionic-desktop-amd64.iso
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```
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就像我前面提到的，如果系统里只有1个 USB 设备 Bootiso 将自动选中它。所以我们不需要告诉它 USB 设备路径。如果你连接了多个设备，你可以像下面这样使用 **-d** 来指明 USB 设备。
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```
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$ bootiso -d /dev/sdb bionic-desktop-amd64.iso
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```
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用你自己的设备路径来换掉 “/dev/sdb”.
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在多个设备情况下，如果你没有使用 **-d** 来指明要使用的设备，Bootiso 会提示你选择可用的 USB 设备。
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Bootiso 在擦除和改写 USB 盘分区前会要求用户确认。使用 **-y** 或 **–assume-yes** 选项可以跳过这一步。
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```
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$ bootiso -y bionic-desktop-amd64.iso
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```
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您也可以把自动选择 USB 设备与 **-y** 选项连用，如下所示。
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```
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$ bootiso -y -a bionic-desktop-amd64.iso
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```
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或者，
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```
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$ bootiso?--assume-yes?--autoselect bionic-desktop-amd64.iso
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```
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请记住，当你只连接一个 USB 驱动器时，它才会起作用。
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Bootiso 会默认创建一个 **FAT 32** 分区，挂载后用 **“rsync”** 程序把 ISO 的内容拷贝到 USB 盘里。 如果你愿意也可以使用 “dd” 代替 “rsync” 。
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```
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$ bootiso --dd -d /dev/sdb bionic-desktop-amd64.iso
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```
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如果你想增加 USB 引导的成功概率，请使用 **“-b”** 或 **“–bootloader”** 选项。
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```
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$ bootiso -b bionic-desktop-amd64.iso
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```
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上面这条命令会安装 **syslinux** 引导程序（安全模式）。注意，“–dd” 选项不可用.
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在创建引导设备后，Bootiso 会自动弹出 USB 设备。如果不想自动弹出，请使用 **-J** 或 **–no-eject** 选项。
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```
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$ bootiso -J bionic-desktop-amd64.iso
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```
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现在，USB 设备依然连接中。你可以使用 “umount” 命令随时卸载它。
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需要完整帮助信息，请输入：
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```
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$ bootiso -h
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好，今天就到这里。希望这个脚本对你有帮助。好货不断，不要走开哦！
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.ostechnix.com/bootiso-lets-you-safely-create-bootable-usb-drive/
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作者：[SK][a]
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译者：[kennethXia](https://github.com/kennethXia)
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||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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||||
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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||||
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||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
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||||
[a]:https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
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[1]:https://www.ostechnix.com/etcher-beauitiful-app-create-bootable-sd-cards-usb-drives/
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