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Tips for non-native English speakers working on open source projects
============================================================
![Tips for non-native English speakers working on open source projects](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/images/life/world_hands_diversity.png?itok=LMT5xbxJ "Tips for non-native English speakers working on open source projects")
Image by : 
opensource.com
The primary language of most open source projects is English, but open source users and contributors span the globe. Non-native speakers face many communication and cultural challenges when participating in the ecosystem.
In this article, we will share challenges, how to overcome them, and best practices for easing onboarding of non-native speakers, as non-native English speakers and contributors to OpenStack. We are based in Japan, Brazil, and China, and work daily with the huge OpenStack community that is spread around the world.
The official language of OpenStack is English, which means we communicate daily as non-native speakers.
### Challenges
Non-native English speakers face specific communication challenges when starting out in open source communities: they are related to limited language skills and cultural disparity.
### Language skills
Let's focus on the specific language skills behind reading, writing, listening, and speaking.
Reading: This is the easiest but also the most important skill. It is the easiest because if you can't understand what is written you have the opportunity to read it again, or as many times as needed. If you encounter an uncommon phrase, expression, or abbreviation, you can use a dictionary or translator. On the other hand, it is the most important skill because for most open source projects the main means of communication are mailing lists and IRC.
Writing: English grammar is an issue especially for languages that structure sentences differently. This may pose a problem for communication in writing emails and communicating via IRC channels. For some, writing long and beautiful sentences is difficult, and the reliance on simpler sentences is prevalent because these are easy to write and convey understanding.
Listening: This is more problematic than reading and writing for non-native speakers. Normally, conversation between native English speakers is very fast, which makes following the discussions for those still learning difficult and limits their participation in those discussions. Furthermore, trying to understand the variety of accents in a globally spread community adds to the complexity. Interestingly, American pronunciation is often easier to understand than others.
Speaking: Speaking is more difficult than listening because the participant's vocabulary may a bit limited. Furthermore, English's phonemes and grammar are often very different from a non-native speaker's mother language, making an interaction even more difficult to understand.
### Cultural differences
Each culture has different norms when interacting with other people in the open source community. For example, the Japanese tend not to say yes or no clearly as a way to respect others and to avoid fighting each other. This is often very different from other cultures and may cause misunderstanding of what was expressed.
In Chinese culture, people prefer to just say yes, instead of saying no or trying to negotiate. In a globally distributed community as OpenStack, this often leads to the lack of confidence when expressing opinions. Furthermore, Chinese people like to list the facts first and give the thesis at the end, and this can cause confusion for people from other cultures because it is not what they expect.
A Brazilian, for instance, may find that discussions are driven in a similar way; however, some cultures are very short and direct in responses, which may sound a bit rude.
### Overcoming obstacles
Challenges related to language skills are easier to overcome than cultural ones. Cultural differences need to be respected, while English skills can always be improved.
In order to brush up on your language skills, be in contact with the language as much as you can. Do not think about your limitations. Just do your best and you will improve eventually.
Read as much as you can, because this will help you gather vocabulary. Communicating through chat and mailing lists daily helps, too. Some tools, such as real-time dictionaries and translators, are very useful with these platforms.
Talking to others or yourself helps you become comfortable speaking out more frequently. Having one-on-one conversations to express your ideas is easier than discussing in larger groups.
### Onboarding newcomers
A few initiatives from both newcomers and native speakers may positively affect the onboarding process.
### Newcomers
Speak and write your opinion, and ask your questions; this participation is always a good opportunity to exercise your English. Do not be afraid.
For meetings, make sure you prepare yourself in advance so you will be comfortable with the subject and more confident about the opinions you are expressing.
Make friends who are English speakers and talk more to practice your English skills.
Writing blogs and technical articles in English are also great ideas.
### Tips for native English speakers
Please speak slowly and use simple words and sentences. Don't make fun of non-native English speakers if you find something wrong about the English they used. Try to encourage newcomers to express their opinions, and make them comfortable enough to do so.
_This article was co-written by Masayuki Igawa, Dong Ma, and Samuel de Medeiros Queiroz. Learn more in their talk at linux.conf.au 2017 ([#lca2017][1]) in Hobart: [Non-native English speakers in Open Source communities: A True Story.][2]_
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作者简介：
![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/profile_pictures/public/pictures/myface_s.jpg?itok=-dy9_LQd)
Masayuki Igawa - Masayuki Igawa is a software engineer for over 15 years on a wide range of software projects, and developing open source software related to Linux kernel and virtualization. He's been an active technical contributor to OpenStack since 2013. He is a core member of some OpenStack QA projects such as Tempest, subunit2sql, openstack-health and stackviz. He currently works for HPE's Upstream OpenStack team to make OpenStack better for everyone. He has previously been a speaker at OpenStack Summits,
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/17/1/non-native-speakers-take-open-source-communities
作者：[Masayuki Igawa][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:https://opensource.com/users/masayukig
[1]:https://twitter.com/search?q=%23lca2017&src=typd
[2]:https://linux.conf.au/schedule/presentation/70/

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给英语非母语的人从事开源项目的若干建议
====================================================
![Tips for non-native English speakers working on open source projects](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/images/life/world_hands_diversity.png?itok=LMT5xbxJ "Tips for non-native English speakers working on open source projects")
图片来源: opensource.com
大多数的开源项目的主要语言都是英语，但是开源项目的用户和贡献者却遍布全球。英语非母语的人在参与这个生态系统时会面临许多沟通和文化上的挑战。
在这篇文章中，作为不以英语为母语而且是 OpenStack 的贡献者的我们将会分享一些挑战——如何去克服它们，还有一些好的方案，它们能够减轻不以英语为母语且刚开始学习的人的焦虑。我们的总部在日本、巴西和中国，每天都会与世界各地的大型 OpenStack 社区合作。
OpenStack 的官方语言是英语，这意味着我们是作为非英语为母语的人士来进行交流。
### 挑战
非英语为母语的人士在开源社区工作时会面临具体沟通挑战：它们与有限的语言技能和文化差异有关。
### 语言技能
让我们来关注在阅读、写作、听力和口语背后的具体语言技能。
阅读：这是最简单也是最重要的技能。最简单是因为：如果你不明白写了什么，你有机会再次阅读它，或者需要多次阅读。如果你遇到了一个不常见的短语、表达式或者缩写，你可以使用一个词典或者翻译器。在另一方面，它是最重要的技能是因为：对大多数开源项目而言，主要的交流方式都是邮件列表和 IRC。
写作：英语语法是一个问题，尤其是对句子结构不同的语言。这可能会在用电子邮件进行通信和通过 IRC 频道进行通信时产生问题。对一些人来说，写出又长又漂亮的句子比较困难，而对简单句子的依赖是普遍的，因为这些很容易写和表达理解。
听力：这对非英语为母语的人来说比阅读和写作更加困难。通常，英语为母语的人之间的对话是在非常快的，这就使得那些仍然在学习的人很难理解他们的讨论，同时也限制了他们参与到讨论当中。此外，试图理解一个遍布全球的社区的各种口音也增加了复杂性。有意思的是，美国人的发音往往比其他的容易理解。
口语：口语比听力更加的困难，因为参与者的词汇量可能会比较有限。而且，英语的音素和语法通常与那些母语不是英语的人的母语相差很大，这就使得互动更加的难以理解。
### 文化差异
在开源社区与其他人交流时，每种文化都有它自己不同的规范。例如，日本人通常不会明确的说好的或者不，他们认为这是尊重别人的一种方式，可以避免彼此间的争论。这通常与其他的文化大不一样，可能会对所表达的内容造成误解。
在中国文化中，人们倾向于只是说好的，代替说不或者试图商讨。在一个像 OpenStack 这样的分布于全球的社区里，这通常会导致在表达意见时缺乏自信。另外，中国人喜欢首先列出事实，然后在后面给出结论。而这会对来自其他文化中的人造成困惑，因为这不是他们所期望的。
例如，巴西人可能会认为讨论是以类似的方式推动的;然而，其他文化反应会很直接和简短，这听起来可能会有点粗鲁。
### 克服障碍
语言技能方面的挑战要比文化差异方面的挑战容易克服。文化差异需要被受到尊重，然而英语技能却总是可以被改善的。
为了刷新你的语言技能，你应该尽可能多地与语言接触。不要想你的局限，只管尽自己所能，你终将会得到改善。
尽可能多的阅读，因为这有助于你积累词汇。通过日常的聊天和邮件列表进行交流也很有帮助。一些工具，如实时字典和翻译器，对这些平台非常有用。
与别人或者你自己交谈可以帮助你更自如地频繁地说话。进行一对一的对话来表达你的想法比在更大的群体中讨论更容易。
### 准新手
来自新手和母语者的一些举措可能会对学习过程产生积极的影响。
### 新手
说出和写下你的意见，并且提出你的问题；参与其中总是一个练习你的英语的很好的机会。不要害怕。
对于会议，确保你提前准备过，这样你将会对会议主题比较熟悉，而且会对自己要表达的意见更加的自信。
与英语为母语的人结交朋友，多和他们讨论来提高你的英语技能。
用英语写博客和技术文章也是不错的主意。
### 给英语为母语的人士的建议
请说话慢一点儿，同时使用一些简单的单词和句子。如果你发现了非英语为母语的人使用英语中的一些错误请不要嘲笑他们，尝试鼓励新来的人表达自己的意见，让他们非常舒适地表达意见。
*这篇文章由 Masayuki Igawa、Dong Ma 和 Samuel de Medeiros Queiroz 共同协作完成，可以在 Hobart 的 linux.conf.au 2017([#lca2017][1])：[Non-native English speakers in Open Source communities: A True Story.][2]中了解更多*
-------------------------------------------
作者简介：
![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/profile_pictures/public/pictures/myface_s.jpg?itok=-dy9_LQd)
Masayuki Igawa：Masayuki Igawa 是一名拥有 15 年大量软件项目经验的软件工程师，目前正在开发与 Linux 内核和虚拟化相关开源软件。自 2013 年起，他就一直是一名活跃的 OpenStack 项目贡献者。他是像 Tempest 和 subunit2sql 这样一些 OpenStack QA 项目的核心成员。他目前就职于 HPE 的 Upstream OpenStack 团队，该团队目的是使 OpenStack 更适合所有人。他以前曾在 OpenStack 峰会上发表演讲。
via: https://opensource.com/article/17/1/non-native-speakers-take-open-source-communities
作者：[Masayuki Igawa][a]
译者：[zhousiyu325](https://github.com/zhousiyu325)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:https://opensource.com/users/masayukig
[1]:https://twitter.com/search?q=%23lca2017&src=typd
[2]:https://linux.conf.au/schedule/presentation/70/