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翻译完毕 20171117 how to easily remember linux commands.md (#6366)
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# How to Easily Remember Linux Commands
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The command line can be daunting for new Linux users. Part of that is
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remembering the multitude of commands available. After all, in order to use
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the command line effectively, you need to know the commands.
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Unfortunately, there's no getting around the fact that you need to learn the
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commands, but there are some tools that can help you out when you're getting
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started.
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## History
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The first thing you can use to remember commands that you've already used is
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your own command line history. Most [Linux shells](https://www.maketecheasier.com/remember-linux-commands/<https:/www.maketecheasier.com/alternative-linux-shells/>), including
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the most common default, Bash, create a history file that lists your past
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commands. For Bash, you can find it at "/home/<username>/.bash_history."
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It's a plain text file, so you can open it in any text editor and loop back
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through or even search.
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## Apropos
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There's actually a command that helps you find _other_ commands. It 's called
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"apropos," and it helps you find the appropriate command to complete the
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action you search or. For example, if you need to know the command to list the
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contents of a directory, you can run the following command:
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[code]
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apropos "list directory"
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[/code]
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There's a catch, though. It's very literal. Add an "s" to "directory," and try
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again.
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[code]
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apropos "list directories"
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[/code]
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It doesn't work. What `apropos` does is search through a list of commands and
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the accompanying descriptions. If your search doesn't match the description,
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it won't pick up the command as a result.
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There is something else you can do. By using the `-a` flag, you can add
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together search terms in a more flexible way. Try this command:
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[code]
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apropos "match pattern"
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[/code]
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You'd think it'd turn up something, like
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[grep](https://www.maketecheasier.com/remember-linux-commands/<https:/www.maketecheasier.com/what-is-grep-and-uses/>)? Instead, you
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get nothing. Again, apropos is being too literal. Now, try separating the
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words and using the `-a` flag.
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[code]
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apropos "match" -a "pattern"
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[/code]
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Suddenly, you have many of the results that you'd expect.
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apropos is a great tool, but you always need to be aware of its quirks.
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## ZSH
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ZSH isn't really a tool for remembering commands. It's actually an alternative
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shell. You can substitute [ZSH](https://www.maketecheasier.com/remember-linux-
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commands/<https:/www.maketecheasier.com/understanding-the-different-shell-in-
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linux-zsh-shell/>) for Bash and use it as your command line shell. ZSH
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includes an autocorrect feature that catches you if you enter in a command
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wrong or misspell something. If you enable it, it'll ask you if you meant
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something close. You can continue to use the command line as you normally
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would with ZSH, but you get an extra safety net and some other really nice
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features, too. The easiest way to get the most of ZSH is with [Oh-My-
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ZSH](https://www.maketecheasier.com/remember-linux-commands/<https:/github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh>).
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## Cheat Sheet
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The last, and probably simplest, option is to use a [cheat sheet](https://www.maketecheasier.com/remember-linux-commands/<https:/www.maketecheasier.com/premium/cheatsheet/linux-command-line/>). There are plenty available online like [this
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one](https://www.maketecheasier.com/remember-linux-commands/<https:/www.cheatography.com/davechild/cheat-sheets/linux-command-line/>) that you can use to look up commands quickly.
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You can actually even find them in image form and set one as your desktop
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wallpaper for quick reference.
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This isn't the best solution for actually remembering the commands, but when
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you're starting out, it can save you from doing a search online every time you
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don't remember a command.
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Rely on these methods when you're learning, and eventually you'll find
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yourself referring to them less and less. No one remembers everything, so
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don't feel bad if you occasionally forget or run into something you haven't
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seen before. That's what these resources and, of course, the Internet are
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there for.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.maketecheasier.com/remember-linux-commands/
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作者：[Nick Congleton][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
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# How to Easily Remember Linux Commands
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Linux 新手往往对命令行心存畏惧。部分原因是因为需要记忆大量的命令。毕竟掌握命令是高效使用命令行的前提。
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不幸的是，学习这些命令并无捷径，然而在你开始学习命令之初，有些工具还是可以帮到你的。
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## History
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首先要介绍的是命令行工具 history。它能帮你记住那些你曾经用过的命令。大多数 [Linux shells](https://www.maketecheasier.com/remember-linux-commands/<https:/www.maketecheasier.com/alternative-linux-shells/>)，包括应用最广泛的 Bash，都会创建一个历史文件来包含那些你输入过的命令。如果你用的是 Bash，这个历史文件就是 "/home/<username>/.bash_history"。
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这个历史文件是纯文本格式的，你可以用任意的文本编辑器打开来浏览和搜索。
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## Apropos
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确实存在有一个命令可以帮你找到其他命令。这个命令就是 "apropos"，它能帮你找出合适的命令来完成你搜索的操作。比如，假设你需要知道哪个命令可以列出目录的内容，你可以运行下面命令:
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```shell
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apropos "list directory"
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```
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这就搜索出结果了。非常直接。给 "directory" 加上 "s" 后再试一下。
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```shell
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apropos "list directories"
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```
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这次没用了。`apropos` 所作的其实就是搜索一系列命令的描述。描述不匹配的命令不会纳入结果中。
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还有其他的用法。通过 `-a` 标志，你可以以更灵活的方式来增加搜索关键字。试试这条命令:
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```shell
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apropos "match pattern"
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```
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你会觉得应该会有一些匹配的内容出现，比如 [grep](https://www.maketecheasier.com/remember-linux-commands/<https:/www.maketecheasier.com/what-is-grep-and-uses/>) 对吗?
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然而，实际上并没有匹配出任何结果。再说一次，apropos 只会根据字面内容进行搜索。
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现在让我们试着用 `-a` 标志来把单词分割开来。
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```shell
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apropos "match" -a "pattern"
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```
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这一下，你可以看到很多期望的结果了。
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apropos 是一个很棒的工具，不过你需要留意它的缺陷。
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## ZSH
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ZSH 其实并不是用于记忆命令的工具。它其实是一种 shell。你可以用 [ZSH](https://www.maketecheasier.com/remember-linux-commands/<https:/www.maketecheasier.com/understanding-the-different-shell-in-linux-zsh-shell/>) 来替代 Bash 作为你的命令行 shell。ZSH 包含了自动纠错机制，能在你输入命令的时候给你予提示。
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开启该功能后，它会提示你相近的选择想面。在 ZSH 中你可以像往常一样使用命令行，同时你还能享受到极度安全的网络以及其他一些非常好用的特性。充分利用 ZSH 的最简单方法就是使用 [Oh-My-ZSH](https://www.maketecheasier.com/remember-linux-commands/<https:/github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh>)。
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## Cheat Sheet
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最后，也可能是最间的方法就是使用 [cheat sheet](https://www.maketecheasier.com/remember-linux-commands/<https:/www.maketecheasier.com/premium/cheatsheet/linux-command-line/>)。
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有很多在线的 cheat sheet，比如[这个](https://www.maketecheasier.com/remember-linux-commands/<https:/www.cheatography.com/davechild/cheat-sheets/linux-command-line/>) 可以帮助你快速查询命令。
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为了快速查询，你可以寻找图片格式的 cheat sheet 然后将它设置为你的桌面墙纸。
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这并不是记忆命令的最好方法，但是这么做可以帮你节省在线搜索遗忘命令的时间。
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在学习时依赖这些方法，最终你会发现你会越来越少地使用这些工具。
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没有人能够记住所有的事情，因此偶尔遗忘掉某些东西或者遇到某些没有见过的东西也很正常。这也是这些工具以及因特网存在的意义。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.maketecheasier.com/remember-linux-commands/
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作者：[Nick Congleton][a]
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译者：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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