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Update 20180128 How to add network bridge with nmcli (NetworkManager) on Linux.md

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How to add network bridge with nmcli (NetworkManager) on Linux 如何在Linux里使用nmcli （NetworkManager） 添加网桥
====== ======
I am using Debian Linux 9 "stretch" on the desktop. I would like to create network bridge with NetworkManager. But, I am unable to find the option to add br0. How can I create or add network bridge with nmcli for NetworkManager on Linux? 我正在电脑上使用Debian Linux 9 “stretch”。 我想用NetworkManager 来建网桥。但是根本就没有添加br0的选项。我该如何在Linux里使用nmcli 来为 NetworkManager 创建或者添加网桥呢？
A bridge is nothing but a device which joins two local networks into one network. It works at the data link layer, i.e., layer 2 of the OSI model. Network bridge often used with virtualization and other software. Disabling NetworkManager for a simple bridge especially on Linux Laptop/desktop doesn't make any sense. The nmcli tool can create Persistent bridge configuration without editing any files. **This page shows how to create a bridge interface using the Network Manager command line tool called nmcli**. 网桥没什么特别的，只是把两个网络连在一起。它工作在数据链路层，例如OSI模型的第二层。网桥经常被虚拟机和别的一些软件使用。为了使用网桥而关闭桌面Linux上的NetworkManager 显然是不明智的。nmcli可以创建一个永久的网桥而不编辑任何文件。**本文将展示如何使用NetworkManager 的命令行工具nmcli来创建网桥。**
### How to create/add network bridge with nmcli ### 如何使用nmcli来创建/添加网桥
The procedure to add a bridge interface on Linux is as follows when you want to use Network Manager: 使用NetworkManager 在Linux上添加网桥接口的步骤如下：
1. Open the Terminal app 1. 打开terminal
2. Get info about the current connection: 2. 获取当前连接状态：
``` ```
nmcli con show nmcli con show
``` ```
3. Add a new bridge: 3. 添加新的网桥:
``` ```
nmcli con add type bridge ifname br0 nmcli con add type bridge ifname br0
``` ```
4. Create a slave interface: 4. 创建子网卡:
``` ```
nmcli con add type bridge-slave ifname eno1 master br0 nmcli con add type bridge-slave ifname eno1 master br0
``` ```
5. Turn on br0: 5. br0上线:
``` ```
nmcli con up br0 nmcli con up br0
``` ```
Let us see how to create a bridge, named br0 in details. 让我们从细节层面看看如何创建一个叫br0的网桥。
### Get current network config ### 获取当前网络配置
You can view connection from the Network Manager GUI in settings: 你可以通过NetworkManager的图像界面来了解本机的网络连接:
[![Getting Network Info on Linux][1]][1] [![Getting Network Info on Linux][1]][1]
Another option is to type the following command: 也可以使用如下命令行来查看:
``` ```
$ nmcli con show $ nmcli con show
$ nmcli connection show --active $ nmcli connection show --active
``` ```
[![View the connections with nmcli][2]][2] [![View the connections with nmcli][2]][2]
I have a "Wired connection 1" which uses the eno1 Ethernet interface. My system has a VPN interface too. I am going to setup a bridge interface named br0 and add, (or enslave) an interface to eno1. 我有一个使用eno1网卡的“有线连接”。我的系统还有一个VPN接口。我将要创建一个名为br0的网桥，并连接一个网卡到eno1.
### How to create a bridge, named br0 ### 如何创建一个名为br0的网桥
``` ```
$ sudo nmcli con add ifname br0 type bridge con-name br0 $ sudo nmcli con add ifname br0 type bridge con-name br0
@ -53,13 +53,13 @@ $ sudo nmcli con add type bridge-slave ifname eno1 master br0
$ nmcli connection show $ nmcli connection show
``` ```
[![Create bridge interface using nmcli on Linux][3]][3] [![Create bridge interface using nmcli on Linux][3]][3]
You can disable STP too: 你也可以禁用STP:
``` ```
$ sudo nmcli con modify br0 bridge.stp no $ sudo nmcli con modify br0 bridge.stp no
$ nmcli con show $ nmcli con show
$ nmcli -f bridge con show br0 $ nmcli -f bridge con show br0
``` ```
The last command shows the bridge settings including disabled STP: 最后一条命令展示了禁用STP后的网桥参数:
``` ```
bridge.mac-address: -- bridge.mac-address: --
bridge.stp: no bridge.stp: no
@ -72,26 +72,26 @@ bridge.multicast-snooping: yes
``` ```
### How to turn on bridge interface ### 如何打开网桥
You must turn off "Wired connection 1" and turn on br0: 你必须先关闭"Wired connection 1" ，然后打开br0:
``` ```
$ sudo nmcli con down "Wired connection 1" $ sudo nmcli con down "Wired connection 1"
$ sudo nmcli con up br0 $ sudo nmcli con up br0
$ nmcli con show $ nmcli con show
``` ```
Use [ip command][4] to view the IP settings: 使用 [ip command][4] 来查看IP地址:
``` ```
$ ip a s $ ip a s
$ ip a s br0 $ ip a s br0
``` ```
[![Build a network bridge with nmcli on Linux][5]][5] [![Build a network bridge with nmcli on Linux][5]][5]
### Optional: How to use br0 with KVM ### 附录: 如何在KVM上使用br0
Now you can connect VMs (virtual machine) created with KVM/VirtualBox/VMware workstation to a network directly without using NAT. Create a file named br0.xml for KVM using vi command or [cat command][6]: 现在你可以使用KVM/VirtualBox/VMware workstation创建的VM（虚拟机）来直接连接网络而非通过NAT。使用vi或者cat命令[cat command][6]为虚拟机创建一个名为br0.xml的文件:
`$ cat /tmp/br0.xml` `$ cat /tmp/br0.xml`
Append the following code: 添加以下代码:
``` ```
<network> <network>
<name>br0</name> <name>br0</name>
@ -100,14 +100,14 @@ Append the following code:
</network> </network>
``` ```
Run virsh command as follows: 如下所示运行virsh命令:
``` ```
# virsh net-define /tmp/br0.xml # virsh net-define /tmp/br0.xml
# virsh net-start br0 # virsh net-start br0
# virsh net-autostart br0 # virsh net-autostart br0
# virsh net-list --all # virsh net-list --all
``` ```
Sample outputs: 输出样例:
``` ```
Name State Autostart Persistent Name State Autostart Persistent
---------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------
@ -116,22 +116,22 @@ Sample outputs:
``` ```
For more info read the following man page: 阅读man页面获取更多信息:
``` ```
$ man ip $ man ip
$ man nmcli $ man nmcli
``` ```
### about the author ### 关于作者
The author is the creator of nixCraft and a seasoned sysadmin and a trainer for the Linux operating system/Unix shell scripting. He has worked with global clients and in various industries, including IT, education, defense and space research, and the nonprofit sector. Follow him on [Twitter][7], [Facebook][8], [Google+][9]. 作者是nixCraft的创建者，老练的系统管理员和一个Linux/Unix shell脚本编程培训师。他为全球客户和各种公司工作，包括IT，教育，国防，空间研究以及非营利组织。 他的联系方式[Twitter][7], [Facebook][8], [Google+][9].
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出