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sources/tech/20151126 Linux FAQs with Answers--How to remove trailing whitespaces in a file on Linux.md
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Linux FAQs with Answers--How to remove trailing whitespaces in a file on Linux
================================================================================
> Question: I have a text file in which I need to remove all trailing whitespsaces (e.g., spaces and tabs) in each line for formatting purpose. Is there a quick and easy Linux command line tool I can use for this?
When you are writing code for your program, you must understand that there are standard coding styles to follow. For example, "trailing whitespaces" are typically considered evil because when they get into a code repository for revision control, they can cause a lot of problems and confusion (e.g., "false diffs"). Many IDEs and text editors are capable of highlighting and automatically trimming trailing whitepsaces at the end of each line.
Here are a few ways to **remove trailing whitespaces in Linux command-line environment**.
### Method One ###
A simple command line approach to remove unwanted whitespaces is via sed.
The following command deletes all spaces and tabs at the end of each line in input.java.
$ sed -i 's/[[:space:]]*$//' input.java
If there are multiple files that need trailing whitespaces removed, you can use a combination of find and sed. For example, the following command deletes trailing whitespaces in all *.java files recursively found in the current directory as well as all its sub-directories.
$ find . -name "*.java" -type f -print0 | xargs -0 sed -i 's/[[:space:]]*$//'
### Method Two ###
Vim text editor is able to highlight and trim whitespaces in a file as well.
To highlight all trailing whitespaces in a file, open the file with Vim editor and enable text highlighting by typing the following in Vim command line mode.
:set hlsearch
Then search for trailing whitespaces by typing:
/\s\+$
This will show all trailing spaces and tabs found throughout the file.
![](https://c1.staticflickr.com/1/757/23198657732_bc40e757b4_b.jpg)
Then to clean up all trailing whitespaces in a file with Vim, type the following Vim command.
:%s/\s\+$//
This command means substituting all whitespace characters found at the end of the line (\s\+$) with no character.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/remove-trailing-whitespaces-linux.html
作者：[Dan Nanni][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/author/nanni

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如何在 Ubuntu 16.04，15.10，14.04 中安装 GIMP 2.8.16
================================================================================
![GIMP 2.8.16](http://ubuntuhandbook.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/gimp-icon.png)
GIMP 图像编辑器 2.8.16 版本在其20岁生日时发布了。下面是如何安装或升级 GIMP 在 Ubuntu 16.04, Ubuntu 15.10, Ubuntu 14.04, Ubuntu 12.04 及其衍生版本中,如,Linux Mint 17.x/13, Elementary OS Freya。
GIMP 2.8.16 支持层组在 OpenRaster 文件中,修复了在 PSD 中的层组支持以及各种用户接口改进,OSX 系统修复构建并有许多新的变化。请阅读 [官方声明][1]。
![GIMP image editor 2.8,16](http://ubuntuhandbook.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/gimp-2-8-14.jpg)
### 如何安装或升级: ###
多亏了 Otto Meier，[Ubuntu PPA][2] 中最新的 GIMP 包可用于当前所有的 Ubuntu 版本和其衍生版。
**1. 添加 GIMP PPA**
从 Unity Dash 中打开终端,或通过 Ctrl+Alt+T 快捷键。在它打开它后,粘贴下面的命令并回车:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:otto-kesselgulasch/gimp
![add GIMP PPA](http://ubuntuhandbook.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/gimp-ppa.jpg)
输入你的密码,密码不会在终端显示,然后回车继续。
**2. 安装或升级编辑器**
在添加了 PPA 后,启动 **Software Updater**(在 Mint 中是 Software Manager)。检查更新后,你将看到 GIMP 的更新列表。点击 “Install Now” 进行升级。
![upgrade-gimp2816](http://ubuntuhandbook.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/upgrade-gimp2816.jpg)
对于那些喜欢 Linux 命令的,按顺序执行下面的命令，刷新仓库的缓存然后安装 GIMP:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gimp
**3. (可选的) 卸载**
如果你想卸载或降级 GIMP 图像编辑器。从软件中心直接删除它，或者按顺序运行下面的命令来将 PPA 清除并降级软件:
sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:otto-kesselgulasch/gimp
就这样。玩的愉快!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2015/11/how-to-install-gimp-2-8-16-in-ubuntu-16-04-15-10-14-04/
作者：[Ji m][a]
译者：[strugglingyouth](https://github.com/strugglingyouth)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/about/
[1]:http://www.gimp.org/news/2015/11/22/20-years-of-gimp-release-of-gimp-2816/
[2]:https://launchpad.net/~otto-kesselgulasch/+archive/ubuntu/gimp