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Merge from LCTT.
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7235616722
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||
[translating] blueabysm
|
||||
Moving a city to Linux requires political backing, says Munich project leader
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> Munich city authority has migrated almost 15,000 PCs from Windows NT to its own Linux distribution
|
||||
@ -62,4 +63,4 @@ via: http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9245353/Moving_a_city_to_Linux_requi
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.itworld.com/operating-systems/321474/switching-linux-saves-munich-over-11-million
|
||||
[1]:http://www.itworld.com/operating-systems/321474/switching-linux-saves-munich-over-11-million
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
|
||||
How to Add Beautiful Fonts to Any Linux Distribution
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**The following tutorial will teach all Linux users how to easily add beautiful fonts to their operating systems. We’ve written detailed instructions for Debian, Arch Linux, openSUSE, Slackware, and Fedora distributions.**
|
||||
|
||||
As many of you already know, the major drawback of almost all Linux-based operating systems is that the default selection of fonts is not satisfactory for end users, especially those who migrate from Windows or Mac OS X OSes.
|
||||
|
||||
Except for Ubuntu, which uses its own set of fonts that looks quite beautiful from the get-go, all the other Linux distributions suffer from ugly font disease. Because of this, many users tried to create new methods for improving text rendering in various distros.
|
||||
|
||||
This is the case of the Infinality project, whose main purpose is to add various patches in order to provide users with some of the nicest font renderings on any Linux-based operating system.
|
||||
|
||||
### Infinality for Arch Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
1. Add the infinality-bundle, infinality-bundle-multilib (for 64-bit users) and infinality-bundle-fonts repositories to your /etc/pacman.conf:
|
||||
|
||||
[infinality-bundle]
|
||||
Server = http://bohoomil.com/repo/$arch
|
||||
|
||||
[infinality-bundle-multilib]
|
||||
Server = http://bohoomil.com/repo/multilib/$arch
|
||||
|
||||
[infinality-bundle-fonts]
|
||||
Server = http://bohoomil.com/repo/fonts
|
||||
|
||||
2. Execute the sudo pacman -Syu command to refresh the repositories, then run the `sudo pacman -S infinality-bundle infinality-bundle-multilib ibfonts-meta-extended` (for 64-bit systems) or `sudo pacman -S infinality-bundle ibfonts-meta-extended` (for 32-bit systems).
|
||||
|
||||
3. Answer YES when asked if you want to replace freetype2 of fontconfig packages. Reboot your computer when finished.
|
||||
|
||||
### Infinality for Fedora ###
|
||||
|
||||
1. Execute the following commands in a terminal window:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo rpm -Uvh http://www.infinality.net/fedora/linux/infinality-repo-1.0-1.noarch.rpm
|
||||
sudo yum install freetype-infinality fontconfig-infinality
|
||||
|
||||
2. Reboot your machine.
|
||||
|
||||
### Infinality for openSUSE ###
|
||||
|
||||
1. Add the official Infinality repository `http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/namtrac:/subpixel/openSUSE_13.1/`, open the Repositories tab in YaST, select the namtrac:subpixel repository, and click on “Switch system packages to the versions in this repository.”
|
||||
|
||||
2. Mark for installation all the packages from the namtrac:subpixel that are not installed, then install the fontconfig-infinality package from the official openSUSE repositories.
|
||||
|
||||
3. Set the Subpixel Hinting option to “Use system settings” in the font configuration options, or set it to RGB order with Slight hinting. Reboot your system.
|
||||
|
||||
### Infinality for Slackware ###
|
||||
|
||||
Detailed installation instructions are provided at [http://someslack.wordpress.com/infinality-on-slackware/][1]
|
||||
|
||||
### Infinality for Debian ###
|
||||
|
||||
1. Execute the following commands in a terminal (one by one, hitting Enter after each one):
|
||||
|
||||
echo “deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/no1wantdthisname/ppa/ubuntu raring main” | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/infinality.list
|
||||
echo “deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/no1wantdthisname/ppa/ubuntu raring main” | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/infinality.list
|
||||
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys E985B27B
|
||||
|
||||
2. Run the following commands to update your system and install the Infinality packages:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get upgrade
|
||||
sudo apt-get install fontconfig-infinality
|
||||
|
||||
3. Restart your computer.
|
||||
|
||||
For any other Linux distribution that is not listed above, please use the official instructions provided at [https://github.com/Infinality/fontconfig-infinality/tree/master/infinality][2]. As usual, do not hesitate to drop a comment below if you encounter any issues with this tutorial.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/How-to-Add-Beautiful-Fonts-to-Any-Linux-Distribution-434835.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://someslack.wordpress.com/infinality-on-slackware/
|
||||
[2]:https://github.com/Infinality/fontconfig-infinality/tree/master/infinality
|
||||
@ -1,141 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Linux and Unix nload App: Monitor Network Traffic and Bandwidth Usage In Real Time
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
If you want to monitor network throughput on the command line interface, use nload application. It is a console application which monitors network traffic and bandwidth usage in real time. It visualizes the in and outgoing traffic using two graphs and provides additional info like total amount of transferred data and min/max network usage.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install nload on a CentOS/RHEL/Red Hat/Fedora Linux ####
|
||||
|
||||
First, [turn on EPEL repo on a CentOS or RHEL][1] based system. Type the following [yum command][2] to install nload:
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install nload
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install nload on a Debian or Ubuntu Linux ####
|
||||
|
||||
Type the following [apt-get command][3]:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install nload
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install nload on a FreeBSD system ####
|
||||
|
||||
To install the nload via port, type:
|
||||
|
||||
# cd /usr/ports/net/nload/ && make install clean
|
||||
|
||||
Or add the package
|
||||
|
||||
# pkg install net/nload
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install nload on a OpenBSD system ####
|
||||
|
||||
Type the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo pkg_add -i nload
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install nload using a source code on a Unix-like systems ####
|
||||
|
||||
First, grab the source code using either wget command or curl command:
|
||||
|
||||
$ cd /tmp
|
||||
$ wget http://www.roland-riegel.de/nload/nload-0.7.4.tar.gz
|
||||
|
||||
To [untar a tar file called nload-0.7.4.tar.gz, use tar command][4], enter:
|
||||
|
||||
$ tar xvf nload-0.7.4.tar.gz
|
||||
|
||||
Cd to the directory containing the nloads's source code using cd command:
|
||||
|
||||
$ cd nload*
|
||||
|
||||
And type ./configure to configure the package for your system:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sh ./configure
|
||||
|
||||
OR
|
||||
|
||||
$ ./configure
|
||||
|
||||
Running configure takes a while. Type make command to compile the nload:
|
||||
|
||||
$ make
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, type make install to install the nload programs and related files as root user:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo make install
|
||||
|
||||
OR
|
||||
|
||||
# make install
|
||||
|
||||
How do I use nload to display the current network usage?
|
||||
|
||||
The basic syntax is:
|
||||
|
||||
nload
|
||||
nload device
|
||||
nload [options] device1 device2
|
||||
|
||||
Just type the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
$ nload
|
||||
$ nload eth0
|
||||
$ nload em0 em2
|
||||
|
||||
Sample outputs:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Fig. 01: nload command in action
|
||||
|
||||
#### Controlling nload app ####
|
||||
|
||||
Once nload command executed, it begins to monitor the network devices. You can control nload with the following key shortcuts:
|
||||
|
||||
1. You can switch between the devices by pressing the left and right arrow keys or Enter/Tab key.
|
||||
1. Press F2 to show the option window
|
||||
1. Press F5 to save current settings to the user’s config file.
|
||||
1. Press F6 reload settings from the config files.
|
||||
1. Press q or hit Ctrl+C to quit nload.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Setting the refresh interval of the display ####
|
||||
|
||||
The default value of interval is 100 milliseconds to refresh interval of the display. In this example, change to 500 milliseconds:
|
||||
|
||||
$ nload -t {interval_number_in_millisec}
|
||||
$ nload -t 500
|
||||
|
||||
Sample outputs:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Animated gif 01 - nload command in action
|
||||
|
||||
#### Setting the type of unit used for the display of traffic numbers ####
|
||||
|
||||
The syntax is:
|
||||
|
||||
$ nload -u h|H|b|B|k|K|m|M|g|G
|
||||
$ nload -U h|H|b|B|k|K|m|M|g|G
|
||||
$ nload -u h
|
||||
$ nload -u G
|
||||
$ nload -U G
|
||||
|
||||
Where,
|
||||
|
||||
- The lower case -u option: h means human readable (auto), b Bit/s, k kBit/s, m MBit/s and g GBit/s. The upper case letters mean the corresponding units in Bytes (instead of Bits). The default is k.
|
||||
- The upper case -U option is same as lower case -u option, but for an amount of data, e.g. Bit, kByte, GBit etc. (without "/s"). The default is M.
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion ###
|
||||
|
||||
I found nload to be reliable and stable application. If you enjoyed nload, you might also like to try out vnstat and iftop tools on Linux/Unix-like systems.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.cyberciti.biz/networking/nload-linux-command-to-monitor-network-traffic-bandwidth-usage/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/fedora-sl-centos-redhat6-enable-epel-repo/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/rhel-centos-fedora-linux-yum-command-howto/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-debian-package-management-cheat-sheet.html
|
||||
[4]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/tar-extract-linux/
|
||||
@ -1,31 +1,31 @@
|
||||
8 examples of findmnt command to check mounted file systems on Linux
|
||||
检查Linux中已挂载的文件系统的findmnt命令的8个例子
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
### Mounted file systems and devices ###
|
||||
### 已挂载的文件系统和设备 ###
|
||||
|
||||
The more common command to check mounted file systems on linux is the mount command which is used to not only list mounted devices, but also mount and unmount them as and when needed. Here is another nifty command called findmnt, that can be used to take a quick look at what is mounted where and with what options.
|
||||
linux中更常用的检查已挂载的文件系统的是mount命令，不仅用于列出已挂载的设备，而且可以在需要的时候挂载和卸载。这有一个叫做findmnt的俏皮的命令，它可以用于快速查看挂载位置和选项。
|
||||
|
||||
### Install findmnt ###
|
||||
### 安装findmnt ###
|
||||
|
||||
The findmnt command comes from the packages util-linux which is installed by default on most distros like Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian
|
||||
findmnt命令来自util-linux软件包，默认安装在大多数像Ubuntu，Fedora，Debian发行版
|
||||
|
||||
$ aptitude search util-linux
|
||||
i util-linux - Miscellaneous system utilities
|
||||
|
||||
$ yum info util-linux
|
||||
|
||||
### Using findmnt ###
|
||||
### 使用findmnt ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1. List the file systems ####
|
||||
#### 1. 列出文件系统 ####
|
||||
|
||||
Running findmnt without any options would simply list out all the mounted file systems in a tree style layout.
|
||||
执行没有任何选项的findmnt将简单的在树形结构中列出所有已挂载的文件系统。
|
||||
|
||||
$ findmnt
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2. Output in list format ####
|
||||
#### 2. 以列表形式输出 ####
|
||||
|
||||
The output can be formatted as a plain list, instead of the default tree style, using the l option making it convenient to read.
|
||||
输出可以格式化为一个简单的列表，而不是默认的树形结构，使用l（键盘u和o中间那个，不是数字1）选项使它方便阅读。
|
||||
|
||||
$ findmnt -l
|
||||
TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
|
||||
@ -51,9 +51,9 @@ The output can be formatted as a plain list, instead of the default tree style,
|
||||
/sys/fs/cgroup/systemd systemd cgroup rw,nosu
|
||||
/run/user/1000/gvfs gvfsd-fuse fuse.gv rw,nosu
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3. df style output ####
|
||||
#### 3. df格式输出 ####
|
||||
|
||||
Findmnt can produce a df style output reporting free and used disk space with the "-D" or "--df" option.
|
||||
Findmnt可以用“-D”或“-df”选项创造一个df格式的输出报告空闲和已用磁盘空间。
|
||||
|
||||
$ findmnt -D
|
||||
SOURCE FSTYPE SIZE USED AVAIL USE% TARGET
|
||||
@ -66,11 +66,11 @@ Findmnt can produce a df style output reporting free and used disk space with th
|
||||
tmpfs tmpfs 1001.5M 60K 1001.5M 0% /tmp
|
||||
/dev/sda1 ext4 476.2M 107.7M 339.6M 23% /boot
|
||||
|
||||
Note that the above option is not available till util-linux version 2.20, which happened to be the latest version on Ubuntu 13.10
|
||||
注意以上选项直到util-linux2.20版本都不可用，碰巧的是最新版在Ubuntu13.10
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4. Read file systems from fstab ####
|
||||
#### 4. 从fstab读取文件系统 ####
|
||||
|
||||
With the '-s' or '--fstab' option, findmnt shall read file systems only from the /etc/fstab file and /etc/fstab.d directory.
|
||||
使用“-s”或“-fstab”选项，findmnt将只从/etc/fstab文件和/etc/fstab.d目录读取文件系统。
|
||||
|
||||
$ findmnt -s
|
||||
TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
|
||||
@ -78,19 +78,18 @@ With the '-s' or '--fstab' option, findmnt shall read file systems only from the
|
||||
/boot UUID=18cde604-1c65-4ec8-8a8d-385df50ada3b ext4 defaults
|
||||
swap /dev/mapper/fedora-swap swap defaults
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5. Filter filesystems by type ####
|
||||
#### 5. 通过类型过滤文件系统 ####
|
||||
|
||||
Findmnt can print out only specific file systems based on the type, for example ext4.
|
||||
Multiple system types can be specified separated by a comma.
|
||||
Findmnt可以打印出只基于类型的特定的文件系统，例如ext4，多个系统类型可以指定一个逗号分隔。
|
||||
|
||||
$ findmnt -t ext4
|
||||
TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
|
||||
/ /dev/mapper/fedora-root ext4 rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered
|
||||
└─/boot /dev/sda1 ext4 rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6. Raw output ####
|
||||
#### 6. 原始输出 ####
|
||||
|
||||
If you prefer a raw style ugly looking output then use the '-r' or '--raw' option.
|
||||
如果你喜欢原始风格难看的输出，那么使用“-r”或“--raw”选项。
|
||||
|
||||
$ findmnt --raw
|
||||
TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
|
||||
@ -116,17 +115,17 @@ If you prefer a raw style ugly looking output then use the '-r' or '--raw' optio
|
||||
|
||||
That looks very neat
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7. Search by source device ####
|
||||
#### 7. 通过源设备查找 ####
|
||||
|
||||
To find the file system by the source device, specify the device path with or without the '-S' option
|
||||
通过源设备查找文件系统，指定设备路径包括/不包括“-S”选项。
|
||||
|
||||
$ findmnt -S /dev/sda1
|
||||
TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
|
||||
/boot /dev/sda1 ext4 rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered
|
||||
|
||||
#### 8. Search by mount point ####
|
||||
#### 8. 通过挂载点查找 ####
|
||||
|
||||
To search file system by the mount directory , specify the directory with or without the '-T'/'--target' option.
|
||||
通过挂载目录查找文件系统，指定目录包括/不包括“-T /--target”选项。
|
||||
|
||||
$ findmnt -T /
|
||||
TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
|
||||
@ -136,14 +135,14 @@ To search file system by the mount directory , specify the directory with or wit
|
||||
TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
|
||||
/media/4668484A68483B47 /dev/sda5 fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0
|
||||
|
||||
### Summary ###
|
||||
### 总结 ###
|
||||
|
||||
That was a little introduction to the findmnt command. There are few more options supported by findmnt which can be found in the man page.
|
||||
这是一个findmnt命令的简要介绍。findmnt更多的选项可以在man手册页中找到。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.binarytides.com/linux-findmnt-command/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[Vito](https://github.com/vito-L) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
|
||||
如何给任何Linux发行版添加漂亮的字体
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**接下来的教程将教所有的Linux用户怎么简单的将漂亮的字体添加到自己的操作系统。我们已经为Debian，Arch Linux，openSUSE，Slackware和Fedora发行版编写了详细的介绍。**
|
||||
|
||||
正如你们许多人已经知道的，几乎所有基于Linux操作系统的主要缺点就是默认选择的字体并不令最终的用户满意，尤其是那些从Windows或者Mac OS X等操作系统迁移过来的用户。
|
||||
|
||||
除了使用自己的一套字体使它一开始就看起来相当漂亮的Ubuntu，其他的所有Linux发行版都有丑陋字体的毛病。正因如此，许多用户试图创建一种新的方法来增强文字在各个发行版中渲染效果。
|
||||
|
||||
这就是Infinality项目产生的原因，其主要目的是通过添加补丁来为使用任何基于Linux的操作系统的用户提供最好的字体渲染效果。
|
||||
|
||||
### Infinality for Arch Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
1. 将infinality-bundle，infinality-bundle-multilib （用于使用64位系统的用户）和infinality-bundle-fonts仓库添加到你的 /etc/pacman.conf文件中：
|
||||
|
||||
[infinality-bundle]
|
||||
Server = http://bohoomil.com/repo/$arch
|
||||
|
||||
[infinality-bundle-multilib]
|
||||
Server = http://bohoomil.com/repo/multilib/$arch
|
||||
|
||||
[infinality-bundle-fonts]
|
||||
Server = http://bohoomil.com/repo/fonts
|
||||
|
||||
2. 执行 sudo pacman -Syu 命令用来刷新仓库，然后运行 `sudo pacman -S infinality-bundle infinality-bundle-multilib ibfonts-meta-extended` （用于64位系统） 或者 `sudo pacman -S infinality-bundle ibfonts-meta-extended` （用于32位系统）。
|
||||
|
||||
3. 当被询问是否替换fontconfig软件包的freetype2时，回答YES。完成后重启你的计算机。
|
||||
|
||||
### Infinality for Fedora ###
|
||||
|
||||
1. 在终端窗口中执行如下命令
|
||||
|
||||
sudo rpm -Uvh http://www.infinality.net/fedora/linux/infinality-repo-1.0-1.noarch.rpm
|
||||
sudo yum install freetype-infinality fontconfig-infinality
|
||||
|
||||
2. 重启你的机器。
|
||||
|
||||
### Infinality for openSUSE ###
|
||||
|
||||
1. 添加Infinality官方仓库 `http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/namtrac:/subpixel/openSUSE_13.1/` ，打开YaST中的库选项卡，选择namtrac:subpixel仓库，并打击“切换系统包的版本到这个仓库”。
|
||||
|
||||
2. 标记namtrac:subpixel中所有还没有安装的包来进行安装，然后从openSUSE官方软件仓库中安装fontconfig-infinality包。
|
||||
|
||||
3. 在字体设置选项里将Subpixel Hinting选择为“使用系统涉资”，或者设置为带有微调的RGB顺序。重启你的系统。
|
||||
|
||||
### Infinality for Slackware ###
|
||||
|
||||
详细的安装指南在[http://someslack.wordpress.com/infinality-on-slackware/][1]被提供。
|
||||
|
||||
### Infinality for Debian ###
|
||||
|
||||
1. 在终端中执行下面的命令（一个一个执行，每一行之后敲击回车）：
|
||||
|
||||
echo “deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/no1wantdthisname/ppa/ubuntu raring main” | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/infinality.list
|
||||
echo “deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/no1wantdthisname/ppa/ubuntu raring main” | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/infinality.list
|
||||
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys E985B27B
|
||||
|
||||
2. 执行以下命令来升级你的系统并安装Infinality包：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get upgrade
|
||||
sudo apt-get install fontconfig-infinality
|
||||
|
||||
3. 重启你的计算机。
|
||||
|
||||
如果任何其他的Linux发行版在上文中没有被提到的话，请使用官方的介绍：[https://github.com/Infinality/fontconfig-infinality/tree/master/infinality][2]。通常，当你使用本教程过程中遇到任何问题都可以在下面评论，不要犹豫。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/How-to-Add-Beautiful-Fonts-to-Any-Linux-Distribution-434835.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[SCUSJS](https://github.com/scusjs) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://someslack.wordpress.com/infinality-on-slackware/
|
||||
[2]:https://github.com/Infinality/fontconfig-infinality/tree/master/infinality
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
|
||||
Linux 和 Unix 下 nload 应用程序：实时监控网络流量和带宽使用
|
||||
=================================================================================
|
||||
如果你想在命令行界面监控网络吞吐量，nload 应用程序是个不错的选择。它是一个实时监控网络流量和带宽使用的控制台应用程序，使用两个图表可视化地展示接收和发送的流量，并提供诸如数据交换总量、最小/最大网络带宽使用量等附加信息。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在 CentOS/RHEL/Red Hat/Fedora Linux 上安装 nload ####
|
||||
|
||||
首先在 CentOS 或者基于 RHEL 的操作系统上[启用 EPEL 仓库][1]，然后键入 [yum 命令][2]安装 nload：
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install nload
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在 Debian 或者 Ubuntu Linux 上安装 nload ####
|
||||
|
||||
键入 [apt-get 命令][3]：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install nload
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在 FreeBSD 操作系统上安装 nload ####
|
||||
|
||||
通过 port 安装 nload，键入：
|
||||
|
||||
# cd /usr/ports/net/nload/ && make install clean
|
||||
|
||||
或者添加包
|
||||
|
||||
# pkg install net/nload
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在 OpenBSD 操作系统上安装 nload ####
|
||||
|
||||
键入下列命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo pkg_add -i nload
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在类 Unix 操作系统上从源代码安装 nload ####
|
||||
|
||||
首先，使用 wget 或者 curl 命令获取源代码：
|
||||
|
||||
$ cd /tmp
|
||||
$ wget http://www.roland-riegel.de/nload/nload-0.7.4.tar.gz
|
||||
|
||||
[使用 tar 命令解压缩名为 nload-0.7.4.tar.gz 的 tar 包][4]，键入：
|
||||
|
||||
$ tar xvf nload-0.7.4.tar.gz
|
||||
|
||||
使用 cd 命令进入 nload 源代码所在目录：
|
||||
|
||||
$ cd nload*
|
||||
|
||||
然后键入 ./configure 为你的操作系统配置安装包：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sh ./configure
|
||||
|
||||
或者
|
||||
|
||||
$ ./configure
|
||||
|
||||
运行 configure 命令需要一点时间。完成后，使用 make 命令编译 nload：
|
||||
|
||||
$ make
|
||||
|
||||
最后，键入 make install 命令以 root 用户身份安装 nload 应用程序和相关文件：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo make install
|
||||
|
||||
或者
|
||||
|
||||
# make install
|
||||
|
||||
如何使用 nload 显示当前网络使用量呢？
|
||||
|
||||
基本语法是：
|
||||
|
||||
nload
|
||||
nload device
|
||||
nload [options] device1 device2
|
||||
|
||||
键入下列命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ nload
|
||||
$ nload eth0
|
||||
$ nload em0 em2
|
||||
|
||||
会得到输出：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
图01: 使用 nload 命令
|
||||
|
||||
#### 操控 nload 应用程序 ####
|
||||
|
||||
nload 命令一旦执行就会开始监控网络设备，你可以使用下列快捷键操控 nload 应用程序。
|
||||
|
||||
1. 你可以按键盘上的 ← → 或者 Enter/Tab 键在设备间切换。
|
||||
1. 按 F2 显示选项窗口。
|
||||
1. 按 F5 将当前设置保存到用户配置文件。
|
||||
1. 按 F6 从配置文件重新加载设置。
|
||||
1. 按 q 或者 Ctrl+C 退出 nload。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 设置显示刷新间隔 ####
|
||||
|
||||
默认每 100 毫秒刷新一次显示数值，下面的例子将时间间隔设置成 500 毫秒：
|
||||
|
||||
$ nload -t {interval_number_in_millisec}
|
||||
$ nload -t 500
|
||||
|
||||
输出：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
GIF 动画 01 - 使用 nload 命令
|
||||
|
||||
#### 设置流量数值显示的单位 ####
|
||||
|
||||
语法如下：
|
||||
|
||||
$ nload -u h|H|b|B|k|K|m|M|g|G
|
||||
$ nload -U h|H|b|B|k|K|m|M|g|G
|
||||
$ nload -u h
|
||||
$ nload -u G
|
||||
$ nload -U G
|
||||
|
||||
释义：
|
||||
|
||||
- 小写选项 -u: h 意为自动格式化为人类易读的单位，b 意为 Bit/s，k 意为 kBit/s，m 意为 MBit/s，g 意为 GBit/s。大写字母意为使用 Byte 替代 Bit。默认为 k。
|
||||
- 大写选项 -U 与小写选项 -u 非常相似，不同之处在于它展示的是数据量，比如 Bit, kByte, GBit 等等。（没有 "/s"）。默认值是 M。
|
||||
|
||||
### 结论 ###
|
||||
|
||||
我觉得 nload 是一个稳定可靠的应用程序，如果你喜欢 nload，你可能也想试试 Linux 和其他类 Unix 操作系统环境下的 vnstat 与 iftop 工具。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
译自: http://www.cyberciti.biz/networking/nload-linux-command-to-monitor-network-traffic-bandwidth-usage/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[blueabysm](https://github.com/blueabysm) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/fedora-sl-centos-redhat6-enable-epel-repo/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/rhel-centos-fedora-linux-yum-command-howto/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-debian-package-management-cheat-sheet.html
|
||||
[4]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/tar-extract-linux/
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user