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20150127-1 选题
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How to limit network bandwidth on Linux
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================================================================================
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If you often run multiple networking applications on your Linux desktop, or share bandwidth among multiple computers at home, you will want to have a better control over bandwidth usage. Otherwise, when you are downloading a big file with a downloader, your interactive SSH session may become sluggish to the point where it's unusable. Or when you sync a big folder over Dropbox, your roommate may complain that video streaming at her computer gets choppy.
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In this tutorial, I am going to describe two different ways to rate limit network traffic on Linux.
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### Rate Limit an Application on Linux ###
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One way to rate limit network traffic is via a command-line tool called [trickle][1]. The trickle command allows you to shape the traffic of any particular program by "pre-loading" a rate-limited socket library at run-time. A nice thing about trickle is that it runs purely in user-space, meaning you don't need root privilege to restrict the bandwidth usage of a program. To be compatible with trickle, the program must use socket interface with no statically linked library. trickle can be handy when you want to rate limit a program which does not have a built-in bandwidth control functionality.
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To install trickle on Ubuntu, Debian and their derivatives:
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$ sudo apt-get install trickle
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To install trickle on Fedora or CentOS/RHEL (with [EPEL repository][2]):
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$ sudo yum install trickle
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Basic usage of trickle is as follows. Simply put, you prepend trickle (with rate) in front of the command you are trying to run.
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$ trickle -d <download-rate> -u <upload-rate> <command>
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This will limit the download and upload rate of <command> to specified values (in KBytes/s).
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For example, set the maximum upload bandwidth of your scp session to 100 KB/s:
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$ trickle -u 100 scp backup.tgz alice@remote_host.com:
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If you want, you can set the maximum download speed (e.g., 300 KB/s) of your Firefox browser by creating a [custom launcher][3] with the following command.
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trickle -d 300 firefox %u
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Finally, trickle can run in a daemon mode, where it can restrict the "aggregate" bandwidth usage of all running programs launched via trickle. To launch trickle as a daemon (i.e., trickled):
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$ sudo trickled -d 1000
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Once the trickled daemon is running in the background, you can launch other programs via trickle. If you launch one program with trickle, its maximum download rate is 1000 KB/s. If you launch another program with trickle, each of them will be rate limited to 500 KB/s, etc.
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### Rate Limit a Network Interface on Linux ###
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Another way to control your bandwidth resource is to enforce bandwidth limit on a per-interface basis. This is useful when you are sharing your upstream Internet connection with someone else. Like anything else, Linux has a tool for you. [wondershaper][4] exactly does that: rate-limit a network interface.
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wondershaper is in fact a shell script which uses [tc][5] to define traffic shaping and QoS for a specific network interface. Outgoing traffic is shaped by being placed in queues with different priorities, while incoming traffic is rate-limited by packet dropping.
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In fact, the stated goal of wondershaper is much more than just adding bandwidth cap to an interface. wondershaper tries to maintain low latency for interactive sessions such as SSH while bulk download or upload is going on. Also, it makes sure that bulk upload (e.g., Dropbox sync) does not suffocate download, and vice versa.
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To install wondershaper on Ubuntu, Debian and their derivatives:
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$ sudo apt-get install wondershaper
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To install wondershaper on Fedora or CentOS/RHEL (with [EPEL repository][6]):
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$ sudo yum install wondershaper
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Basic usage of wondershaper is as follows.
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$ sudo wondershaper <interface> <download-rate> <upload-rate>
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For example, to set the maximum download/upload bandwidth for eth0 to 1000Kbit/s and 500Kbit/s, respectively:
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$ sudo wondershaper eth0 1000 500
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You can remove the rate limit by running:
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$ sudo wondershaper clear eth0
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If you are interested in how wondershaper works, you can read its shell script (/sbin/wondershaper).
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### Conclusion ###
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In this tutorial, I introduced two different ways to control your bandwidth usages on Linux desktop, on per-application or per-interface basis. Both tools are extremely user-friendly, offering you a quick and easy way to shape otherwise unconstrained traffic. For those of you who want to know more about rate control on Linux, refer to [the Linux bible][7].
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://xmodulo.com/limit-network-bandwidth-linux.html
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作者：[Dan Nanni][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/nanni
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[1]:http://monkey.org/~marius/trickle
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[2]:http://xmodulo.com/how-to-set-up-epel-repository-on-centos.html
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[3]:http://xmodulo.com/create-desktop-shortcut-launcher-linux.html
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[4]:http://lartc.org/wondershaper/
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[5]:http://lartc.org/manpages/tc.txt
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[6]:http://xmodulo.com/how-to-set-up-epel-repository-on-centos.html
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[7]:http://www.lartc.org/lartc.html
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Install Jetty Web Server On CentOS 7
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[Jetty][1] is a pure Java-based HTTP **(Web) server** and Java Servlet container. Jetty is now often used for machine to machine communications, usually within larger software frameworks. But the other Web Servers are usually associated with serving documents to humans. Jetty is developed as a free and open source project as part of the Eclipse Foundation. The web server is used in products such as Apache ActiveMQ, Alfresco, Apache Geronimo, Apache Maven, Apache Spark, Google App Engine, Eclipse, FUSE, Twitter’s Streaming API and Zimbra.
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This article explains ‘How to install jetty web server in your CentOS server’.
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**First of all we have to install java JDK, By the following command:**
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yum -y install java-1.7.0-openjdk wget
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**After the JDK installation, We will download the latest version of Jetty:**
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wget http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-9/dist/jetty-distribution-9.2.5.v20141112.tar.gz
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**Extract and move the the downloaded package to /opt:**
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tar zxvf jetty-distribution-9.2.5.v20141112.tar.gz -C /opt/
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**Rename the file name to jetty:**
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mv /opt/jetty-distribution-9.2.5.v20141112/ /opt/jetty
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**Create a user called jetty:**
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useradd -m jetty
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**Change the ownership of jetty:**
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chown -R jetty:jetty /opt/jetty/
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**Make a Symlink jetty.sh to /etc/init.d directory to create a start up script file:**
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ln -s /opt/jetty/bin/jetty.sh /etc/init.d/jetty
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**Add script:**
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chkconfig --add jetty
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**Make the jetty web server auto starts on system boot:**
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chkconfig --level 345 jetty on
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**Open /etc/default/jetty in your favorite editor and replace port and listening address desired value:**
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vi /etc/default/jetty
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JETTY_HOME=/opt/jetty
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JETTY_USER=jetty
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JETTY_PORT=8080
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JETTY_HOST=50.116.24.78
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JETTY_LOGS=/opt/jetty/logs/
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**We finished the installation, Now you have to start the jetty service.**
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service jetty start
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All done!
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Now you can access jetty web sever in **http://<youripaddress>:8080**
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That’s it!
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Cheers!!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.unixmen.com/install-jetty-web-server-centos-7/
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作者：[Jijo][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.unixmen.com/author/jijo/
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[1]:http://eclipse.org/jetty/
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LinSSID – A Graphical Wi-Fi Scanner for Linux
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### Introduction ###
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As you may know, **LinSSID** is a simple graphical software that can be used to find the wireless networks available.It is completely open source, written in C++ using Linux wireless tools, Qt5, and Qwt 6.1., and is similar to **Inssider** (MS Windows) in terms of look and functionality.
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### Installation ###
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You can install it either using source, or using a PPA if you use DEB based systems such as Ubuntu, and LinuxMint etc.
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You can download and install LinSSID using source packages from [this link][1].
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Here, we will install and test this software on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS using PPA.
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Add the LinSSID PPA, and install it by typing.
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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:wseverin/ppa
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get install linssid
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### Usage ###
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Once you installed, launch it either from menu or unity.
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You”ll be asked to enter the administrative user password of your system.
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This is how LinSSID interface looks.
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Now, select the network interface you used to connect to the Wireless networks, for example wlan0 in my case. Click the Play button to search the list of available wi-fi networks.
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After a new seconds, LinSSID will display the wi-fi networks.
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As you see in the above screenshot, LinSSID displays the details of SSID names, MAC Id, Channel, Privacy, Cipher, Signal, and Protocol etc. Ofcourse, you can make LinSSID to display more options such as Security, bandwidth details etc. To do that, go to **View** menu, and select the desired option. Also, it displays the graphs of signal strength by channel and over time. Additionally, It works both on 2.4Ghz, and 5Ghz channels.
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That’s it. Hope this tool will useful for you.
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Cheers!!
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Reference Links:
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- [LinSSID Homepage][2]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.unixmen.com/linssid-graphical-wi-fi-scanner-linux/
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作者：[SK][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.unixmen.com/author/sk/
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[1]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/linssid/files/
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[2]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/linssid/
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