From 9a22b74beb9e42a8ea7fc2b6ac701f1731793155 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E6=9D=8E=E5=8D=9A?= <1594914459@qq.com> Date: Mon, 29 Apr 2019 12:11:10 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 1/5] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=94=B3=E9=A2=86=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- sources/tech/20190401 What is 5G- How is it better than 4G.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20190401 What is 5G- How is it better than 4G.md b/sources/tech/20190401 What is 5G- How is it better than 4G.md index f4ad51b8ae..a5472f9e6e 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20190401 What is 5G- How is it better than 4G.md +++ b/sources/tech/20190401 What is 5G- How is it better than 4G.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ [#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: ( ) +[#]: translator: (warmfrog) [#]: reviewer: ( ) [#]: publisher: ( ) [#]: url: ( ) From 22ba8a508688b44f85b32458b7c99e066ff25e37 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E6=9D=8E=E5=8D=9A?= <1594914459@qq.com> Date: Mon, 29 Apr 2019 18:24:43 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 2/5] delete 5G --- ...01 What is 5G- How is it better than 4G.md | 171 ------------------ 1 file changed, 171 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20190401 What is 5G- How is it better than 4G.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20190401 What is 5G- How is it better than 4G.md b/sources/tech/20190401 What is 5G- How is it better than 4G.md deleted file mode 100644 index a5472f9e6e..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20190401 What is 5G- How is it better than 4G.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,171 +0,0 @@ -[#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: (warmfrog) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) -[#]: subject: (What is 5G? How is it better than 4G?) -[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3203489/what-is-5g-how-is-it-better-than-4g.html#tk.rss_all) -[#]: author: (Josh Fruhlinger https://www.networkworld.com/author/Josh-Fruhlinger/) - -What is 5G? How is it better than 4G? -====== - -### 5G networks will boost wireless throughput by a factor of 10 and may replace wired broadband. But when will they be available, and why are 5G and IoT so linked together? - -![Thinkstock][1] - -[5G wireless][2] is an umbrella term to describe a set of standards and technologies for a radically faster wireless internet that ideally is up to 20 times faster with 120 times less latency than 4G, setting the stage for IoT networking advances and support for new high-bandwidth applications. - -## What is 5G? Technology or buzzword? - -It will be years before the technology reaches its full potential worldwide, but meanwhile some 5G network services are being rolled out today. 5G is as much a marketing buzzword as a technical term, and not all services marketed as 5G are standard. - -**[From Mobile World Congress:[The time of 5G is almost here][3].]** - -## 5G speed vs 4G - -With every new generation of wireless technology, the biggest appeal is increased speed. 5G networks have potential peak download speeds of [20 Gbps, with 10 Gbps being seen as typical][4]. That's not just faster than current 4G networks, which currently top out at around 1 Gbps, but also faster than cable internet connections that deliver broadband to many people's homes. 5G offers network speeds that rival optical-fiber connections. - -Throughput alone isn't 5G's only important speed improvement; it also features a huge reduction in network latency*.* That's an important distinction: throughput measures how long it would take to download a large file, while latency is determined by network bottlenecks and delays that slow down responses in back-and-forth communication. - -Latency can be difficult to quantify because it varies based on myriad network conditions, but 5G networks are capable of latency rates that are less than a millisecond in ideal conditions. Overall, 5G latency will be lower than 4G's by a factor of 60 to 120. That will make possible a number of applications such as virtual reality that delay makes impractical today. - -## 5G technology - -The technology underpinnings of 5G are defined by a series of standards that have been in the works for the better part of a decade. One of the most important of these is 5G New Radio, or 5G NR*,* formalized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project, a standards organization that develops protocols for mobile telephony. 5G NR will dictate many of the ways in which consumer 5G devices will operate, and was [finalized in June of 2018][5]. - -**[[Take this mobile device management course from PluralSight and learn how to secure devices in your company without degrading the user experience.][6] ]** - -A number of individual technologies have come together to make the speed and latency improvements of 5G possible, and below are some of the most important. - -## Millimeter waves - -5G networks will for the most part use frequencies in the 30 to 300 GHz range. (Wavelengths at these frequencies are between 1 and 10 millimeters, thus the name.) This high-frequency band can [carry much more information per unit of time than the lower-frequency signals][7] currently used by 4G LTE, which is generally below 1 GHz, or Wi-Fi, which tops out at 6 GHz. - -Millimeter-wave technology has traditionally been expensive and difficult to deploy. Technical advances have overcome those difficulties, which is part of what's made 5G possible today. - -## Small cells - -One drawback of millimeter wave transmission is that it's more prone to interference than Wi-Fi or 4G signals as they pass through physical objects. - -To overcome this, the model for 5G infrastructure will be different from 4G's. Instead of the large cellular-antenna masts we've come to accept as part of the landscape, 5G networks will be powered by [much smaller base stations spread throughout cities about 250 meters apart][8], creating cells of service that are also smaller. - -These 5G base stations have lower power requirements than those for 4G and can be attached to buildings and utility poles more easily. - -## Massive MIMO - -Despite 5G base stations being much smaller than their 4G counterparts, they pack in many more antennas. These antennas are [multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)][9], meaning that they can handle multiple two-way conversations over the same data signal simultaneously. 5G networks can handle more than [20 times more conversations in this way than 4G networks][10]. - -Massive MIMO promises to [radically improve on base station capacity limits][11], allowing individual base stations to have conversations with many more devices. This in particular is why 5G may drive wider adoption of IoT. In theory, a lot more internet-connected wireless gadgets will be able to be deployed in the same space without overwhelming the network. - -## Beamforming - -Making sure all these conversations go back and forth to the right places is tricky, especially with the aforementioned problems millimeter-wave signals have with interference. To overcome those issues, 5G stations deploy advanced beamforming techniques, which use constructive and destructive radio interference to make signals directional rather than broadcast. That effectively boosts signal strength and range in a particular direction. - -## 5G availability - -The first commercial 5G network was [rolled out in Qatar in May 2018][12]. Since then, networks have been popping up across the world, from Argentina to Vietnam. [Lifewire has a good, frequently updated list][13]. - -One thing to keep in mind, though, is that not all 5G networks deliver on all the technology's promises yet. Some early 5G offerings piggyback on existing 4G infrastructure, which reduces the potential speed gains; other services dubbed 5G for marketing purposes don't even comply with the standard. A closer look at offerings from U.S. wireless carriers will demonstrate some of the pitfalls. - -## Wireless carriers and 5G - -Technically, 5G is available in the U.S. today. But the caveats involved in that statement vary from carrier to carrier, demonstrating the long road that still lies ahead before 5G becomes omnipresent. - -Verizon is making probably the biggest early 5G push. It announced [5G Home][14] in parts of four cities in October of 2018, a service that requires using a special 5G hotspot to connect to the network and feed it to your other devices via Wi-Fi. - -Verizon planned an April rollout of a [mobile service in Minneapolis and Chicago][15], which will spread to other cities over the course of the year. Accessing the 5G network will cost customers an extra monthly fee plus what they’ll have to spend on a phone that can actually connect to it (more on that in a moment). As an added wrinkle, Verizon is deploying what it calls [5G TF][16], which doesn't match up with the 5G NR standard. - -AT&T [announced the availability of 5G in 12 U.S. cities in December 2018][17], with nine more coming by the end of 2019, but even in those cities, availability is limited to the downtown areas. To use the network requires a special Netgear hotspot that connects to the service, then provides a Wi-Fi signal to phones and other devices. - -Meanwhile, AT&T is also rolling out speed boosts to its 4G network, which it's dubbed 5GE even though these improvements aren't related to 5G networking. ([This is causing backlash][18].) - -Sprint will have 5G service in parts of four cities by May of 2019, and five more by the end of the year. But while Sprint's 5G offering makes use of massive MIMO cells, they [aren't using millimeter-wave signals][19], meaning that Sprint users won't see as much of a speed boost as customers of other carriers. - -T-Mobile is pursuing a similar model,and it [won't roll out its service until the end of 2019][20] because there won't be any phones to connect to it. - -One kink that might stop a rapid spread of 5G is the need to spread out all those small-cell base stations. Their small size and low power requirements make them easier to deploy than current 4G tech in a technical sense, but that doesn't mean it's simple to convince governments and property owners to install dozens of them everywhere. Verizon actually set up a [website that you can use to petition your local elected officials][21] to speed up 5G base station deployment. - -## **5G phones: When available? When to buy?** - -The first major 5G phone to be announced is the Samsung Galaxy S10 5G, which should be available by the end of the summer of 2019. You can also order a "[Moto Mod][22]" from Verizon, which [transforms Moto Z3 phones into 5G-compatible device][23]s. - -But unless you can't resist the lure of being an early adopter, you may wish to hold off for a bit; some of the quirks and looming questions about carrier rollout may mean that you end up with a phone that [isn't compatible with your carrier's entire 5G network][24]. - -One laggard that may surprise you is Apple: analysts believe that there won't be a [5G-compatible iPhone until 2020 at the earliest][25]. But this isn't out of character for the company; Apple [also lagged behind Samsung in releasing 4G-compatible phones][26] in back in 2012. - -Still, the 5G flood is coming. 5G-compatible devices [dominated Barcelona's Mobile World Congress in 2019][3], so expect to have a lot more choice on the horizon. - -## Why are people talking about 6G already? - -Some experts say [5G won’t be able to meet the latency and reliability targets][27] it is shooting for. These skeptics are already looking ahead to 6G, which they say will try to address these projected shortcomings. - -There is [a group that is researching new technologies that can be rolled into 6G][28] that calls itself - -The Center for Converged TeraHertz Communications and Sensing (ComSenTer). Part of the spec they’re working on calls for 100Gbps speed for every device. - -In addition to adding reliability, overcoming reliability and boosting speed, 6G is also trying to enable thousands of simultaneous connections. If successful, this feature could help to network IoT devices, which can be deployed in the thousands as sensors in a variety of industrial settings. - -Even in its embryonic form, 6G may already be facing security concerns due to the emergence of newly discovered [potential for man-in-the-middle attacks in tera-hertz based networks][29]. The good news is that there’s plenty of time to find solutions to the problem. 6G networks aren’t expected to start rolling out until 2030. - -**More about 5g networks:** - - * [How enterprises can prep for 5G networks][30] - * [5G vs 4G: How speed, latency and apps support differ][31] - * [Private 5G networks are coming][32] - * [5G and 6G wireless have security issues][33] - * [How millimeter-wave wireless could help support 5G and IoT][34] - - - -Join the Network World communities on [Facebook][35] and [LinkedIn][36] to comment on topics that are top of mind. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3203489/what-is-5g-how-is-it-better-than-4g.html#tk.rss_all - -作者：[Josh Fruhlinger][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Josh-Fruhlinger/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://images.techhive.com/images/article/2017/04/5g-100718139-large.jpg -[2]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3203489/what-is-5g-wireless-networking-benefits-standards-availability-versus-lte.html -[3]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3354477/mobile-world-congress-the-time-of-5g-is-almost-here.html -[4]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3330603/5g-versus-4g-how-speed-latency-and-application-support-differ.html -[5]: https://www.theverge.com/2018/6/15/17467734/5g-nr-standard-3gpp-standalone-finished -[6]: https://pluralsight.pxf.io/c/321564/424552/7490?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pluralsight.com%2Fcourses%2Fmobile-device-management-big-picture -[7]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3291323/millimeter-wave-wireless-could-help-support-5g-and-iot.html -[8]: https://spectrum.ieee.org/video/telecom/wireless/5g-bytes-small-cells-explained -[9]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3250268/what-is-mu-mimo-and-why-you-need-it-in-your-wireless-routers.html -[10]: https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/telecom/wireless/5g-researchers-achieve-new-spectrum-efficiency-record -[11]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3262991/future-wireless-networks-will-have-no-capacity-limits.html -[12]: https://venturebeat.com/2018/05/14/worlds-first-commercial-5g-network-launches-in-qatar/ -[13]: https://www.lifewire.com/5g-availability-world-4156244 -[14]: https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/verizon-5g-home-promises-up-to-gigabit-internet-speeds-for-50/ -[15]: https://lifehacker.com/heres-your-cheat-sheet-for-verizons-new-5g-data-plans-1833278817 -[16]: https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/2/17927712/verizon-5g-home-internet-real-speed-meaning -[17]: https://www.cnn.com/2018/12/18/tech/5g-mobile-att/index.html -[18]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3339720/like-4g-before-it-5g-is-being-hyped.html?nsdr=true -[19]: https://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/sprint-5g-rollout/ -[20]: https://www.cnet.com/news/t-mobile-delays-full-600-mhz-5g-launch-until-second-half/ -[21]: https://lets5g.com/ -[22]: https://www.verizonwireless.com/support/5g-moto-mod-faqs/?AID=11365093&SID=100098X1555750Xbc2e857934b22ebca1a0570d5ba93b7c&vendorid=CJM&PUBID=7105813&cjevent=2e2150cb478c11e98183013b0a1c0e0c -[23]: https://www.digitaltrends.com/cell-phone-reviews/moto-z3-review/ -[24]: https://www.businessinsider.com/samsung-galaxy-s10-5g-which-us-cities-have-5g-networks-2019-2 -[25]: https://www.cnet.com/news/why-apples-in-no-rush-to-sell-you-a-5g-iphone/ -[26]: https://mashable.com/2012/09/09/iphone-5-4g-lte/#hYyQUelYo8qq -[27]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3305359/6g-will-achieve-terabits-per-second-speeds.html -[28]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3285112/get-ready-for-upcoming-6g-wireless-too.html -[29]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3315626/5g-and-6g-wireless-technologies-have-security-issues.html -[30]: https://%20https//www.networkworld.com/article/3306720/mobile-wireless/how-enterprises-can-prep-for-5g.html -[31]: https://%20https//www.networkworld.com/article/3330603/mobile-wireless/5g-versus-4g-how-speed-latency-and-application-support-differ.html -[32]: https://%20https//www.networkworld.com/article/3319176/mobile-wireless/private-5g-networks-are-coming.html -[33]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3315626/network-security/5g-and-6g-wireless-technologies-have-security-issues.html -[34]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3291323/mobile-wireless/millimeter-wave-wireless-could-help-support-5g-and-iot.html -[35]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/ -[36]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world From 01fd88b8848c9028a9022adee5f151424155c0c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E6=9D=8E=E5=8D=9A?= <1594914459@qq.com> Date: Mon, 29 Apr 2019 18:31:01 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 3/5] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=94=B3=E9=A2=86=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...isk I-O Activity Using iotop And iostat Commands In Linux.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20190423 How To Monitor Disk I-O Activity Using iotop And iostat Commands In Linux.md b/sources/tech/20190423 How To Monitor Disk I-O Activity Using iotop And iostat Commands In Linux.md index f4084302b8..bb1fd109b0 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20190423 How To Monitor Disk I-O Activity Using iotop And iostat Commands In Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/20190423 How To Monitor Disk I-O Activity Using iotop And iostat Commands In Linux.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ [#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: ( ) +[#]: translator: (warmfrog) [#]: reviewer: ( ) [#]: publisher: ( ) [#]: url: ( ) From 03d87fd8673fddc20c185cfb66c0520244b8fd3c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E6=9D=8E=E5=8D=9A?= <1594914459@qq.com> Date: Mon, 29 Apr 2019 18:32:14 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 4/5] no --- ...isk I-O Activity Using iotop And iostat Commands In Linux.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20190423 How To Monitor Disk I-O Activity Using iotop And iostat Commands In Linux.md b/sources/tech/20190423 How To Monitor Disk I-O Activity Using iotop And iostat Commands In Linux.md index bb1fd109b0..f4084302b8 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20190423 How To Monitor Disk I-O Activity Using iotop And iostat Commands In Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/20190423 How To Monitor Disk I-O Activity Using iotop And iostat Commands In Linux.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ [#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: (warmfrog) +[#]: translator: ( ) [#]: reviewer: ( ) [#]: publisher: ( ) [#]: url: ( ) From 053d91206e89a39090e9515b67712f50d3fc0f5b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E6=9D=8E=E5=8D=9A?= <1594914459@qq.com> Date: Mon, 29 Apr 2019 23:27:19 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 5/5] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=8F=90=E4=BA=A4=E8=AF=91=E6=96=87?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...sing iotop And iostat Commands In Linux.md | 114 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 56 insertions(+), 58 deletions(-) rename {sources => translated}/tech/20190423 How To Monitor Disk I-O Activity Using iotop And iostat Commands In Linux.md (63%) diff --git a/sources/tech/20190423 How To Monitor Disk I-O Activity Using iotop And iostat Commands In Linux.md b/translated/tech/20190423 How To Monitor Disk I-O Activity Using iotop And iostat Commands In Linux.md similarity index 63% rename from sources/tech/20190423 How To Monitor Disk I-O Activity Using iotop And iostat Commands In Linux.md rename to translated/tech/20190423 How To Monitor Disk I-O Activity Using iotop And iostat Commands In Linux.md index bb1fd109b0..ffececb666 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20190423 How To Monitor Disk I-O Activity Using iotop And iostat Commands In Linux.md +++ b/translated/tech/20190423 How To Monitor Disk I-O Activity Using iotop And iostat Commands In Linux.md @@ -7,78 +7,76 @@ [#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/check-monitor-disk-io-in-linux-using-iotop-iostat-command/) [#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/) -How To Monitor Disk I/O Activity Using iotop And iostat Commands In Linux? -====== +在 Linux 中如何使用 iotop 和 iostat 监控磁盘 I/O 活动？ +=================================================== -Do you know what are the tools we can use for troubleshooting or monitoring real-time disk activity in Linux? +你知道在 Linux 中我们使用什么工具检修和监控实时的磁盘活动吗？ -If **[Linux system performance][1]** gets slow down we may use **[top command][2]** to see the system performance. +如果 **[Linux 系统性能][1]**变慢，我们会用 **[top 命令][12]** 来查看系统性能。 -It is used to check what are the processes are consuming high utilization on server. +它被用来检查是什么进程在服务器上占有如此高的使用率。 -It’s common for most of the Linux administrator. +对于大多数 Linux 系统管理员来说很常见。 -It’s widely used by Linux administrator in the real world. +现实世界中被 Linux 系统管理员广泛采用。 -If you don’t see much difference in the process output still you have an option to check other things. +如果在进程输出中你没有看到很大的不同，你仍然有选择查看其他东西。 -I would like to advise you to check `wa` status in the top output because most of the time the server performance will be degraded due to high I/O Read and Write on hard disk. +我会建议你在 top 输出中检查 `wa` 状态因为大多数时间服务器性能由于在硬盘上的高 I/O 读和写降低了性能。 -If it’s high or fluctuation, it could be a cause. So, we need to check I/O activity on hard drive. +如果它很高或者波动，很可能就是它造成的。因此，我们需要检查硬盘上的 I/O 活动。 -We can monitory disk I/O statistics for all disks and file system in Linux system using `iotop` and `iostat` commands. +我们可以在 Linux 中使用 `iotop` 和 `iostat` 命令监控所有的磁盘和文件系统的磁盘 I/O 统计。 -### What Is iotop? +### 什么是 iotop？ -iotop is a top-like utility for displaying real-time disk activity. +iotop 是一个类似 top 的工具来显示实时的磁盘活动。 -iotop watches I/O usage information output by the Linux kernel and displays a table of current I/O usage by processes or threads on the system. +iotop 监控 Linux 内核输出的 I/O 使用信息并且显示一个系统中进程或线程的当前 I/O 使用情况。 -It displays the I/O bandwidth read and written by each process/thread. It also displays the percentage of time the thread/process spent while swapping in and while waiting on I/O. +它显示每个进程/线程读写 I/O 带宽。它同样显示当等待换入和等待 I/O 的线程/进程 时间花费的百分比。 -Total DISK READ and Total DISK WRITE values represent total read and write bandwidth between processes and kernel threads on the one side and kernel block device subsystem on the other. +Total DISK READ 和 Total DISK WRITE 的值表示了一方面进程和内核线程之间的总的读写带宽，另一方面表示内核块设备子系统的。 -Actual DISK READ and Actual DISK WRITE values represent corresponding bandwidths for actual disk I/O between kernel block device subsystem and underlying hardware (HDD, SSD, etc.). +Actual DISK READ 和 Actual DISK WRITE 的值表示在内核块设备子系统和下面硬件（HDD，SSD，等等。）对应的实际磁盘 I/O 带宽。 -### How To Install iotop In Linux? +### 如何在 Linux 中安装 iotop ？ -We can easily install it with help of package manager since the package is available in all the Linux distributions repository. +我们可以轻松在包管理器的帮助下安装，因为该软件包在所有的 Linux 发行版仓库中都可以获得。 -For **`Fedora`** system, use **[DNF Command][3]** to install iotop. +对于 **`Fedora`** 系统，使用 **[DNF 命令][3]** 来安装 iotop。 ``` $ sudo dnf install iotop ``` -For **`Debian/Ubuntu`** systems, use **[APT-GET Command][4]** or **[APT Command][5]** to install iotop. +对于 **`Debian/Ubuntu`** 系统，使用 **[API-GET 命令][4]** 或者 **[APT 命令][5]** 来安装 iotop。 ``` $ sudo apt install iotop ``` -For **`Arch Linux`** based systems, use **[Pacman Command][6]** to install iotop. +对于基于 **`Arch Linux`** 的系统，使用 **[Pacman Command][6]** 来安装 iotop。 ``` $ sudo pacman -S iotop ``` -For **`RHEL/CentOS`** systems, use **[YUM Command][7]** to install iotop. +对于 **`RHEL/CentOS`** 的系统，使用 **[YUM Command][7]** 来安装 iotop。 ``` $ sudo yum install iotop ``` -For **`openSUSE Leap`** system, use **[Zypper Command][8]** to install iotop. +对于使用 **`openSUSE Leap`** 的系统，使用 **[Zypper Command][8]** 来安装 iotop。 ``` $ sudo zypper install iotop ``` -### How To Monitor Disk I/O Activity/Statistics In Linux Using iotop Command? +### 在 Linux 中如何使用 iotop 命令来监控磁盘 I/O 活动/统计？ -There are many options are available in iotop command to check varies statistics about disk I/O. - -Run the iotop command without any arguments to see each process or thread current I/O usage. +iotop 命令有很多参数来检查关于磁盘 I/O 的变化 ``` # iotop @@ -86,7 +84,7 @@ Run the iotop command without any arguments to see each process or thread curren [![][9]![][9]][10] -If you would like to check which process are actually doing IO then run the iotop command with `-o` or `--only` option. +如果你想检查那个进程实际在做 I/O，那么运行 iotop 命令加上 `-o` 或者 `--only` 参数。 ``` # iotop --only @@ -94,66 +92,66 @@ If you would like to check which process are actually doing IO then run the ioto [![][9]![][9]][11] -**Details:** +**细节：** - * **`IO:`** It shows I/O utilization for each process, which includes disk and swap. - * **`SWAPIN:`** It shows only the swap usage of each process. + * **`IO:`** 它显示每个进程的 I/O 利用率，包含磁盘和交换。 + * **`SWAPIN:`** 它只显示每个进程的交换使用率。 -### What Is iostat? +### 什么是 iostat？ -iostat is used to report Central Processing Unit (CPU) statistics and input/output statistics for devices and partitions. +iostat 被用来报告中央处理单元（CPU）的统计和设备与分区的输出/输出的统计。 -The iostat command is used for monitoring system input/output device loading by observing the time the devices are active in relation to their average transfer rates. +iostat 命令通过观察与他们平均传输率相关的设备活跃时间来监控系统输入/输出设备载入。 -The iostat command generates reports that can be used to change system configuration to better balance the input/output load between physical disks. +iostat 命令生成的报告可以被用来改变系统配置来更好的平衡物理磁盘之间的输入/输出负载。 -All statistics are reported each time the iostat command is run. The report consists of a CPU header row followed by a row of CPU statistics. +所有的统计都在 iostat 命令每次运行时被报告。该报告包含一个 CPU 头部，后面是一行 CPU 统计。 -On multiprocessor systems, CPU statistics are calculated system-wide as averages among all processors. A device header row is displayed followed by a line of statistics for each device that is configured. +在多处理器系统中，CPU 统计被计算为系统层面的所有处理器的平均值。一个设备头行显示后紧跟一行每个配置设备的统计。 -The iostat command generates two types of reports, the CPU Utilization report and the Device Utilization report. +iostat 命令生成两种类型的报告，CPU 利用率报告和设备利用率报告。 -### How To Install iostat In Linux? +### 在 Linux 中怎样安装 iostat？ -iostat tool is part of sysstat package so, We can easily install it with help of package manager since the package is available in all the Linux distributions repository. +iostat 工具是 sysstat 包的一部分，所以我们可以轻松地在包管理器地帮助下安装因为在所有的 Linux 发行版的仓库都是可以获得的。 -For **`Fedora`** system, use **[DNF Command][3]** to install sysstat. +对于 **`Fedora`** 系统，使用 **[DNF Command][3]** 来安装 sysstat。 ``` $ sudo dnf install sysstat ``` -For **`Debian/Ubuntu`** systems, use **[APT-GET Command][4]** or **[APT Command][5]** to install sysstat. +对于 **`Debian/Ubuntu`** 系统，使用 **[APT-GET Command][4]** 或者 **[APT Command][5]** 来安装 sysstat。 ``` $ sudo apt install sysstat ``` -For **`Arch Linux`** based systems, use **[Pacman Command][6]** to install sysstat. +对于基于 **`Arch Linux`** 的系统，使用 **[Pacman Command][6]** 来安装 sysstat。 ``` $ sudo pacman -S sysstat ``` -For **`RHEL/CentOS`** systems, use **[YUM Command][7]** to install sysstat. +对于 **`RHEL/CentOS`** 系统，使用 **[YUM Command][7]** 来安装 sysstat。 ``` $ sudo yum install sysstat ``` -For **`openSUSE Leap`** system, use **[Zypper Command][8]** to install sysstat. +对于 **`openSUSE Leap`** 系统，使用 **[Zypper Command][8]** 来安装 sysstat。 ``` $ sudo zypper install sysstat ``` -### How To Monitor Disk I/O Activity/Statistics In Linux Using sysstat Command? +### 在 Linux 中如何使用 sysstat 命令监控磁盘 I/O 活动/统计？ -There are many options are available in iostat command to check varies statistics about disk I/O and CPU. +在 iostat 命令中有很多参数来检查关于 I/O 和 CPU 的变化统计信息。 -Run the iostat command without any arguments to see complete statistics of the system. +不加参数运行 iostat 命令会看到完整的系统统计。 ``` # iostat @@ -171,7 +169,7 @@ loop1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1093 loop2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1077 0 0 ``` -Run the iostat command with `-d` option to see I/O statistics for all the devices +运行 iostat 命令加上 `-d` 参数查看所有设备的 I/O 统计。 ``` # iostat -d @@ -186,7 +184,7 @@ loop1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1093 loop2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1077 0 0 ``` -Run the iostat command with `-p` option to see I/O statistics for all the devices and their partitions. +运行 iostat 命令加上 `-p` 参数查看所有的设备和分区的 I/O 统计。 ``` # iostat -p @@ -208,7 +206,7 @@ loop1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1093 loop2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1077 0 0 ``` -Run the iostat command with `-x` option to see detailed I/O statistics for all the devices. +运行 iostat 命令加上 `-x` 参数显示所有设备的详细的 I/O 统计信息。 ``` # iostat -x @@ -226,7 +224,7 @@ loop1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 12.86 0.00 0. loop2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.38 19.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ``` -Run the iostat command with `-d [Device_Name]` option to see I/O statistics of particular device and their partitions. +运行 iostat 命令加上 `-d [设备名]` 参数查看具体设备和它的分区的 I/O 统计信息。 ``` # iostat -p [Device_Name] @@ -244,7 +242,7 @@ sda2 0.18 6.76 80.21 0.00 3112916 36924 sda1 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 3224 0 0 ``` -Run the iostat command with `-m` option to see I/O statistics with `MB` for all the devices instead of `KB`. By default it shows the output with KB. +运行 iostat 命令加上 `-m` 参数以 `MB` 为单位而不是 `KB` 查看所有设备的统计。默认以 KB 显示输出。 ``` # iostat -m @@ -262,7 +260,7 @@ loop1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 loop2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 0 0 ``` -Run the iostat command with certain interval then use the following format. In this example, we are going to capture totally two reports at five seconds interval. +运行 iostat 命令使用特定的间隔使用如下的格式。在这个例子中，我们打算以 5 秒捕获的间隔捕获两个报告。 ``` # iostat [Interval] [Number Of Reports] @@ -292,7 +290,7 @@ loop1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 loop2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 ``` -Run the iostat command with `-N` option to see the LVM disk I/O statistics report. +运行 iostat 命令 与 `-N` 参数来查看 LVM 磁盘 I/O 统计报告。 ``` # iostat -N @@ -309,7 +307,7 @@ sdc 0.01 0.12 0.00 2108 0 2g-2gvol1 0.00 0.07 0.00 1204 0 ``` -Run the nfsiostat command to see the I/O statistics for Network File System(NFS). +运行 nfsiostat 命令来查看 Network File System（NFS）的 I/O 统计。 ``` # nfsiostat @@ -321,7 +319,7 @@ via: https://www.2daygeek.com/check-monitor-disk-io-in-linux-using-iotop-iostat- 作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +译者：[warmfrog](https://github.com/warmfrog) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出