From 6e9aaf8a0b1258e972c1a53ff31e69fd4453ee65 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: feng lv Date: Fri, 7 Sep 2018 17:53:00 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] translated --- ...wall on FreeBSD to Protect a Web Server.md | 150 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 77 insertions(+), 73 deletions(-) rename {sources => translated}/tech/20170829 How To Set Up PF Firewall on FreeBSD to Protect a Web Server.md (73%) diff --git a/sources/tech/20170829 How To Set Up PF Firewall on FreeBSD to Protect a Web Server.md b/translated/tech/20170829 How To Set Up PF Firewall on FreeBSD to Protect a Web Server.md similarity index 73% rename from sources/tech/20170829 How To Set Up PF Firewall on FreeBSD to Protect a Web Server.md rename to translated/tech/20170829 How To Set Up PF Firewall on FreeBSD to Protect a Web Server.md index 2f4465a4ac..cf4fdef529 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20170829 How To Set Up PF Firewall on FreeBSD to Protect a Web Server.md +++ b/translated/tech/20170829 How To Set Up PF Firewall on FreeBSD to Protect a Web Server.md @@ -1,87 +1,84 @@ -ucasFL translating - -How To Set Up PF Firewall on FreeBSD to Protect a Web Server +如何在 FreeBSD 上设置 PF 防火墙来保护 Web 服务器 ====== -I am a new FreeBSD server user and moved from netfilter on Linux. How do I setup a firewall with PF on FreeBSD server to protect a web server with single public IP address and interface? +[![How To Set Up a Firewall with PF on FreeBSD to Protect a Web Server][1]][1] +我是从 Linux 迁移过来的 FreeBSD 新用户，Linux 中使用的是 netfilter 防火墙框架（LCTT 译注：netfilter 是由 Rusty Russell 提出的 Linux 2.4 内核防火墙框架）。那么在 FreeBSD 上，我该如何设置 PF 防火墙，从而来保护只有一个公共 IP 地址和端口的 web 服务器呢？ -PF is an acronym for packet filter. It was created for OpenBSD but has been ported to FreeBSD and other operating systems. It is a stateful packet filtering engine. This tutorial will show you how to set up a firewall with PF on FreeBSD 10.x and 11.x server to protect your web server. +PF 是包过滤器packet filter的简称。它是为 OpenBSD开发的，但是已经被移植到了 FreeBSD 以及其它操作系统上。PF 是一个状态包过滤引擎。在这篇教程中，我将向你展示如何在 FreeBSD 10.x 以及 11.x 中设置 PF 防火墙，从而来保护 web 服务器。 +### 第一步：开启 PF 防火墙 -## Step 1 - Turn on PF firewall +你需要把下面这几行内容添加到文件 “/etc/rc.conf” 文件中： -You need to add the following three lines to /etc/rc.conf file: ``` # echo 'pf_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf # echo 'pf_rules="/usr/local/etc/pf.conf"' >> /etc/rc.conf # echo 'pflog_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf # echo 'pflog_logfile="/var/log/pflog"' >> /etc/rc.conf ``` -Where, +在这里： - 1. **pf_enable="YES"** - Turn on PF service. - 2. **pf_rules="/usr/local/etc/pf.conf"** - Read PF rules from this file. - 3. **pflog_enable="YES"** - Turn on logging support for PF. - 4. **pflog_logfile="/var/log/pflog"** - File where pflogd should store the logfile i.e. store logs in /var/log/pflog file. + 1. **pf_enable="YES"** - 开启 PF 服务 + 2. **pf_rules="/usr/local/etc/pf.conf"** - 从文件 “/usr/local/etc/pf.conf” 中读取 PF 规则 + 3. **pflog_enable="YES"** - 为 PF 服务打开日志支持 + 4. **pflog_logfile="/var/log/pflog"** - 存储日志的文件，即日志存于文件 “/var/log/pflog” 中 +### 第二步：在 “/usr/local/etc/pf.conf” 文件中创建防火墙规则 +输入下面这个命令打开文件（超级用户模式下）： -[![How To Set Up a Firewall with PF on FreeBSD to Protect a Web Server][1]][1] - -## Step 2 - Creating firewall rules in /usr/local/etc/pf.conf - -Type the following command: ``` # vi /usr/local/etc/pf.conf ``` -Append the following PF rulesets : +在文件中添加下面这些 PF 规则集： + ``` # vim: set ft=pf # /usr/local/etc/pf.conf -## Set your public interface ## +## 设置公共端口 ## ext_if="vtnet0" -## Set your server public IP address ## +## 设置服务器公共 IP 地址 ## ext_if_ip="172.xxx.yyy.zzz" -## Set and drop these IP ranges on public interface ## +## 设置并删除下面这些公共端口上的 IP 范围 ## martians = "{ 127.0.0.0/8, 192.168.0.0/16, 172.16.0.0/12, \ 10.0.0.0/8, 169.254.0.0/16, 192.0.2.0/24, \ 0.0.0.0/8, 240.0.0.0/4 }" -## Set http(80)/https (443) port here ## +## 设置 http(80)/https (443) 端口 ## webports = "{http, https}" -## enable these services ## +## 启用下面这些服务 ## int_tcp_services = "{domain, ntp, smtp, www, https, ftp, ssh}" int_udp_services = "{domain, ntp}" -## Skip loop back interface - Skip all PF processing on interface ## +## 跳过回环端口 - 跳过端口上的所有 PF 处理 ## set skip on lo -## Sets the interface for which PF should gather statistics such as bytes in/out and packets passed/blocked ## +## 设置 PF 应该统计的端口信息，如发送/接收字节数，通过/禁止的包的数目 ## set loginterface $ext_if -## Set default policy ## +## 设置默认策略 ## block return in log all block out all -# Deal with attacks based on incorrect handling of packet fragments +# 基于 IP 分片的错误处理来防御攻击 scrub in all -# Drop all Non-Routable Addresses +# 删除所有不可达路由地址 block drop in quick on $ext_if from $martians to any block drop out quick on $ext_if from any to $martians -## Blocking spoofed packets +## 禁止欺骗包 antispoof quick for $ext_if -# Open SSH port which is listening on port 22 from VPN 139.xx.yy.zz Ip only -# I do not allow or accept ssh traffic from ALL for security reasons +# 打开 SSH 端口，SSH 服务仅从 VPN IP 139.xx.yy.zz 监听 22 号端口 +# 出于安全原因，我不允许/接收 SSH 流量 pass in quick on $ext_if inet proto tcp from 139.xxx.yyy.zzz to $ext_if_ip port = ssh flags S/SA keep state label "USER_RULE: Allow SSH from 139.xxx.yyy.zzz" -## Use the following rule to enable ssh for ALL users from any IP address # +## 使用下面这些规则来为所有来自任何 IP 地址的用户开启 SSH 服务 # ## pass in inet proto tcp to $ext_if port ssh ### [ OR ] ### ## pass in inet proto tcp to $ext_if port 22 @@ -92,44 +89,46 @@ pass inet proto icmp icmp-type echoreq # All access to our Nginx/Apache/Lighttpd Webserver ports pass proto tcp from any to $ext_if port $webports -# Allow essential outgoing traffic +# 允许重要的发送流量 pass out quick on $ext_if proto tcp to any port $int_tcp_services pass out quick on $ext_if proto udp to any port $int_udp_services -# Add custom rules below +# 在下面添加自定义规则 ``` -Save and close the file. PR [welcome here to improve rulesets][2]. To check for syntax error, run: +保存并关闭文件。欢迎来参考我的[规则集][2]。如果要检查语法错误，可以运行： + `# service pf check` -OR +或 `/etc/rc.d/pf check` -OR +或 `# pfctl -n -f /usr/local/etc/pf.conf ` -## Step 3 - Start PF firewall +### 第三步：开始运行 PF 防火墙 -The commands are as follows. Be careful you might be disconnected from your server over ssh based session: +命令如下。请小心，如果是基于 SSH 的会话，你可能会和服务器断开连接。 -### Start PF +*开启 PF 防火墙：* `# service pf start` -### Stop PF +*停用 PF 防火墙：* `# service pf stop` -### Check PF for syntax error +*检查语法错误：* `# service pf check` -### Restart PF +*重启服务：* `# service pf restart` -### See PF status +*查看 PF 状态：* `# service pf status` -Sample outputs: +示例输出： + ``` Status: Enabled for 0 days 00:02:18 Debug: Urgent @@ -167,24 +166,24 @@ Counters map-failed 0 0.0/s ``` +#### 开启/关闭/重启 pflog 服务的命令 -### Command to start/stop/restart pflog service - -Type the following commands: +输入下面这些命令 ``` # service pflog start # service pflog stop # service pflog restart ``` -## Step 4 - A quick introduction to pfctl command +### 第四步：`pfctl` 命令的简单介绍 -You need to use the pfctl command to see PF ruleset and parameter configuration including status information from the packet filter. Let us see all common commands: +你需要使用 `pfctl` 命令来查看 PF 规则集和参数配置，包括来自包过滤器packet filter的状态信息。让我们来看一下所有常见命令： -### Show PF rules information +#### 显示 PF 规则信息 `# pfctl -s rules` -Sample outputs: +示例输出： + ``` block return in log all block drop out all @@ -203,15 +202,15 @@ pass out quick on vtnet0 proto udp from any to any port = domain keep state pass out quick on vtnet0 proto udp from any to any port = ntp keep state ``` -#### Show verbose output for each rule +#### 显示每条规则的详细内容 `# pfctl -v -s rules` -#### Add rule numbers with verbose output for each rule +在每条规则的详细输出中添加规则编号： `# pfctl -vvsr show` -#### Show state +#### 显示状态信息 ``` # pfctl -s state @@ -219,18 +218,19 @@ pass out quick on vtnet0 proto udp from any to any port = ntp keep state # pfctl -s state | grep 'something' ``` -### How to disable PF from the CLI +#### 如何在命令行中禁止 PF 服务 `# pfctl -d ` -### How to enable PF from the CLI +#### 如何在命令行中启用 PF 服务 `# pfctl -e ` -### How to flush ALL PF rules/nat/tables from the CLI +#### 如何在命令行中刷新 PF 规则/NAT/路由表 `# pfctl -F all` -Sample outputs: +示例输出： + ``` rules cleared nat cleared @@ -241,27 +241,29 @@ pf: statistics cleared pf: interface flags reset ``` -#### How to flush only the PF RULES from the CLI +#### 如何在命令行中仅刷新 PF 规则 `# pfctl -F rules ` -#### How to flush only queue's from the CLI +#### 如何在命令行中仅刷新队列 `# pfctl -F queue ` -#### How to flush all stats that are not part of any rule from the CLI +#### 如何在命令行中刷新统计信息（它不是任何规则的一部分） `# pfctl -F info` -#### How to clear all counters from the CLI +#### 如何在命令行中清除所有计数器 `# pfctl -z clear ` -## Step 5 - See PF log +### 第五步：查看 PF 日志 + +PF 日志是二进制格式的。使用下面这一命令来查看： -PF logs are in binary format. To see them type: `# tcpdump -n -e -ttt -r /var/log/pflog` -Sample outputs: +示例输出： + ``` Aug 29 15:41:11.757829 rule 0/(match) block in on vio0: 86.47.225.151.55806 > 45.FOO.BAR.IP.23: S 757158343:757158343(0) win 52206 [tos 0x28] Aug 29 15:41:44.193309 rule 0/(match) block in on vio0: 5.196.83.88.25461 > 45.FOO.BAR.IP.26941: S 2224505792:2224505792(0) ack 4252565505 win 17520 (DF) [tos 0x24] @@ -297,30 +299,32 @@ Aug 29 15:55:07.001743 rule 0/(match) block in on vio0: 190.83.174.214.58863 > 4 Aug 29 15:55:51.269549 rule 0/(match) block in on vio0: 142.217.201.69.26112 > 45.FOO.BAR.IP.22: S 757158343:757158343(0) win 22840 Aug 29 15:58:41.346028 rule 0/(match) block in on vio0: 169.1.29.111.29765 > 45.FOO.BAR.IP.23: S 757158343:757158343(0) win 28509 Aug 29 15:59:11.575927 rule 0/(match) block in on vio0: 187.160.235.162.32427 > 45.FOO.BAR.IP.5358: S 22445:22445(0) win 14600 [tos 0x28] -Aug 29 15:59:37.826598 rule 0/(match) block in on vio0: 94.74.81.97.54656 > 45.FOO.BAR.IP.3128: S 2720157526:2720157526(0) win 1024 [tos 0x28] +Aug 29 15:59:37.826598 rule 0/(match) block in on vio0: 94.74.81.97.54656 > 45.FOO.BAR.IP.3128: S 2720157526:2720157526(0) win 1024 [tos 0x28]stateful Aug 29 15:59:37.991171 rule 0/(match) block in on vio0: 94.74.81.97.54656 > 45.FOO.BAR.IP.3128: R 2720157527:2720157527(0) win 1200 [tos 0x28] Aug 29 16:01:36.990050 rule 0/(match) block in on vio0: 182.18.8.28.23299 > 45.FOO.BAR.IP.445: S 1510146048:1510146048(0) win 16384 ``` -To see live log run: +如果要查看实时日志，可以运行： `# tcpdump -n -e -ttt -i pflog0` -For more info the [PF FAQ][3], [FreeBSD HANDBOOK][4] and the following man pages: + +如果你想了解更多信息，可以访问 [PF FAQ][3] 和 [FreeBSD HANDBOOK][4] 以及下面这些 man 页面： + ``` # man tcpdump # man pfctl # man pf ``` -## about the author: +### 关于作者 -The author is the creator of nixCraft and a seasoned sysadmin and a trainer for the Linux operating system/Unix shell scripting. He has worked with global clients and in various industries, including IT, education, defense and space research, and the nonprofit sector. Follow him on [Twitter][5], [Facebook][6], [Google+][7]. +我是 nixCraft 的创立者，一个经验丰富的系统管理员，同时也是一位 Linux 操作系统/Unix shell 脚本培训师。我在不同的行业与全球客户工作过，包括 IT、教育、国防和空间研究、以及非营利组织。你可以在 [Twitter][5]、[Facebook][6] 或 [Google+][7] 上面关注我。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-set-up-a-firewall-with-pf-on-freebsd-to-protect-a-web-server/ 作者：[Vivek Gite][a] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +译者：[ucasFL](https://github.com/ucasFL) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 @@ -332,4 +336,4 @@ via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-set-up-a-firewall-with-pf-on-freebsd-t [4]:https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/firewalls.html [5]:https://twitter.com/nixcraft [6]:https://facebook.com/nixcraft -[7]:https://plus.google.com/+CybercitiBiz +[7]:https://plus.google.com/+CybercitiBiz \ No newline at end of file