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Translating How to Update Ubuntu.
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (LazyWolfLin)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (How to Update Ubuntu [Terminal & GUI Methods] It's FOSS)
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[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/update-ubuntu/)
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[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/)
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如何更新Ubuntu [终端及GUI方式] It's FOSS
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======
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**这篇教程将向你展示如何更新服务器版本或者桌面版本的Ubuntu。它还解释了更新和升级之间的区别以及你应该了解的有关于Ubuntu Linux中的更新的一些其他内容。**
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如果你是一个新手并已经体验Ubuntu数天或几周，你可能想知道如何更新你的[Ubuntu][1]系统以获取安全补丁，错误修复和应用升级。
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更新 Ubuntu 非常简单。我并不夸张的说。它简单得只要运行两个命令。让我来告诉你更多更新细节。
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Please note that the tutorial is valid for Ubuntu 18.04, 16.04 or any other version. The command line way is also valid for Ubuntu-based distributions like Linux Mint, Linux Lite, elementary OS etc.
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### Update Ubuntu via Command Line
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![How to Update Ubuntu][2]
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On the desktop, open the terminal. You can find it in the menu or use the Ctrl+Alt+T [keyboard shortcut][3]. If you are logged on to an [Ubuntu server][4], you already have access to a terminal.
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In the terminal, you just have to use the following command:
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```
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sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
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```
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It will ask for password and you can use your account’s password. You won’t see the anything on the screen while typing so keep on typing your password and hit enter.
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Now let me explain the above command.
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Actually, it’s not a single command. It’s a combination of two commands. The && is a way to combine two commands in a way that the second command runs only when the previous command ran successfully.
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The ‘-y’ in the end automatically enters yes when the command ‘apt upgrade’ ask for your confirmation before installing the updates.
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Note that you can also use the two commands separately, one by one:
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```
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sudo apt update
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sudo apt upgrade
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```
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It will take a little longer because you have to wait for one command to finish and then enter the second command.
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#### Explanation: sudo apt update
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This command updates the local database of available packages. If you won’t run this command, the local database won’t be updated and your system will not know if there are any new versions available.
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This is why when you run the sudo apt update, you’ll see lots of URLs in the output. The command fetches the package information from the respective repositories (the URLs you see in the output).
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![Updating Ubuntu Linux][5]
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At the end of the command, it tells you how many packages can be upgraded. You can see these packages by running the following command:
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```
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apt list --upgradable
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```
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**Additional Reading:** Read this article to learn [what is Ign, Hit and Get in the apt update command output][6].
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#### Explanation: sudo apt upgrade
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This command matches the versions of installed packages with the local database. It collects all of them and then it will list all of the packages that have a newer version available. At this point, it will ask if you want to upgrade (the installed packages to the newer version).
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![Update Ubuntu Linux via Command Line][7]
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You can type ‘yes’, ‘y’ or just press enter to confirm the installation of updates.
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So the bottom line is that the sudo apt update checks for the availability of new versions while as the sudo apt upgrade actually performs the update.
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The term update might be confusing as you might expect the apt update command to update the system by installing the updates but that doesn’t happen.
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### Update Ubuntu via GUI [For Desktop Users]
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If you are using Ubuntu as a desktop, you don’t have to go to terminal just for updating the system. You can still use the command line but it’s optional for you.
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In the menu, look for ‘Software Updater’ and run it.
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![Run Software Updater in Ubuntu][8]
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It will check if there are updates available for your system.
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![Checking if updates are available for Ubuntu][9]
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If there are updates available, it will give provide you with options to install the updates.
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![Install Updates via Update Manager in Ubuntu][10]
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Click on Install Now, it may ask for your password.
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![Installing Updates in Ubuntu Linux via GUI][11]
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Once you enter your password, it will start installing the updates.
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![Updating Ubuntu via GUI][12]
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In some cases, you may need to reboot the system for the installed updates to work properly. You’ll be notified at the end of the update if you need to restart the system.
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![Updating Ubuntu via GUI][12]
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You can choose to restart later if you don’t want to reboot your system straightaway.
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![Installing updates via GUI in Ubuntu][13]
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Tip: If the software updater returns an error, you should use the command ‘sudo apt update’ in the terminal. The last few lines of the output will contain the actual error message. You can search on the internet for that error and fix the problem.
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### Few things to keep in mind abou updating Ubuntu
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You just learned how to update your Ubuntu system. If you are interested, you should also know these few things around Ubuntu updates.
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#### Clean up after an update
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Your system will have some unnecessary packages that won’t be required after the updates. You can remove such packages and [free up some space][14] using this command:
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```
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sudo apt autoremove
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```
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#### Live patching kernel in Ubuntu Server to avoid rebooting
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In case of a Linux kernel updates, you’ll have to restart the system after the update. This is an issue when you don’t want downtime for your server.
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[Live patching][15] feature allows the patching of Linux kernel while the kernel is still running. In other words, you don’t have to reboot your system.
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If you manage servers, you may want to [enable live patching in Ubuntu][16].
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#### Version upgrades are different
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The updates discussed here is to keep your Ubuntu install fresh and updated. It doesn’t cover the [version upgrades][17] (for example upgrading Ubuntu 16.04 to 18.04).
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[Ubuntu version][18] upgrades are entirely a different thing. It updates the entire operating system core. You need to make proper backups before starting this lengthy process.
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### Conclusion
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I hope you liked this tutorial on updating the Ubuntu system and you learned a few new things.
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If you have any questions, please fee free to ask. If you are an experienced Linux users and have some tip that can make this tutorial more useful, please share it with the rest of us.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://itsfoss.com/update-ubuntu/
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作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.ubuntu.com/
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[2]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/how-to-update-ubuntu.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
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[3]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-shortcuts/
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[4]: https://www.ubuntu.com/download/server
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[5]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/update-ubunt-1.jpeg?resize=800%2C357&ssl=1
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[6]: https://itsfoss.com/apt-get-linux-guide/
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[7]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/update-ubunt-2.jpeg?ssl=1
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[8]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/update-ubuntu-via-GUI-1.jpeg?resize=800%2C250&ssl=1
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[9]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/update-ubuntu-via-GUI-2.jpeg?resize=800%2C250&ssl=1
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[10]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/update-ubuntu-GUI-3.jpeg?resize=800%2C365&ssl=1
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[11]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/install-update-ubuntu-1.jpg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
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[12]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/installing-updates-ubuntu.jpg?ssl=1
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[13]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/installing-updates-ubuntu-2.jpeg?ssl=1
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[14]: https://itsfoss.com/free-up-space-ubuntu-linux/
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[15]: https://www.ubuntu.com/livepatch
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[16]: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-live-patch-ubuntu-linux-server-kernel-without-rebooting/
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[17]: https://itsfoss.com/upgrade-ubuntu-version/
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[18]: https://itsfoss.com/how-to-know-ubuntu-unity-version/
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