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How to reset a root password on Fedora
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======
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A system administrator can easily reset a password for a user that has forgotten their password. But what happens if the system administrator forgets the root password? This guide will show you how to reset a lost or forgotten root password. Note that to reset the root password, you need to have physical access to the machine in order to reboot and to access GRUB settings. Additionally, if the system is encrypted, you will also need to know the LUKS passphrase.
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### Edit the GRUB settings
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First you need to interrupt the boot process. So you’ll need to turn on the system or restart, if it’s already powered on. The first step is tricky because the grub menu tends to flash by very quickly on the screen.
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Press **E** on your keyboard when you see the GRUB menu:
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![][1]
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After pressing ‘e’ the following screen is shown:
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![][2]
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Use your arrow keys to move the the **linux16** line.
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![][3]
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Using your **del** key or **backspace** key, remove **rhgb quiet** and replace with the following.
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```
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rd.break enforcing=0
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```
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![][4]
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After editing the lines, Press **Ctrl-x** to start the system. If the system is encrypted, you will be prompted for the LUKS passphase here.
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**Note:** Setting enforcing=0, avoids performing a complete system SELinux relabeling. Once the system is rebooted, restore the correct SELinux context for the /etc/shadow file. (this is explained a little further in this process)
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### Mounting the filesystem
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The system will now be in emergency mode. Remount the hard drive with read-write access:
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```
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# mount –o remount,rw /sysroot
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```
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### **Password Change
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**
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Run chroot to access the system.
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```
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# chroot /sysroot
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```
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You can now change the root password.
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```
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# passwd
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```
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Type the new root password twice when prompted. If you are successful, you should see a message that **all authentication tokens updated successfully.**
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Type **exit** , twice to reboot the system.
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Log in as root and restore the SELinux label to the /etc/shadow file.
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```
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# restorecon -v /etc/shadow
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```
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Turn SELinux back to enforcing mode.
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```
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# setenforce 1
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://fedoramagazine.org/reset-root-password-fedora/
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作者：[Curt Warfield][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://fedoramagazine.org/author/rcurtiswarfield/
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[1]:https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/grub.png
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[2]:https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/grub2.png
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[3]:https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/grub3.png
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[4]:https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/grub4.png
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@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
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如何重置 Fedora 上的 root 密码
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======
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系统管理员可以轻松地为忘记密码的用户重置密码。但是如果系统管理员忘记 root 密码会发生什么？本指南将告诉你如何重置遗失或忘记的 root 密码。请注意，要重置 root 密码，你需要能够接触到本机以重新启动并访问 GRUB 设置。此外，如果系统已加密，你还需要知道 LUKS 密码。
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### 编辑 GRUB 设置
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首先你需要中断启动过程。所以你需要打开系统，如果已经打开就重新启动。第一步很棘手，因为 grub 菜单往往会在屏幕上快速闪过。
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当你看到 GRUB 菜单时，请按键盘上的 **E** 键：
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![][1]
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按下 ‘e’ 后显示以下屏幕：
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![][2]
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使用箭头键移动到 **linux16** 这行。
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![][3]
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使用您的**删除**键或**后退**键，删除 **rhgb quiet** 并替换为以下内容。
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```
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rd.break enforcing=0
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```
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![][4]
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编辑好后，按下 **Ctrl-x** 启动系统。如果系统已加密，则系统会提示你输入 LUKS 密码。
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**注意：** 设置 enforcing=0，避免执行完整的系统 SELinux 重新标记。系统重启后，为 /etc/shadow 恢复正确的 SELinux 上下文。（这个会进一步解释）
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### 挂载文件系统
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系统现在将处于紧急模式。以读写权限重新挂载硬盘：
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```
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# mount –o remount,rw /sysroot
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```
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### 更改密码
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运行 chroot 访问系统。
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```
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# chroot /sysroot
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```
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你现在可以更改 root 密码。
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```
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# passwd
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```
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出现提示时输入新的 root 密码两次。如果成功，你应该看到一条 **all authentication tokens updated successfully** 消息。
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输入 **exit** 两次重新启动系统。
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以 root 身份登录并将 SELinux 标签恢复到 /etc/shadow 中。
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```
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# restorecon -v /etc/shadow
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```
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将 SELinux 变回 enforce 模式。
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```
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# setenforce 1
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://fedoramagazine.org/reset-root-password-fedora/
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作者：[Curt Warfield][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://fedoramagazine.org/author/rcurtiswarfield/
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[1]:https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/grub.png
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[2]:https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/grub2.png
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[3]:https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/grub3.png
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[4]:https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/grub4.png
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