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Update and rename 20210220 Run your favorite Windows applications on Linux.md to 20210522 Run your favorite Windows applications on Linux.md
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: ( )
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Run your favorite Windows applications on Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/2/linux-wine)
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[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth)
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Run your favorite Windows applications on Linux
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======
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WINE is an open source project that helps many Windows applications run
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on Linux as if they were native programs.
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![Computer screen with files or windows open][1]
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In 2021, there are more reasons why people love Linux than ever before. In this series, I'll share 21 different reasons to use Linux. Here's how switching from Windows to Linux can be made seamless with WINE.
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Do you have an application that only runs on Windows? Is that one application the one and only thing holding you back from switching to Linux? If so, you'll be happy to know about WINE, an open source project that has all but reinvented key Windows libraries so that applications compiled for Windows can run on Linux.
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WINE stands for "Wine Is Not an Emulator," which references the code driving this technology. Open source developers have worked since 1993 to translate any incoming Windows API calls an application makes to [POSIX][2] calls.
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This is an astonishing feat of programming, especially given that the project operated independently, with no help from Microsoft (to say the least), but there are limits. The farther an application strays from the "core" of the Windows API, the less likely it is that WINE could have anticipated its requests. There are vendors that may make up for this, notably [Codeweavers][3] and [Valve Software][4]. There's no coordination between the producers of the applications requiring translation and the people and companies doing the translation, so there can be some lag time between, for instance, an updated software title and when it earns a "gold" status from [WINE headquarters][5].
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However, if you're looking to run a well-known Windows application on Linux, the chances are good that WINE is ready for it.
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### Installing WINE
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You can install WINE from your Linux distribution's software repository. On Fedora, CentOS Stream, or RHEL:
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```
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`$ sudo dnf install wine`
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```
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On Debian, Linux Mint, Elementary, and similar:
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```
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`$ sudo apt install wine`
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```
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WINE isn't an application that you launch on its own. It's a backend that gets invoked when a Windows application is launched. Your first interaction with WINE will most likely occur when you launch the installer of a Windows application.
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### Installing an application
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[TinyCAD][6] is a nice open source application for designing circuits, but it's only available for Windows. While it is a small application, it does incorporate some .NET components, so that ought to stress test WINE a little.
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First, download the installer for TinyCAD. As is often the case for Windows installers, it's a `.exe` file. Once downloaded, double-click the file to launch it.
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![WINE TinyCAD installation wizard][7]
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WINE installation wizard for TinyCAD
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Step through the installer as you would on Windows. It's usually best to accept the defaults, especially where WINE is concerned. The WINE environment is largely self-contained, hidden away on your hard drive in a **drive_c** directory that gets used by a Windows application as the fake root directory of the file system.
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![WINE TinyCAD installation and destination drive][8]
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WINE TinyCAD destination drive
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Once it's installed, the application usually offers to launch for you. If you're ready to test it out, launch the application.
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### Launching a Windows application
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Aside from the first launch immediately after installation, you normally launch a WINE application the same way as you launch a native Linux application. Whether you use an applications menu or an Activities screen or just type the application's name into a runner, desktop Windows applications running in WINE are treated essentially as native applications on Linux.
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![TinyCAD running with WINE][9]
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TinyCAD running with WINE support
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### When WINE fails
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Most applications I run in WINE, TinyCAD included, run as expected. There are exceptions, however. In those cases, you can either wait a few months to see whether WINE developers (or, if it's a game, Valve Software) manage to catch up, or you can contact a vendor like Codeweavers to find out whether they sell support for the application you require.
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### WINE is cheating, but in a good way
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Some Linux users feel that if you use WINE, you're "cheating" on Linux. It might feel that way, but WINE is an open source project that's enabling users to switch to Linux and still run required applications for their work or hobbies. If WINE solves your problem and lets you use Linux, then use it, and embrace the flexibility of Linux.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/21/2/linux-wine
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作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/browser_screen_windows_files.png?itok=kLTeQUbY (Computer screen with files or windows open)
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[2]: https://opensource.com/article/19/7/what-posix-richard-stallman-explains
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[3]: https://www.codeweavers.com/crossover
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[4]: https://github.com/ValveSoftware/Proton
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[5]: http://winehq.org
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[6]: https://sourceforge.net/projects/tinycad/
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[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/wine-tinycad-install.jpg
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[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/wine-tinycad-drive_0.jpg
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[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/wine-tinycad-running.jpg
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@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (hongsofwing)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Run your favorite Windows applications on Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/2/linux-wine)
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[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth)
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在你的Linux系统上运行Windows软件！
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======
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WINE是一个让你在Linux系统上运行windows本地程序的开源项目。
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![Computer screen with files or windows open][1]
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2021年，有很多原因让人们比以往更加喜欢Linux系统。在这一系列的文章中，我们将分享21个使用Linux系统的理由。下面将介绍如何使用WINE实现从windows系统到Linux系统的无缝转换。
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你是否有一个程序只能在windows平台上运行？是不是由于某一个程序阻碍了你使用Linux系统？如果是这样的话，你将会很想了解WINE，这是一个开源项目，它彻底地改变了了
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Windows系统核心库，让原生Windows程序能运行在你的Linux系统上。
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WINE 的意思是“Wine不是一个模糊测试器”，它使用了驱动这项技术的代码。自从1993年以来，极客们一直致力于将应用程序的任何WIndows API调用转换成[POSIX][2]
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这是一个惊人的编程壮举，尤其是这个项目是独立运行的，没有微软的帮助（至少来讲），但是有限制。应用程序离Windows API的核心越来越远，WINE就无法预料到应用程序的需求。 有一些供应商可以弥补这一点，特别是[Codeweavers][3] 和[Valve Software][4]。需要得到支持的应用程序的生产商，与进行开发的公司和人没有协调。因此例如在更新软件上，从[WINE headquarters][5]到获得到“黄金”支持地位时，可能会存在一些延迟时间。
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However, if you're looking to run a well-known Windows application on Linux, the chances are good that WINE is ready for it.
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然而，如果你你希望在Linux上运行一个著名的Windows应用程序的时候，那么WINE很可能已经准备好了。
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### 安装WINE
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你可以从Fedora,CentOS Stream,或者RHEL等发型版本的软件储存仓库安装WINE。
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```
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`$ sudo dnf install wine`
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```
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在Debian, Linux Mint,Elementary上的安装方法相似：
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```
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`$ sudo apt install wine`
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```
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WINE不是一个你启动的应用程序，它是一个你启动Windows应用程序的后端支持软件。你WINE的第一次打交道很可能发生在你在Linux上启动Windows应用程序时。
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### 安装应用程序
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[TinyCAD][6]是一个很好的设计电路的开源应用程序，但只适用于Windows系统。虽然它是一个小程序，但它的确包含了不少.NET组件，因此应该对于WINE来说有一点压力。
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首先，下载TinyCAD的安装程序，与Windows安装程序的常见情况一样，它是一个EXE文件。下载后双击运行它。
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![WINE TinyCAD installation wizard][7]
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首先通过WINE安装的步骤就如在Windows上安装软件相同。一般都采用默认方案安装，尤其是在使用WINE的时候。WINE的运行环境是独立的，隐藏在你的硬件驱动**drive_c**文件中，可以让Windows程序如在Windows系统中一般采用管理员的的权限运行在模拟的系统环境中。
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![WINE TinyCAD installation and destination drive][8]
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WINE TinyCAD 的运行位置
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安装后，应用程序通常会为你启动。如果你准备好进行测试，请启动应用程序。
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### 运行Windows应用程序
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除了安装后立即启动外，通常启动WINE应用程序的方式与启动本机Linux应用程序的方式相同。无论你是使用应用程序菜单还是活动屏幕应用程序的名称，在WINE中运行的桌面Windows应用程序基本上都被视为Linux上的本机应用程序。
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![TinyCAD running with WINE][9]
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TinyCAD通过WINE得到运行支持
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### 当WINE崩溃时
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大多数我在使用WINE运行的应用程序，包括TinyCAD，或者其他的程序都能正常运行。然而，有一些例外情况，当你等了几个月后，看看WINE的开发人员（或者说有游戏，软件）
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是否能赶上开发进度，或者说你可以联系Codeweavers这样的供应商，了解他们是否销售对于你需要的应用程序支持。
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### WINE是“欺骗”，但“是有益处”
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一些Linux用户认为，如果你使用WINE，你就是在Linux上“作弊”。也许会有这种感觉，但WINE是一个开源项目，它允许用户切换到Linux，并且仍然可以运行他们工作或爱好所需的应用程序。如果WINE解决了你的问题，并让你更加方便的使用Linux系统，那么就使用它，并接受Linux系统的灵活性。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/21/2/linux-wine
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作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[hongsofwing](https://github.com/hongsofwing)
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校对：[hongsofwing](https://github.com/hongsofwing)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/browser_screen_windows_files.png?itok=kLTeQUbY (Computer screen with files or windows open)
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[2]: https://opensource.com/article/19/7/what-posix-richard-stallman-explains
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[3]: https://www.codeweavers.com/crossover
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[4]: https://github.com/ValveSoftware/Proton
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[5]: http://winehq.org
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[6]: https://sourceforge.net/projects/tinycad/
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[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/wine-tinycad-install.jpg
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[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/wine-tinycad-drive_0.jpg
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[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/wine-tinycad-running.jpg
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