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@ -1,198 +0,0 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (How to Remove Files Older than N Days Using Tmpwatch/Tmpreaper on Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-remove-files-older-than-n-days-using-tmpwatch-tmpreaper-on-linux/)
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[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
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How to Remove Files Older than N Days Using Tmpwatch/Tmpreaper on Linux
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======
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You may have missed deleting files that are no longer needed on your computer in some directory.
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This can be “Download” or any other directory.
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It may have grown up over a period of time.
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If you have enough storage, you should remove them, as this will slow down your system when you list files.
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Also, it can be clumsy when you have thousands of files in one directory.
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It is very difficult to find a file in a specific directory when you do not know the file name you want to check.
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We can do this by using the find command with some combination, and we have written an article about this in the past.
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* [**Bash Script to Delete Files/Folders Older Than “X” Days in Linux**][1]
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* [**How To Find And Delete Files Older Than “X” Days And “X” Hours In Linux?**][1]
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* [**How To Automatically Delete Or Clean Up /tmp Folder Contents In Linux?**][1]
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Today we are going to show you how to achieve this using the Tmpwatch utility on Linux.
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### What is Tmpwatch
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Tmpwatch recursively removes files that have not been accessed for a specified period of time in the specified directories.
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Typically, it is used to automatically clean directories used for temporary file systems, such as / tmp and /var/tmp.
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It only remove empty directories, regular files, and symbolic links.
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It doesn’t switch to other file systems, and avoids the “lost+found” directory belonging to the root user.
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By default, tmpwatch deletes files based on their atime (access time), not their mtime (conversion time).
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You can change this behavior by adding other parameters in the tmpwatch command.
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**WARNING:** Please do not run “tmpwatch” or “tmpreaper” in “/” because there is no mechanism in the program to protect against this.
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### How to Install Tmpwatch on Linux
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Tmpwatch can be installed as follows from the distribution official repository.
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For **RHEL/CentOS 6** systems, use the **[yum command][2]** to install Tmpwatch.
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```
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$ sudo yum install -y tmpwatch
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```
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For **Debian** and **Ubuntu** systems, use the **[apt command][3]** or **[apt-get command][4]** to install Tmpreaper.
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```
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$ sudo apt-get install tmpreaper
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```
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For **openSUSE** systems, use the **[zypper command][5]** to install Tmpwatch.
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```
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$ sudo zypper install -y tmpwatch
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```
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For **Fedora** systems, use the **[dnf command][6]** to install Tmpwatch.
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```
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$ sudo dnf install -y tmpwatch
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```
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**Make a note:** If you are using Debian-based systems, use “tmpreaper” instead of tmpwatch. All examples will work as expected.
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### Understanding Key Options and Arguments
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* **atime** (File Last Access Time) – Access time shows the last time the data from a file was accessed by any of the process such as command or script, etc,.
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* **mtime** (File Last Modify Time) – mtime shows when you modify a file contents or save a file. Most of the times ctime and mtime will be the same, unless the file attributes are updated.
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* **ctime** (File Last Change Time) – ctime shows when your file metadata got changed. It means when the file attributes are changed like ownership or group, etc,.
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* **dirmtime** (Directory Last modification time) – dirmtime shows when your directory last modified.
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The time parameter defines the threshold for removing files.
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* d – for days
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* h – for hours
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* m – for minutes
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* s – for seconds
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### How to Removes Files That Haven’t Been Accessed for a Period of Time Using the Tmpwatch Command
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As I said at the beginning of the article, Tmpwatch deletes files by default (atime) depending on the time of access to the files. Also, since hours are the default parameter, you do not need to add the suffix to time if the action is performed using the hour unit.
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For example, run the command below to recursively remove files that have not been accessed for the past 5 hours.
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```
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# tmpwatch 5 /tmp
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```
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Run the command below to delete files that have not been modified for the last 10 hours. If you want to delete files using mtime, you need to add the “-m” option with the tmpwatch command.
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```
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# tmpwatch -m 10 /home/daygeek/Downloads
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```
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### How to Delete Files That Haven’t Been Accessed more than “X” Days Using the Tmpwatch Command
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If you want to delete files using days, you need to add the suffix “d”. The example below deletes files older than 30 days.
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```
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# tmpwatch 30d /home/daygeek/Downloads
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```
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### How to Delete All Files That Haven’t Been Accessed for a Period of Time Using the Tmpwatch Command
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The below command removes all file types, not just regular files, symbolic links and directories based on mtime.
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```
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# tmpwatch -am 12 /tmp
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```
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### How to Exclude a Directory with Tmpwatch
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The below command will delete all files and excludes directories that haven’t been modified for the past 10 hours.
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```
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# tmpwatch -am 10 --nodirs /home/daygeek/Downloads
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```
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### How to Exclude a Specific Path with Tmpwatch
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The command below will delete all files except the directory below which has not been modified for the past 10 hours.
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```
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# tmpwatch -am 10 --exclude=/home/daygeek/Downloads/Movies /home/daygeek/Downloads
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```
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### How to Exclude Specific Pattern with Tmpwatch
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The command below will delete all files except the Pattern below which has not been modified for the past 10 hours.
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```
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# tmpwatch -am 10 --exclude-pattern='*.pdf' /home/daygeek/Downloads
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```
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### How to Perform Dry Run with Tmpwatch Command
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Run the below command if you want to perform dry run.
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```
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# tmpwatch -t 5h /home/daygeek/Downloads
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```
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### How to Setup a Cronjob to Delete files Periodically Using Tmpwatch
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By default it leaves a **[cronjob][7]** file under the **“/etc/cron.daily/tmpreaper”** directory. This cronjob works according to the configuration file located in **“/etc/timereaper.conf”**. You can customize the file according to your needs.
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It runs once a day and deletes files older than 7 days.
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Alternatively, if you would like to perform an action routinely, you can manually add a conjob based on your needs.
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```
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# crontab -e
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0 10 * * * /usr/sbin/tmpwatch 15d /home/daygeek/Downloads
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```
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The above cronjob will delete files that are older than 15 days daily at 10AM.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-remove-files-older-than-n-days-using-tmpwatch-tmpreaper-on-linux/
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作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/bash-script-to-delete-files-folders-older-than-x-days-in-linux/
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[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-yum-command-examples-manage-packages-rhel-centos-systems/
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[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/apt-command-examples-manage-packages-debian-ubuntu-systems/
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[4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/apt-get-apt-cache-command-examples-manage-packages-debian-ubuntu-systems/
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[5]: https://www.2daygeek.com/zypper-command-examples-manage-packages-opensuse-system/
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[6]: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-dnf-command-examples-manage-packages-fedora-centos-rhel-systems/
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[7]: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-crontab-cron-job-to-schedule-jobs-task/
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@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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||||
[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (How to Remove Files Older than N Days Using Tmpwatch/Tmpreaper on Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-remove-files-older-than-n-days-using-tmpwatch-tmpreaper-on-linux/)
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[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
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如何在 Linux 上使用 Tmpwatch/Tmpreaper 删除早于 N 天的文件
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======
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你可能错过了删除计算机上某个目录中不再需要的文件的操作。
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这可以是“下载”或任何其他目录。
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它可能已经增长了一段时间。
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如果有足够的存储空间，那么你应删除它们，因为这会在列出文件时降低系统速度。
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同样，当一个目录中有成千上万个文件时，它可能很会很臃肿。
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当你不知道要检查的文件名时，很难在特定目录中找到文件。
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我们可以通过结合使用 find 命令和一些组合来做到这一点，我们过去已经写过一篇文章。
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* [**使用 Bash 脚本在 Linux 中删除早于 “X” 天的文件/文件夹**][1]
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* [**如何在 Linux 中查找和删除早于 “X” 天和 “X” 小时的文件**][1]
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* [**如何在 Linux 中自动删除或清理 /tmp 文件夹内容？**][1]
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今天，我们将向你展示如何在 Linux 上使用 Tmpwatch 程序来实现这一目标。
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### 什么是 Tmpwatch
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Tmpwatch 递归删除指定时间段内未在指定目录中被访问的文件。
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通常，它用于自动清除临时文件系统目录，例如 /tmp 和 /var/tmp。
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它仅删除空目录、常规文件和符号链接。
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它不会切换到其他文件系统，并避免了属于根用户的 “lost+found” 目录。
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默认情况下，tmpwatch 会根据文件的 atime （访问时间）而不是 mtime （修改时间）删除文件。
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你可以在 tmpwatch 命令中添加其他参数来更改此行为。
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**警告：** 请不要在 “/” 中运行 “tmpwatch” 或 “tmpreaper”，因为程序中没有防止这种情况的机制。
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### 如何在 Linux 上安装 Tmpwatch
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可以在官方仓库中按以下方式安装 Tmpwatch。
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对于 **RHEL/CentOS 6** 系统，请使用 **[yum 命令][2]**安装 Tmpwatch。
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```
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$ sudo yum install -y tmpwatch
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```
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对于 **Debian** 和 **Ubuntu** 系统，请使用 **[apt 命令][3]** 或 **[apt-get 命令][4]** 安装 Tmpreaper。
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```
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$ sudo apt-get install tmpreaper
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```
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对于 **openSUSE** 系统，请使用 **[zypper 命令][5]** 安装 Tmpwatch。
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```
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$ sudo zypper install -y tmpwatch
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```
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对于 **Fedora** 系统，请使用 **[dnf 命令][6]** 安装 Tmpwatch。
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```
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$ sudo dnf install -y tmpwatch
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```
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**请注意：** 如果你使用的是基于 Debian 的系统，请使用 “tmpreaper” 而不是 tmpwatch。所有例子都将按预期工作。
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### 了解关键选项和参数
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* **atime**（文件上次访问时间）– atime 显示命令或脚本等任意进程最后一次访问文件中数据的时间。
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* **mtime**（文件上次修改时间）– mtime 显示你修改文件内容或保存文件的时间。除非文件属性被更新，否则大多数情况下 ctime 和 mtime 会相同。
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* **ctime**（文件上次更改时间）– ctime 显示文件元数据更改时间。这意味着更改文件属性的时间（如所有权或组等）。
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* **dirmtime**（目录的上次修改时间）– dirmtime 显示目录的上一次修改时间。
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time 参数定义删除文件的阈值。
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* d – 天
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* h – 小时
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* m – 分钟
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* s – 秒
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### 如何使用 Tmpwatch 命令删除一段时间未访问的文件
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正如我在本文开头所说，Tmpwatch 默认（atime）根据文件访问时间删除文件。另外，由于小时是默认参数，因此如果使用小时单位，那么无需在时间上添加后缀。
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例如，运行以下命令以递归方式删除过去 5 个小时未访问的文件。
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```
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# tmpwatch 5 /tmp
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```
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运行以下命令删除最近 10 个小时未修改的文件。如果要使用 mtime 删除文件，那么需要在 tmpwatch 命令中添加 “-m” 选项。
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```
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# tmpwatch -m 10 /home/daygeek/Downloads
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```
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### 如何使用 Tmpwatch 命令删除超过 “X” 天未访问的文件
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如果要使用天数删除文件，那么需要添加后缀 “d”。以下示例删除了 30 天以上的文件。
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```
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# tmpwatch 30d /home/daygeek/Downloads
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```
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### 如何使用 Tmpwatch 命令删除一段时间内未访问的所有文件
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以下命令将删除所有文件类型，而不仅仅是基于 mtime 的常规文件、符号链接和目录。
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```
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# tmpwatch -am 12 /tmp
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```
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### 如何在 Tmpwatch 中排除目录
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以下命令将删除所有文件，并排除过去 10 个小时未修改的目录。
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```
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# tmpwatch -am 10 --nodirs /home/daygeek/Downloads
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```
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### 如何在 Tmpwatch 中排除特定路径
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以下命令将删除所有文件，除了下面在过去 10 个小时未被修改的文件夹。
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```
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# tmpwatch -am 10 --exclude=/home/daygeek/Downloads/Movies /home/daygeek/Downloads
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```
|
||||
|
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### 如何在 Tmpwatch 中排除特定模式
|
||||
|
||||
以下命令将删除所有文件，除了下面在过去 10 小时未被修改的满足该模式的文件。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# tmpwatch -am 10 --exclude-pattern='*.pdf' /home/daygeek/Downloads
|
||||
```
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|
||||
### 如何让 Tmpwatch 命令空运行
|
||||
|
||||
如果要空运行，请运行以下命令。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# tmpwatch -t 5h /home/daygeek/Downloads
|
||||
```
|
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|
||||
### 如何设置 cronjob 来使用 Tmpwatch 定期删除文件
|
||||
|
||||
默认情况下，它在 **“/etc/cron.daily/tmpreaper”** 目录下有一个 **[cronjob][7]** 文件。该 cronjob 根据位于 **“/etc/timereaper.conf”** 中的配置文件工作。你可以根据需要自定义文件。
|
||||
|
||||
它每天运行一次，并删除 7 天之前的文件。
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||||
|
||||
另外，如果你希望常规执行某项操作，那么可以根据需要手动添加一个 cronjob。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# crontab -e
|
||||
|
||||
0 10 * * * /usr/sbin/tmpwatch 15d /home/daygeek/Downloads
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||||
```
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||||
|
||||
上面的 cronjob 将在每天上午 10 点删除早于 15 天的文件。
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||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-remove-files-older-than-n-days-using-tmpwatch-tmpreaper-on-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/bash-script-to-delete-files-folders-older-than-x-days-in-linux/
|
||||
[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-yum-command-examples-manage-packages-rhel-centos-systems/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/apt-command-examples-manage-packages-debian-ubuntu-systems/
|
||||
[4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/apt-get-apt-cache-command-examples-manage-packages-debian-ubuntu-systems/
|
||||
[5]: https://www.2daygeek.com/zypper-command-examples-manage-packages-opensuse-system/
|
||||
[6]: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-dnf-command-examples-manage-packages-fedora-centos-rhel-systems/
|
||||
[7]: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-crontab-cron-job-to-schedule-jobs-task/
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user