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How to use the SSH and SFTP protocols on your home network
======
Use the SSH and SFTP protocols to access other devices, efficiently and securely transfer files, and more.
![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/openwires_fromRHT_520_0612LL.png?itok=PqZi55Ab)
Years ago, I decided to set up an extra computer (I always have extra computers) so that I could access it from work to transfer files I might need. To do this, the basic first step is to have your ISP assign a fixed IP address.
The not-so-basic but much more important next step is to set up your accessible system safely. In this particular case, I was planning to access it only from work, so I could restrict access to that IP address. Even so, you want to use all possible security features. What is amazing—and scary—is that as soon as you set this up, people from all over the world will immediately attempt to access your system. You can discover this by checking the logs. I presume there are bots constantly searching for open doors wherever they can find them.
Not long after I set up my computer, I decided my access was more a toy than a need, so I turned it off and gave myself one less thing to worry about. Nonetheless, there is another use for SSH and SFTP inside your home network, and it is more or less already set up for you.
One requirement, of course, is that the other computer in your home must be turned on, although it doesn’t matter whether someone is logged on or not. You also need to know its IP address. There are two ways to find this out. One is to get access to the router, which you can do through a browser. Typically, its address is something like **192.168.1.254**. With some searching, it should be easy enough to find out what is currently on and hooked up to the system by eth0 or WiFi. What can be challenging is recognizing the computer you’re interested in.
I find it easier to go to the computer in question, bring up a shell, and type:
```
ifconfig
```
This spits out a lot of information, but the bit you want is right after `inet` and might look something like **192.168.1.234**. After you find that, go back to the client computer you want to access this host, and on the command line, type:
```
ssh gregp@192.168.1.234
```
For this to work, **gregp** must be a valid user on that system. You will then be asked for his password, and if you enter it correctly, you will be connected to that other computer in a shell environment. I confess that I don’t use SSH in this way very often. I have used it at times so I can run `dnf` to upgrade some other computer than the one I’m sitting at. Usually, I use SFTP:
```
sftp gregp@192.168.1.234
```
because I have a greater need for an easy method of transferring files from one computer to another. It’s certainly more convenient and less time-consuming than using a USB stick or an external drive.
`get`, to receive files from the host; and `put`, to send files to the host. I usually migrate to the directory on my client where I either want to save files I will get from the host or send to the host before I connect. When you connect, you will be in the top-level directory—in this example, **home/gregp**. Once connected, you can then use `cd` just as you would in your client, except now you’re changing your working directory on the host. You may need to use `ls` to make sure you know where you are.
Once you’re connected, the two basic commands for SFTP are, to receive files from the host; and, to send files to the host. I usually migrate to the directory on my client where I either want to save files I will get from the host or send to the host before I connect. When you connect, you will be in the top-level directory—in this example,. Once connected, you can then usejust as you would in your client, except now you’re changing your working directory on the host. You may need to useto make sure you know where you are.
If you need to change the working directory on your client, use the command `lcd` (as in **local change directory** ). Similarly, use `lls` to show the working directory contents on your client system.
What if the host doesn’t have a directory with the name you would like? Use `mkdir` to make a new directory on it. Or you might copy a whole directory of files to the host with this:
```
put -r ThisDir/
```
which creates the directory and then copies all of its files and subdirectories to the host. These transfers are extremely fast, as fast as your hardware allows, and have none of the bottlenecks you might encounter on the internet. To see a list of commands you can use in an SFTP session, check:
```
man sftp
```
I have also been able to put SFTP to use on a Windows VM on my computer, yet another advantage of setting up a VM rather than a dual-boot system. This lets me move files to or from the Linux part of the system. So far I have only done this using a client in Windows.
You can also use SSH and SFTP to access any devices connected to your router by wire or WiFi. For a while, I used an app called [SSHDroid][1], which runs SSH in a passive mode. In other words, you use your computer to access the Android device that is the host. Recently I found another app, [Admin Hands][2], where the tablet or phone is the client and can be used for either SSH or SFTP operations. This app is great for backing up or sharing photos from your phone.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/18/10/ssh-sftp-home-network
作者：[Geg Pittman][a]
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/greg-p
[1]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=berserker.android.apps.sshdroid
[2]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.arpaplus.adminhands&hl=en_US

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如何在家中使用 SSH 和 SFTP 协议
======
通过 SSH 和 SFTP 协议 ，我们能够访问其他设备 ，有效而且安全的传输文件及更多 。
![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/openwires_fromRHT_520_0612LL.png?itok=PqZi55Ab)
多年前 ，我决定配置一个额外的电脑 ，以便我能在工作时能够访问它来传输我所需要的文件 。最基本的一步是要求你的网络提供商 （ ISP ）提供一个固定的地址 （ IP Address ）。
保证你系统的访问是安全的 ，这是一个不必要但很重要的步骤 。在此种特殊情况下 ，我计划只在工作的时候能够访问它 。所以我能够约束访问的 IP 地址 。即使如此 ，你依然要尽多的采用安全措施 。一旦你建立起来这个 ，全世界的人们都能立即访问你的系统 。这是非常令人惊奇及恐慌的 。你能通过日志文件来发现这一点 。我推测有探测机器人在尽它们所能的搜索那些没有安全措施的系统 。
在我建立系统不久后 ，我觉得我的访问是一个简单的玩具而不是我想要的 ，为此 ，我将它关闭了好让我不在为它而担心 。尽管如此 ，这个系统在家庭网络中对于 SSH 和 SFTP 还有其他的用途 ，它至少已经为你而创建了 。
一个必备条件 ，你家的另一台电脑必须已经开机了 ，至于电脑是否已经非常老旧是没有影响的 。你也需要知道另一台电脑的 IP 地址 。有两个方法能够知道做到 ，一个是通过网页进入你的路由器 ，一般情况下你的地址格式类似于 **192.168.1.254** 。通过一些搜索 ，找出当前是开机的并且和系统 eth0 或者 wifi 挂钩的系统是足够简单的 。如何组织你所敢兴趣的电脑是一个挑战 。
询问电脑问题是简单的 ，打开 shell ，输入 ：
```
ifconfig
```
命令会输出一些信息 ，你所需要的信息在 `inet` 后面 ，看起来和 **192.168.1.234** 类似 。当你发现这个后 ，回到你的客户端电脑 ，在命令行中输入 ：
```
ssh gregp@192.168.1.234
```
上面的命令能够正常执行 ，**gregp** 必须在主机系统中是中确的用户名 。用户的密码也会被需要 。如果你键入的密码和用户名都是正确的 ，你将通过 shell 环境连接上了其他电脑 。我坦诚 ，对于 SSH 我并不是经常使用的 。我偶尔使用它 ，所以我能够运行 `dnf` 来更新我就坐的其他电脑 。通常 ，我用 SFTP ：
```
sftp grego@192.168.1.234
```
对于用更简单的方法来把一个文件传输到另一个文件 ，我有很强烈的需求 。相对于闪存棒和额外的设备 ，它更加方便 ，耗时更少 。
一旦连接建立成功 ，SFTP 有两个基本的命令 ，`get` ，从主机接收文件 ；`put` ，向主机发送文件 。在客户端 ，我经常移动到我想接收或者传输的文件夹下 ，在开始连接之前 。在连接之后 ，你将在顶层目录 **home/gregp** 。一旦连接成功 ，你将和在客户端一样的使用 `cd` ，除非在主机上你改变了你的工作路径 。你会需要用 `ls` 来确认你的位置 。
在客户端 ，如果你想改变工作路劲 。用 `lcd` 命令 （ **local change directory**）。相同的 ，用 `lls` 来显示客户端工作目录的内容 。
如果你不喜欢主机工作目录的名字时 ，你该怎么办 ？用 `mkdir` 在主机上创建一个新的文件夹 。或者将整个文件全拷贝到主机 ：
```
put -r thisDir/
```
在主机上创建文件夹和传输文件以及子文件夹是非常快速的 ，能达到硬件的上限 。在网络传输的过程中不会遇到瓶颈 。查看 SFTP 能够使用的功能 ，查看 ：
```
man sftp
```
在我的电脑上我也可以在 windows 虚拟机上用 SFTP ，另一个优势是配置一个虚拟机而不是一个双系统 。这让我能够在系统的 Linux 部分移入或者移出文件 。到目前为止 ，我只用了 windows 的客户端 。
你能够进入到任何通过无线或者 WIFI 连接到你路由器的设备 。暂时 ，我使用一个叫做 [SSHDroid][1] 的应用 ，能够在被动模式下运行 SSH 。换句话来说 ，你能够用你的电脑访问作为主机的 Android 设备 。近来我还发现了另外一个应用 ，[Admin Hands][2] ，不管你的客户端是桌面还是手机 ，都能使用 SSH 或者 SFTP 操作 。这个应用对于备份和手机分享照片是极好的 。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/18/10/ssh-sftp-home-network
作者：[Geg Pittman][a]
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
译者：[singledo](https://github.com/singledo)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/greg-p
[1]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=berserker.android.apps.sshdroid
[2]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.arpaplus.adminhands&hl=en_US