From 897129506aa4e9891830fdb8b0cebce0d4fdb3aa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jessie-pang <35220454+jessie-pang@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 4 Aug 2018 17:36:01 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Delete 20180306 How To Check All Running Services In Linux.md --- ... To Check All Running Services In Linux.md | 518 ------------------ 1 file changed, 518 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20180306 How To Check All Running Services In Linux.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20180306 How To Check All Running Services In Linux.md b/sources/tech/20180306 How To Check All Running Services In Linux.md deleted file mode 100644 index 69fe3cff8d..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20180306 How To Check All Running Services In Linux.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,518 +0,0 @@ -Translating by jessie-pang - -How To Check All Running Services In Linux -====== - -There are many ways and tools to check and list all running services in Linux. Usually most of the administrator use `service service-name status` or `/etc/init.d/service-name status` for sysVinit system and `systemctl status service-name` for systemd systems. - -The above command clearly shows that the mentioned service is running on server or not. It is very simple and basic command that should known by every Linux administrator. - -If you are new to your environment and you don’t know what services are running on the system. How do you check? - -Yes, we can check this. This will will help us to understand what are the services are running on the system and whether it’s necessary or need to disable. - -### What Is SysVinit - -init (short for initialization) is the first process started during booting of the computer system. Init is a daemon process that continues running until the system is shut down. - -SysVinit is an old and traditional init system and system manager for old systems. Most of the latest distributions were adapted to systemd system due to some of the long pending issues on sysVinit system. - -### What Is systemd - -systemd is a new init system and system manager which is become very popular and widely adapted new standard init system by most of Linux distributions. Systemctl is a systemd utility which is help us to manage systemd system. - -### Method-1: How To Check Running Services In sysVinit System - -The below command helps us to check and list all running services in sysVinit system. - -If you have many number of services, i would advise you to use file view commands such as less, more, etc commands for clear view. -``` -# service --status-all -or -# service --status-all | more -or -# service --status-all | less - -abrt-ccpp hook is installed -abrtd (pid 2131) is running... -abrt-dump-oops is stopped -acpid (pid 1958) is running... -atd (pid 2164) is running... -auditd (pid 1731) is running... -Frequency scaling enabled using ondemand governor -crond (pid 2153) is running... -hald (pid 1967) is running... -htcacheclean is stopped -httpd is stopped -Table: filter -Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) -num target prot opt source destination -1 ACCEPT all ::/0 ::/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -2 ACCEPT icmpv6 ::/0 ::/0 -3 ACCEPT all ::/0 ::/0 -4 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:80 -5 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:21 -6 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:22 -7 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:25 -8 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:2082 -9 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:2086 -10 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:2083 -11 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:2087 -12 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:10000 -13 REJECT all ::/0 ::/0 reject-with icmp6-adm-prohibited - -Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) -num target prot opt source destination -1 REJECT all ::/0 ::/0 reject-with icmp6-adm-prohibited - -Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) -num target prot opt source destination - -iptables: Firewall is not running. -irqbalance (pid 1826) is running... -Kdump is operational -lvmetad is stopped -mdmonitor is stopped -messagebus (pid 1929) is running... - SUCCESS! MySQL running (24376) -rndc: neither /etc/rndc.conf nor /etc/rndc.key was found -named is stopped -netconsole module not loaded -Usage: startup.sh { start | stop } -Configured devices: -lo eth0 eth1 -Currently active devices: -lo eth0 -ntpd is stopped -portreserve (pid 1749) is running... -master (pid 2107) is running... -Process accounting is disabled. -quota_nld is stopped -rdisc is stopped -rngd is stopped -rpcbind (pid 1840) is running... -rsyslogd (pid 1756) is running... -sandbox is stopped -saslauthd is stopped -smartd is stopped -openssh-daemon (pid 9859) is running... -svnserve is stopped -vsftpd (pid 4008) is running... -xinetd (pid 2031) is running... -zabbix_agentd (pid 2150 2149 2148 2147 2146 2140) is running... - -``` - -Run the following command to view only running services in the system. -``` -# service --status-all | grep running - -crond (pid 535) is running... -httpd (pid 627) is running... -mysqld (pid 911) is running... -rndc: neither /etc/rndc.conf nor /etc/rndc.key was found -rsyslogd (pid 449) is running... -saslauthd (pid 492) is running... -sendmail (pid 509) is running... -sm-client (pid 519) is running... -openssh-daemon (pid 478) is running... -xinetd (pid 485) is running... - -``` - -Run the following command to view the particular service status. -``` -# service --status-all | grep httpd -httpd (pid 627) is running... - -``` - -Alternatively use the following command to view the particular service status. -``` -# service httpd status - -httpd (pid 627) is running... - -``` - -Use the following command to view the list of running services enabled in boot. -``` -# chkconfig --list -crond 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off -htcacheclean 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off -httpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:off 6:off -ip6tables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:off 4:on 5:on 6:off -iptables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off -modules_dep 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off -mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off -named 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off -netconsole 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off -netfs 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:on 5:on 6:off -network 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off -nmb 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off -nscd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off -portreserve 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:off 4:on 5:on 6:off -quota_nld 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off -rdisc 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off -restorecond 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off -rpcbind 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:off 4:on 5:on 6:off -rsyslog 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off -saslauthd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:off 6:off -sendmail 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off -smb 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off -snmpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off -snmptrapd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off -sshd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off -udev-post 0:off 1:on 2:on 3:off 4:on 5:on 6:off -winbind 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off -xinetd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off - -xinetd based services: - chargen-dgram: off - chargen-stream: off - daytime-dgram: off - daytime-stream: off - discard-dgram: off - discard-stream: off - echo-dgram: off - echo-stream: off - finger: off - ntalk: off - rsync: off - talk: off - tcpmux-server: off - time-dgram: off - time-stream: off - -``` - -### Method-2: How To Check Running Services In systemd System - -The below command helps us to check and list all running services in “systemd” system. -``` -# systemctl - - UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION - sys-devices-virtual-block-loop0.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop0 - sys-devices-virtual-block-loop1.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop1 - sys-devices-virtual-block-loop2.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop2 - sys-devices-virtual-block-loop3.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop3 - sys-devices-virtual-block-loop4.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop4 - sys-devices-virtual-misc-rfkill.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/misc/rfkill - sys-devices-virtual-tty-ttyprintk.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/tty/ttyprintk - sys-module-fuse.device loaded active plugged /sys/module/fuse - sys-subsystem-net-devices-enp0s3.device loaded active plugged 82540EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter) - -.mount loaded active mounted Root Mount - dev-hugepages.mount loaded active mounted Huge Pages File System - dev-mqueue.mount loaded active mounted POSIX Message Queue File System - run-user-1000-gvfs.mount loaded active mounted /run/user/1000/gvfs - run-user-1000.mount loaded active mounted /run/user/1000 - snap-core-3887.mount loaded active mounted Mount unit for core - snap-core-4017.mount loaded active mounted Mount unit for core - snap-core-4110.mount loaded active mounted Mount unit for core - snap-gping-13.mount loaded active mounted Mount unit for gping - snap-termius\x2dapp-8.mount loaded active mounted Mount unit for termius-app - sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount loaded active mounted FUSE Control File System - sys-kernel-debug.mount loaded active mounted Debug File System - acpid.path loaded active running ACPI Events Check - cups.path loaded active running CUPS Scheduler - systemd-ask-password-plymouth.path loaded active waiting Forward Password Requests to Plymouth Directory Watch - systemd-ask-password-wall.path loaded active waiting Forward Password Requests to Wall Directory Watch - init.scope loaded active running System and Service Manager - session-c2.scope loaded active running Session c2 of user magi - accounts-daemon.service loaded active running Accounts Service - acpid.service loaded active running ACPI event daemon - anacron.service loaded active running Run anacron jobs - apache2.service loaded active running The Apache HTTP Server - apparmor.service loaded active exited AppArmor initialization - apport.service loaded active exited LSB: automatic crash report generation - aptik-battery-monitor.service loaded active running LSB: start/stop the aptik battery monitor daemon - atop.service loaded active running Atop advanced performance monitor - atopacct.service loaded active running Atop process accounting daemon - avahi-daemon.service loaded active running Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack - colord.service loaded active running Manage, Install and Generate Color Profiles - console-setup.service loaded active exited Set console font and keymap - cron.service loaded active running Regular background program processing daemon - cups-browsed.service loaded active running Make remote CUPS printers available locally - cups.service loaded active running CUPS Scheduler - dbus.service loaded active running D-Bus System Message Bus - postfix.service loaded active exited Postfix Mail Transport Agent - -``` - - * **`UNIT`** Unit describe about the corresponding systemd unit name. - * **`LOAD`** This describes whether the corresponding unit currently loaded in memory or not. - * **`ACTIVE`** It’s indicate whether the unit is active or not. - * **`SUB`** It’s indicate whether the unit is running state or not. - * **`DESCRIPTION`** A short description about the unit. - - - -The below option help you to list units based on the type. -``` -# systemctl list-units --type service - UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION - accounts-daemon.service loaded active running Accounts Service - acpid.service loaded active running ACPI event daemon - anacron.service loaded active running Run anacron jobs - apache2.service loaded active running The Apache HTTP Server - apparmor.service loaded active exited AppArmor initialization - apport.service loaded active exited LSB: automatic crash report generation - aptik-battery-monitor.service loaded active running LSB: start/stop the aptik battery monitor daemon - atop.service loaded active running Atop advanced performance monitor - atopacct.service loaded active running Atop process accounting daemon - avahi-daemon.service loaded active running Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack - colord.service loaded active running Manage, Install and Generate Color Profiles - console-setup.service loaded active exited Set console font and keymap - cron.service loaded active running Regular background program processing daemon - cups-browsed.service loaded active running Make remote CUPS printers available locally - cups.service loaded active running CUPS Scheduler - dbus.service loaded active running D-Bus System Message Bus - fwupd.service loaded active running Firmware update daemon - [email protected] loaded active running Getty on tty1 - grub-common.service loaded active exited LSB: Record successful boot for GRUB - irqbalance.service loaded active running LSB: daemon to balance interrupts for SMP systems - keyboard-setup.service loaded active exited Set the console keyboard layout - kmod-static-nodes.service loaded active exited Create list of required static device nodes for the current kernel - -``` - -The below option help you to list units based on the state. It’s similar to the above output but straight forward. -``` -# systemctl list-unit-files --type service - -UNIT FILE STATE -accounts-daemon.service enabled -acpid.service disabled -alsa-restore.service static -alsa-state.service static -alsa-utils.service masked -anacron-resume.service enabled -anacron.service enabled -apache-htcacheclean.service disabled -[email protected] disabled -apache2.service enabled -[email protected] disabled -apparmor.service enabled -[email protected] static -apport.service generated -apt-daily-upgrade.service static -apt-daily.service static -aptik-battery-monitor.service generated -atop.service enabled -atopacct.service enabled -[email protected] enabled -avahi-daemon.service enabled -bluetooth.service enabled - -``` - -Run the following command to view the particular service status. -``` -# systemctl | grep apache2 - apache2.service loaded active running The Apache HTTP Server - -``` - -Alternatively use the following command to view the particular service status. -``` -# systemctl status apache2 -● apache2.service - The Apache HTTP Server - Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/apache2.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) - Drop-In: /lib/systemd/system/apache2.service.d - └─apache2-systemd.conf - Active: active (running) since Tue 2018-03-06 12:34:09 IST; 8min ago - Process: 2786 ExecReload=/usr/sbin/apachectl graceful (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) - Main PID: 1171 (apache2) - Tasks: 55 (limit: 4915) - CGroup: /system.slice/apache2.service - ├─1171 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start - ├─2790 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start - └─2791 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start - -Mar 06 12:34:08 magi-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server... -Mar 06 12:34:09 magi-VirtualBox apachectl[1089]: AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 10.0.2.15. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppre -Mar 06 12:34:09 magi-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server. -Mar 06 12:39:10 magi-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Reloading The Apache HTTP Server. -Mar 06 12:39:10 magi-VirtualBox apachectl[2786]: AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using fe80::7929:4ed1:279f:4d65. Set the 'ServerName' directive gl -Mar 06 12:39:10 magi-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Reloaded The Apache HTTP Server. - -``` - -Run the following command to view only running services in the system. -``` -# systemctl | grep running - acpid.path loaded active running ACPI Events Check - cups.path loaded active running CUPS Scheduler - init.scope loaded active running System and Service Manager - session-c2.scope loaded active running Session c2 of user magi - accounts-daemon.service loaded active running Accounts Service - acpid.service loaded active running ACPI event daemon - apache2.service loaded active running The Apache HTTP Server - aptik-battery-monitor.service loaded active running LSB: start/stop the aptik battery monitor daemon - atop.service loaded active running Atop advanced performance monitor - atopacct.service loaded active running Atop process accounting daemon - avahi-daemon.service loaded active running Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack - colord.service loaded active running Manage, Install and Generate Color Profiles - cron.service loaded active running Regular background program processing daemon - cups-browsed.service loaded active running Make remote CUPS printers available locally - cups.service loaded active running CUPS Scheduler - dbus.service loaded active running D-Bus System Message Bus - fwupd.service loaded active running Firmware update daemon - [email protected] loaded active running Getty on tty1 - irqbalance.service loaded active running LSB: daemon to balance interrupts for SMP systems - lightdm.service loaded active running Light Display Manager - ModemManager.service loaded active running Modem Manager - NetworkManager.service loaded active running Network Manager - polkit.service loaded active running Authorization Manager - -``` - -Use the following command to view the list of running services enabled in boot. -``` -# systemctl list-unit-files | grep enabled -acpid.path enabled -cups.path enabled -accounts-daemon.service enabled -anacron-resume.service enabled -anacron.service enabled -apache2.service enabled -apparmor.service enabled -atop.service enabled -atopacct.service enabled -[email protected] enabled -avahi-daemon.service enabled -bluetooth.service enabled -console-setup.service enabled -cron.service enabled -cups-browsed.service enabled -cups.service enabled -display-manager.service enabled -dns-clean.service enabled -friendly-recovery.service enabled -[email protected] enabled -gpu-manager.service enabled -keyboard-setup.service enabled -lightdm.service enabled -ModemManager.service enabled -network-manager.service enabled -networking.service enabled -NetworkManager-dispatcher.service enabled -NetworkManager-wait-online.service enabled -NetworkManager.service enabled - -``` - -systemd-cgtop show top control groups by their resource usage such as tasks, CPU, Memory, Input, and Output. -``` -# systemd-cgtop - -Control Group Tasks %CPU Memory Input/s Output/s -/ - - 1.5G - - -/init.scope 1 - - - - -/system.slice 153 - - - - -/system.slice/ModemManager.service 3 - - - - -/system.slice/NetworkManager.service 4 - - - - -/system.slice/accounts-daemon.service 3 - - - - -/system.slice/acpid.service 1 - - - - -/system.slice/apache2.service 55 - - - - -/system.slice/aptik-battery-monitor.service 1 - - - - -/system.slice/atop.service 1 - - - - -/system.slice/atopacct.service 1 - - - - -/system.slice/avahi-daemon.service 2 - - - - -/system.slice/colord.service 3 - - - - -/system.slice/cron.service 1 - - - - -/system.slice/cups-browsed.service 3 - - - - -/system.slice/cups.service 2 - - - - -/system.slice/dbus.service 6 - - - - -/system.slice/fwupd.service 5 - - - - -/system.slice/irqbalance.service 1 - - - - -/system.slice/lightdm.service 7 - - - - -/system.slice/polkit.service 3 - - - - -/system.slice/repowerd.service 14 - - - - -/system.slice/rsyslog.service 4 - - - - -/system.slice/rtkit-daemon.service 3 - - - - -/system.slice/snapd.service 8 - - - - -/system.slice/system-getty.slice 1 - - - - - -``` - -Also we can check the running services using pstree command (Output from SysVinit system). -``` -# pstree -init-|-crond - |-httpd---2*[httpd] - |-kthreadd/99149---khelper/99149 - |-2*[mingetty] - |-mysqld_safe---mysqld---9*[{mysqld}] - |-rsyslogd---3*[{rsyslogd}] - |-saslauthd---saslauthd - |-2*[sendmail] - |-sshd---sshd---bash---pstree - |-udevd - `-xinetd - -``` - -Also we can check the running services using pstree command (Output from systemd system). -``` -# pstree -systemd─┬─ModemManager─┬─{gdbus} - │ └─{gmain} - ├─NetworkManager─┬─dhclient - │ ├─{gdbus} - │ └─{gmain} - ├─accounts-daemon─┬─{gdbus} - │ └─{gmain} - ├─acpid - ├─agetty - ├─anacron - ├─apache2───2*[apache2───26*[{apache2}]] - ├─aptd───{gmain} - ├─aptik-battery-m - ├─atop - ├─atopacctd - ├─avahi-daemon───avahi-daemon - ├─colord─┬─{gdbus} - │ └─{gmain} - ├─cron - ├─cups-browsed─┬─{gdbus} - │ └─{gmain} - ├─cupsd - ├─dbus-daemon - ├─fwupd─┬─{GUsbEventThread} - │ ├─{fwupd} - │ ├─{gdbus} - │ └─{gmain} - ├─gnome-keyring-d─┬─{gdbus} - │ ├─{gmain} - │ └─{timer} - -``` - -### Method-3: How To Check Running Services In systemd System using chkservice - -chkservice is a new tool for managing systemd units in terminal. It requires super user privileges to manage the units. -``` -# chkservice - -``` - -![][1] - -To view help page, hit `?` button. This will shows you available options to manage the systemd services. -![][2] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-check-all-running-services-in-linux/ - -作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]:https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/ -[1]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/chkservice-1.png -[2]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/chkservice-2.png From 9f7c2ff23ea240adae735b35938106ec3f34f7b7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jessie-pang <35220454+jessie-pang@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 4 Aug 2018 17:37:02 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 2/2] 20180306 How To Check All Running Services In Linux.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 翻译完成 --- ... To Check All Running Services In Linux.md | 516 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 516 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/tech/20180306 How To Check All Running Services In Linux.md diff --git a/translated/tech/20180306 How To Check All Running Services In Linux.md b/translated/tech/20180306 How To Check All Running Services In Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b9e136a5fc --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20180306 How To Check All Running Services In Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,516 @@ +如何查看 Linux 中所有正在运行的服务 +====== + + +有许多方法和工具可以查看 Linux 中所有正在运行的服务。大多数管理员会在 sysVinit 系统中使用 `service service-name status` 或 `/etc/init.d/service-name status`，而在 systemd 系统中使用 `systemctl status service-name`。 + +以上命令可以清楚地显示该服务是否在服务器上运行，这也是每个 Linux 管理员都该知道的非常简单和基础的命令。 + +如果你对系统环境并不熟悉，也不清楚系统在运行哪些服务，你会如何检查？ + +是的，我们的确有必要这样检查一下。这将有助于我们了解系统上运行了什么服务，以及哪些是必要的、哪些需要被禁用。 + +### 什么是 SysVinit + +init（初始化 initialization 的简称）是在系统启动期间运行的第一个进程。Init 是一个守护进程，它将持续运行直至关机。 + +SysVinit 是早期传统的 init 系统和系统管理器。由于 sysVinit 系统上一些长期悬而未决的问题，大多数最新的发行版都适用于 systemd 系统。 + +### 什么是 systemd + +systemd 是一个新的 init 系统以及系统管理器，它已成为大多数 Linux 发行版中非常流行且广泛适应的新的标准 init 系统。Systemctl 是一个 systemd 管理工具，它可以帮助我们管理 systemd 系统。 + +### 方法一：如何在 sysVinit 系统中查看运行的服务 + +以下命令可以帮助我们列出 sysVinit 系统中所有正在运行的服务。 + +如果服务很多，我建议使用文件视图命令，如 less、more 等，以便得到清晰的结果。 +``` +# service --status-all +or +# service --status-all | more +or +# service --status-all | less + +abrt-ccpp hook is installed +abrtd (pid 2131) is running... +abrt-dump-oops is stopped +acpid (pid 1958) is running... +atd (pid 2164) is running... +auditd (pid 1731) is running... +Frequency scaling enabled using ondemand governor +crond (pid 2153) is running... +hald (pid 1967) is running... +htcacheclean is stopped +httpd is stopped +Table: filter +Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) +num target prot opt source destination +1 ACCEPT all ::/0 ::/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED +2 ACCEPT icmpv6 ::/0 ::/0 +3 ACCEPT all ::/0 ::/0 +4 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:80 +5 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:21 +6 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:22 +7 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:25 +8 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:2082 +9 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:2086 +10 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:2083 +11 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:2087 +12 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:10000 +13 REJECT all ::/0 ::/0 reject-with icmp6-adm-prohibited + +Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) +num target prot opt source destination +1 REJECT all ::/0 ::/0 reject-with icmp6-adm-prohibited + +Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) +num target prot opt source destination + +iptables: Firewall is not running. +irqbalance (pid 1826) is running... +Kdump is operational +lvmetad is stopped +mdmonitor is stopped +messagebus (pid 1929) is running... + SUCCESS! MySQL running (24376) +rndc: neither /etc/rndc.conf nor /etc/rndc.key was found +named is stopped +netconsole module not loaded +Usage: startup.sh { start | stop } +Configured devices: +lo eth0 eth1 +Currently active devices: +lo eth0 +ntpd is stopped +portreserve (pid 1749) is running... +master (pid 2107) is running... +Process accounting is disabled. +quota_nld is stopped +rdisc is stopped +rngd is stopped +rpcbind (pid 1840) is running... +rsyslogd (pid 1756) is running... +sandbox is stopped +saslauthd is stopped +smartd is stopped +openssh-daemon (pid 9859) is running... +svnserve is stopped +vsftpd (pid 4008) is running... +xinetd (pid 2031) is running... +zabbix_agentd (pid 2150 2149 2148 2147 2146 2140) is running... + +``` + +执行以下命令，可以只查看正在运行的服务。 +``` +# service --status-all | grep running + +crond (pid 535) is running... +httpd (pid 627) is running... +mysqld (pid 911) is running... +rndc: neither /etc/rndc.conf nor /etc/rndc.key was found +rsyslogd (pid 449) is running... +saslauthd (pid 492) is running... +sendmail (pid 509) is running... +sm-client (pid 519) is running... +openssh-daemon (pid 478) is running... +xinetd (pid 485) is running... + +``` + +运行以下命令以查看指定服务的状态。 +``` +# service --status-all | grep httpd +httpd (pid 627) is running... + +``` + +或者，使用以下命令也可以查看指定服务的状态。 +``` +# service httpd status + +httpd (pid 627) is running... + +``` + +使用以下命令查看系统启动时哪些服务会被启用。 +``` +# chkconfig --list +crond 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off +htcacheclean 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off +httpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:off 6:off +ip6tables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:off 4:on 5:on 6:off +iptables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off +modules_dep 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off +mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off +named 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off +netconsole 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off +netfs 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:on 5:on 6:off +network 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off +nmb 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off +nscd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off +portreserve 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:off 4:on 5:on 6:off +quota_nld 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off +rdisc 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off +restorecond 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off +rpcbind 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:off 4:on 5:on 6:off +rsyslog 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off +saslauthd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:off 6:off +sendmail 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off +smb 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off +snmpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off +snmptrapd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off +sshd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off +udev-post 0:off 1:on 2:on 3:off 4:on 5:on 6:off +winbind 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off +xinetd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off + +xinetd based services: + chargen-dgram: off + chargen-stream: off + daytime-dgram: off + daytime-stream: off + discard-dgram: off + discard-stream: off + echo-dgram: off + echo-stream: off + finger: off + ntalk: off + rsync: off + talk: off + tcpmux-server: off + time-dgram: off + time-stream: off + +``` + +### 方法二：如何在 systemd 系统中查看运行的服务 + +以下命令帮助我们列出 systemd 系统中所有服务。 +``` +# systemctl + + UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION + sys-devices-virtual-block-loop0.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop0 + sys-devices-virtual-block-loop1.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop1 + sys-devices-virtual-block-loop2.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop2 + sys-devices-virtual-block-loop3.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop3 + sys-devices-virtual-block-loop4.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop4 + sys-devices-virtual-misc-rfkill.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/misc/rfkill + sys-devices-virtual-tty-ttyprintk.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/tty/ttyprintk + sys-module-fuse.device loaded active plugged /sys/module/fuse + sys-subsystem-net-devices-enp0s3.device loaded active plugged 82540EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter) + -.mount loaded active mounted Root Mount + dev-hugepages.mount loaded active mounted Huge Pages File System + dev-mqueue.mount loaded active mounted POSIX Message Queue File System + run-user-1000-gvfs.mount loaded active mounted /run/user/1000/gvfs + run-user-1000.mount loaded active mounted /run/user/1000 + snap-core-3887.mount loaded active mounted Mount unit for core + snap-core-4017.mount loaded active mounted Mount unit for core + snap-core-4110.mount loaded active mounted Mount unit for core + snap-gping-13.mount loaded active mounted Mount unit for gping + snap-termius\x2dapp-8.mount loaded active mounted Mount unit for termius-app + sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount loaded active mounted FUSE Control File System + sys-kernel-debug.mount loaded active mounted Debug File System + acpid.path loaded active running ACPI Events Check + cups.path loaded active running CUPS Scheduler + systemd-ask-password-plymouth.path loaded active waiting Forward Password Requests to Plymouth Directory Watch + systemd-ask-password-wall.path loaded active waiting Forward Password Requests to Wall Directory Watch + init.scope loaded active running System and Service Manager + session-c2.scope loaded active running Session c2 of user magi + accounts-daemon.service loaded active running Accounts Service + acpid.service loaded active running ACPI event daemon + anacron.service loaded active running Run anacron jobs + apache2.service loaded active running The Apache HTTP Server + apparmor.service loaded active exited AppArmor initialization + apport.service loaded active exited LSB: automatic crash report generation + aptik-battery-monitor.service loaded active running LSB: start/stop the aptik battery monitor daemon + atop.service loaded active running Atop advanced performance monitor + atopacct.service loaded active running Atop process accounting daemon + avahi-daemon.service loaded active running Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack + colord.service loaded active running Manage, Install and Generate Color Profiles + console-setup.service loaded active exited Set console font and keymap + cron.service loaded active running Regular background program processing daemon + cups-browsed.service loaded active running Make remote CUPS printers available locally + cups.service loaded active running CUPS Scheduler + dbus.service loaded active running D-Bus System Message Bus + postfix.service loaded active exited Postfix Mail Transport Agent + +``` + + * **`UNIT`** 相应的 systemd 单元名称 + * **`LOAD`** 相应的单元是否被加载到内存中 + * **`ACTIVE`** 该单元是否处于活动状态 + * **`SUB`** 该单元是否处于运行状态（LCTT 译者注：是较于 ACTIVE 更加详细的状态描述，不同的单元类型有不同的状态。） + * **`DESCRIPTION`** 关于该单元的简短描述 + + +以下选项可根据类型列出单元。 +``` +# systemctl list-units --type service + UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION + accounts-daemon.service loaded active running Accounts Service + acpid.service loaded active running ACPI event daemon + anacron.service loaded active running Run anacron jobs + apache2.service loaded active running The Apache HTTP Server + apparmor.service loaded active exited AppArmor initialization + apport.service loaded active exited LSB: automatic crash report generation + aptik-battery-monitor.service loaded active running LSB: start/stop the aptik battery monitor daemon + atop.service loaded active running Atop advanced performance monitor + atopacct.service loaded active running Atop process accounting daemon + avahi-daemon.service loaded active running Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack + colord.service loaded active running Manage, Install and Generate Color Profiles + console-setup.service loaded active exited Set console font and keymap + cron.service loaded active running Regular background program processing daemon + cups-browsed.service loaded active running Make remote CUPS printers available locally + cups.service loaded active running CUPS Scheduler + dbus.service loaded active running D-Bus System Message Bus + fwupd.service loaded active running Firmware update daemon + [email protected] loaded active running Getty on tty1 + grub-common.service loaded active exited LSB: Record successful boot for GRUB + irqbalance.service loaded active running LSB: daemon to balance interrupts for SMP systems + keyboard-setup.service loaded active exited Set the console keyboard layout + kmod-static-nodes.service loaded active exited Create list of required static device nodes for the current kernel + +``` + +以下选项可帮助您根据状态列出单位，输出与前例类似但更直截了当。 +``` +# systemctl list-unit-files --type service + +UNIT FILE STATE +accounts-daemon.service enabled +acpid.service disabled +alsa-restore.service static +alsa-state.service static +alsa-utils.service masked +anacron-resume.service enabled +anacron.service enabled +apache-htcacheclean.service disabled +[email protected] disabled +apache2.service enabled +[email protected] disabled +apparmor.service enabled +[email protected] static +apport.service generated +apt-daily-upgrade.service static +apt-daily.service static +aptik-battery-monitor.service generated +atop.service enabled +atopacct.service enabled +[email protected] enabled +avahi-daemon.service enabled +bluetooth.service enabled + +``` + +运行以下命令以查看指定服务的状态。 +``` +# systemctl | grep apache2 + apache2.service loaded active running The Apache HTTP Server + +``` + +或者，使用以下命令也可查看指定服务的状态。 +``` +# systemctl status apache2 +● apache2.service - The Apache HTTP Server + Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/apache2.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) + Drop-In: /lib/systemd/system/apache2.service.d + └─apache2-systemd.conf + Active: active (running) since Tue 2018-03-06 12:34:09 IST; 8min ago + Process: 2786 ExecReload=/usr/sbin/apachectl graceful (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) + Main PID: 1171 (apache2) + Tasks: 55 (limit: 4915) + CGroup: /system.slice/apache2.service + ├─1171 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start + ├─2790 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start + └─2791 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start + +Mar 06 12:34:08 magi-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server... +Mar 06 12:34:09 magi-VirtualBox apachectl[1089]: AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 10.0.2.15. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppre +Mar 06 12:34:09 magi-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server. +Mar 06 12:39:10 magi-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Reloading The Apache HTTP Server. +Mar 06 12:39:10 magi-VirtualBox apachectl[2786]: AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using fe80::7929:4ed1:279f:4d65. Set the 'ServerName' directive gl +Mar 06 12:39:10 magi-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Reloaded The Apache HTTP Server. + +``` + +执行以下命令，只查看正在运行的服务。 +``` +# systemctl | grep running + acpid.path loaded active running ACPI Events Check + cups.path loaded active running CUPS Scheduler + init.scope loaded active running System and Service Manager + session-c2.scope loaded active running Session c2 of user magi + accounts-daemon.service loaded active running Accounts Service + acpid.service loaded active running ACPI event daemon + apache2.service loaded active running The Apache HTTP Server + aptik-battery-monitor.service loaded active running LSB: start/stop the aptik battery monitor daemon + atop.service loaded active running Atop advanced performance monitor + atopacct.service loaded active running Atop process accounting daemon + avahi-daemon.service loaded active running Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack + colord.service loaded active running Manage, Install and Generate Color Profiles + cron.service loaded active running Regular background program processing daemon + cups-browsed.service loaded active running Make remote CUPS printers available locally + cups.service loaded active running CUPS Scheduler + dbus.service loaded active running D-Bus System Message Bus + fwupd.service loaded active running Firmware update daemon + [email protected] loaded active running Getty on tty1 + irqbalance.service loaded active running LSB: daemon to balance interrupts for SMP systems + lightdm.service loaded active running Light Display Manager + ModemManager.service loaded active running Modem Manager + NetworkManager.service loaded active running Network Manager + polkit.service loaded active running Authorization Manager + +``` + +使用以下命令查看系统启动时会被启用的服务列表。 +``` +# systemctl list-unit-files | grep enabled +acpid.path enabled +cups.path enabled +accounts-daemon.service enabled +anacron-resume.service enabled +anacron.service enabled +apache2.service enabled +apparmor.service enabled +atop.service enabled +atopacct.service enabled +[email protected] enabled +avahi-daemon.service enabled +bluetooth.service enabled +console-setup.service enabled +cron.service enabled +cups-browsed.service enabled +cups.service enabled +display-manager.service enabled +dns-clean.service enabled +friendly-recovery.service enabled +[email protected] enabled +gpu-manager.service enabled +keyboard-setup.service enabled +lightdm.service enabled +ModemManager.service enabled +network-manager.service enabled +networking.service enabled +NetworkManager-dispatcher.service enabled +NetworkManager-wait-online.service enabled +NetworkManager.service enabled + +``` + +systemd-cgtop 按资源使用情况（任务、CPU、内存、输入和输出）列出控制组。 +``` +# systemd-cgtop + +Control Group Tasks %CPU Memory Input/s Output/s +/ - - 1.5G - - +/init.scope 1 - - - - +/system.slice 153 - - - - +/system.slice/ModemManager.service 3 - - - - +/system.slice/NetworkManager.service 4 - - - - +/system.slice/accounts-daemon.service 3 - - - - +/system.slice/acpid.service 1 - - - - +/system.slice/apache2.service 55 - - - - +/system.slice/aptik-battery-monitor.service 1 - - - - +/system.slice/atop.service 1 - - - - +/system.slice/atopacct.service 1 - - - - +/system.slice/avahi-daemon.service 2 - - - - +/system.slice/colord.service 3 - - - - +/system.slice/cron.service 1 - - - - +/system.slice/cups-browsed.service 3 - - - - +/system.slice/cups.service 2 - - - - +/system.slice/dbus.service 6 - - - - +/system.slice/fwupd.service 5 - - - - +/system.slice/irqbalance.service 1 - - - - +/system.slice/lightdm.service 7 - - - - +/system.slice/polkit.service 3 - - - - +/system.slice/repowerd.service 14 - - - - +/system.slice/rsyslog.service 4 - - - - +/system.slice/rtkit-daemon.service 3 - - - - +/system.slice/snapd.service 8 - - - - +/system.slice/system-getty.slice 1 - - - - + +``` + +同时，我们可以使用 pstree 命令（输出来自 SysVinit 系统）查看正在运行的服务。 +``` +# pstree +init-|-crond + |-httpd---2*[httpd] + |-kthreadd/99149---khelper/99149 + |-2*[mingetty] + |-mysqld_safe---mysqld---9*[{mysqld}] + |-rsyslogd---3*[{rsyslogd}] + |-saslauthd---saslauthd + |-2*[sendmail] + |-sshd---sshd---bash---pstree + |-udevd + `-xinetd + +``` + +我们还可以使用 pstree 命令（输出来自 systemd 系统）查看正在运行的服务。 +``` +# pstree +systemd─┬─ModemManager─┬─{gdbus} + │ └─{gmain} + ├─NetworkManager─┬─dhclient + │ ├─{gdbus} + │ └─{gmain} + ├─accounts-daemon─┬─{gdbus} + │ └─{gmain} + ├─acpid + ├─agetty + ├─anacron + ├─apache2───2*[apache2───26*[{apache2}]] + ├─aptd───{gmain} + ├─aptik-battery-m + ├─atop + ├─atopacctd + ├─avahi-daemon───avahi-daemon + ├─colord─┬─{gdbus} + │ └─{gmain} + ├─cron + ├─cups-browsed─┬─{gdbus} + │ └─{gmain} + ├─cupsd + ├─dbus-daemon + ├─fwupd─┬─{GUsbEventThread} + │ ├─{fwupd} + │ ├─{gdbus} + │ └─{gmain} + ├─gnome-keyring-d─┬─{gdbus} + │ ├─{gmain} + │ └─{timer} + +``` + +### 方法三：如何使用 chkservice 在 systemd 系统中查看正在运行的服务 + +chkservice 是一个管理系统单元的终端工具，需要超级用户权限。 +``` +# chkservice + +``` + +![][1] + +要查看帮助页面，请单击 `?` 按钮，它将显示管理 systemd 服务的可用选项。 +![][2] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-check-all-running-services-in-linux/ + +作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a] +译者：[jessie-pang](https://github.com/jessie-pang) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/ +[1]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/chkservice-1.png +[2]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/chkservice-2.png \ No newline at end of file