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Delete 20161102 Arch Linux - In a world of polish DIY never felt so g…
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# Arch Linux: In a world of polish, DIY never felt so good
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Dig through the annals of Linux journalism and you'll find a surprising amount of coverage of some pretty obscure distros. Flashy new distros like Elementary OS and Solus garner attention for their slick interfaces, and anything shipping with a MATE desktop gets coverage by simple virtue of using MATE.
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Thanks to television shows like _Mr Robot_, I fully expect coverage of even Kali Linux to be on the uptick soon.
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In all that coverage, though, there's one very widely used distro that's almost totally ignored: Arch Linux.
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Arch gets very little coverage for a several reasons, not the least of which is that it's somewhat difficult to install and requires you feel comfortable with the command line to get it working. Worse, from the point of view of anyone trying to appeal to mainstream users, that difficulty is by design - nothing keeps the noobs out like a daunting install process.
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It's a shame, though, because once the installation is complete, Arch is actually - in my experience - far easier to use than any other Linux distro I've tried.
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But yes, installation is a pain. Hand-partitioning, hand-mounting and generating your own `fstab` files takes more time and effort than clicking "install" and merrily heading off to do something else. But the process of installing Arch teaches you a lot. It pulls back the curtain so you can see what's behind it. In fact it makes the curtain disappear entirely. In Arch, _you_ are the person behind the curtain.
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In addition to its reputation for being difficult to install, Arch is justly revered for its customizability, though this is somewhat misunderstood. There is no "default" desktop in Arch. What you want installed on top of the base set of Arch packages is entirely up to you.
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![ARCH "DESKTOP" SCREENSHOT LINUX - OBVS VARIES DEPENDING ON USER ](https://regmedia.co.uk/2016/11/01/arch.jpg?x=648&y=364&infer_y=1 "ARCH "DESKTOP" SCREENSHOT LINUX - OBVS VARIES DEPENDING ON USER ")
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While you can see this as infinite customizability, you can also see it as totally lacking in customization. For example, unlike - say - Ubuntu there is almost no patching or customization happening in Arch. Arch developers simply pass on what upstream developers have released, end of story. For some this good; you can run "pure" GNOME, for instance. But in other cases, some custom patching can take care of bugs that upstream devs might not prioritize.
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The lack of a default set of applications and desktop system also does not make for tidy reviews - or reviews at all really, since what I install will no doubt be different to what you choose. I happened to select a very minimal setup of bare Openbox, tint2 and dmenu. You might prefer the latest release of GNOME. We'd both be running Arch, but our experiences of it would be totally different. This is of course true of any distro, but most others have a default desktop at least.
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Still there are common elements that together can make the basis of an Arch review. There is, for example, the primary reason I switched - Arch is a rolling release distro. This means two things. First, the latest kernels are delivered as soon as they're available and reasonably stable. This means I can test things that are difficult to test with other distros. The other big win for a rolling distro is that all updates are delivered when they're ready. Not only does this mean newer software sooner, it means there's no massive system updates that might break things.
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Many people feel that Arch is less stable because it's rolling, but in my experience over the last nine months I would argue the opposite.
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I have yet to break anything with an update. I did once have to rollback because my /boot partition wasn't mounted when I updated and changes weren't written, but that was pure user error. Bugs that do surface (like some regressions related to the trackpad on a Dell XPS laptop I was testing) are fixed and updates are available much faster than they would be with a non-rolling distro. In short, I've found Arch's rolling release updates to be far more stable than anything else I've been using along side it. The only caveat I have to add to that is read the wiki and pay close attention to what you're updating.
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This brings us to the main reason I suspect that Arch's appeal is limited - you have to pay attention to what you're doing. Blindly updating Arch is risky - but it's risky with any distro; you've just been conditioned to think it's not because you have no choice.
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All of which leads me to the other major reason I embraced Arch - the [Arch Philosophy][1]. The part in particular that I find appealing is this bit: "[Arch] is targeted at the proficient GNU/Linux user, or anyone with a do-it-yourself attitude who is willing to read the documentation, and solve their own problems."
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As Linux moves further into the mainstream developers seem to feel a greater need to smooth over all the rough areas - as if mirroring the opaque user experience of proprietary software were somehow the apex of functionality.
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Strange though it sounds in this day and age, there are many of us who actually prefer to configure things ourselves. In this sense Arch may well be the last refuge of the DIY Linux user. ®
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/11/02/arch_linux_taster/
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作者：[Scott Gilbertson][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.theregister.co.uk/Author/1785
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[1]:https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Arch_Linux
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[2]:http://www.theregister.co.uk/Author/1785
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[3]:https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/11/02/arch_linux_taster/&title=Arch%20Linux%3A%20In%20a%20world%20of%20polish%2C%20DIY%20never%20felt%20so%20good&summary=Last%20refuge%20for%20purists
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[4]:http://twitter.com/share?text=Arch%20Linux%3A%20In%20a%20world%20of%20polish%2C%20DIY%20never%20felt%20so%20good&url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/11/02/arch_linux_taster/&via=theregister
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[5]:http://www.reddit.com/submit?url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/11/02/arch_linux_taster/&title=Arch%20Linux%3A%20In%20a%20world%20of%20polish%2C%20DIY%20never%20felt%20so%20good
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Arch Linux: DIY用户的终结圣地
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深入研究下Linux系统的新闻史，你会发现其中有一些鲜为人知的Linux发行版，而且关于这些操作系统的新闻报道的数量也十分惊人。
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新发行版中的佼佼者，比如Elementary
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OS和Solus操作系统因其华丽的界面而被大家所关注，并且，任何搭载MATE桌面环境的操作系统都因其简洁性而被广泛报道。
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感谢像《黑客军团》这样的电视节目，我确信关于Kali Linux系统的报道将会飙升。
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尽管有很多关于Linux系统的报道，然而仍然有一个被广泛使用的Linux发行版几乎被大家完全遗忘了：Arch Linux系统。
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关于Arch的新闻报道很少的原因有很多，其中最主要的原因是它很难安装，而且你还得熟练地在命令行下完成各种配置以使其正常运行。更可怕的是，大多数的用户认为最难的是配置系统，复杂的安装过程令无数的菜鸟们望而怯步。
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这的确很遗憾，在我看来，实际上一旦安装完成后，Arch比我用过的其它Linux发行版更容易得多。
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确实如此，Arch的安装过程很让人蛋疼。有些发行版的安装过程只需要点击“安装”后就可以放手地去干其它事了。Arch相对来说要花费更多的时间和精力去完成硬盘分区，手动挂载，生成fstab文件等。但是从Arch的安装过程中，我们学到很多。它掀开帷幕，让我们弄明白很多背后的东西。事实上，这个帷幕已经彻底消失了，在Arch的世界里，你就是帷幕背后的主宰。
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除了大家所熟知的难安装外，Arch甚至没有自己默认的桌面环境，虽然这有些让人难以理解，但是Arch也因其可定制化而被广泛推崇。你可以自行决定在Arch的基础软件包上安装任何东西。
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![ARCH "DESKTOP" SCREENSHOT LINUX -
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OBVS VARIES DEPENDING ON USER ](https://regmedia.co.uk/2016/11/01/arch.jpg?x=648&y=364&infer_y=1
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"ARCH "DESKTOP" SCREENSHOT LINUX - OBVS VARIES DEPENDING ON USER
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")
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你可以认为Arch是高度可定制化的，或者说它完全没有定制化。比如，不像Ubuntu系统那样，Arch几乎没有修改过或是定制开发后的软件包。Arch的开发者从始至终都使用上游开发者提供的软件包。对于部分用户来说，这种情况非常棒。比如，你可以使用纯粹的未定制化开发过的GNOME桌面环境。但是，在某些情况下，一些上游开发者未更新过的定制化软件包可能存在很多的缺陷。
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由于Arch缺乏一些默认的应用程序和桌面系统，这完全不利于用户管理自己的桌面环境。我曾经使用最小化安装配置Openbox，tint2和dmenu桌面管理工具，但是安装后的效果却跟我很失望。因此，我更倾向于使用最新版的GNOME桌面系统。在使用Arch的过程中，我们会同时安装一个桌面环境，但是这给我们的体验是完全不一样的。对于任何发行版来说，这种做法是正确的，但是大多数的Linux系统都至少会使用一个默认的桌面环境。
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然而Arch还是有很多共性的元素一起构成这个基本系统。比如说，我使用Arch系统的主要原因是因为它是一个滚动更新的发行版。这意味着两件事情。首先，Arch使用最新的稳定版内核。这就意味着我可以在Arch系统里完成在其它Linux发行版中很难完成的测试。滚动版最大的一个好处就是所有可用的软件更新包会被即时发布出来。这不只是说明软件包更新速度快，而且也没有太多的系统升级包会被拆分。
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由于Arch是一个滚动更新的发行版，因此很多用户认为它是不稳定的。但是在我使用了9个多月之后，我并不赞同这种观点。
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我在每一次升级系统的过程中，从未损坏过任何软件。有一次升级系统之后我不得不回滚，因为系统启动分区/boot无法挂载成功，但是后来我发现那完全是自己操作上的失误。一些基本的系统缺陷（比如我关于戴尔XPS笔记本触摸板相关的回归测试方面的问题）已经被修复，并且可用的软件包更新速度要比其它非滚动发行版快得多。总的来说，我认为Arch滚动更新的发布模式比其它我在用的发行版要稳定得多。唯一一点我要强调的是查阅维基上的资料，多关注你要更新的内容。
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你必须要小心你正在做的操作，因为Arch也不是任你肆意胡来的。盲目的更新Arch系统是极其危险的。但是任何一个发行版的更新都有风险。在你别无选择的时候，你得根据实际情况，三思而后行。
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Arch的哲学理念是我支持它的另外一个最主要的原因。我认为Arch最吸引用户的一点就是：Arch面向的是专业的Linux用户，或者是有“自己动手”的态度，并愿意查资料解决问题的任何人。
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随着Linux逐渐成为主流的操作系统，开发者们更需要顺利地渡过每一个艰难的技术领域。那些晦涩难懂的专有软件方面的经验恰恰能反映出用户高深的技术能力。
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尽管在这个时代听起来有些怪怪的，但是事实上我们大多数的用户更愿意自己动手装配一些东西。在这种情形下，Arch将会是Linux DIY用户的终结圣地。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/11/02/arch_linux_taster/
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作者：[Scott
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Gilbertson][a]
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译者：[rusking](https://github.com/rusking)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由
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[LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.theregister.co.uk/Author/1785
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[1]:https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Arch_Linux
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[2]:http://www.theregister.co.uk/Author/1785
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[3]:https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/11/02/arch_linux_taster/&title=Arch%20Linux%3A%20In%20a%20world%20of%20polish%2C%20DIY%20never%20felt%20so%20good&summary=Last%20refuge%20for%20purists
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[4]:http://twitter.com/share?text=Arch%20Linux%3A%20In%20a%20world%20of%20polish%2C%20DIY%20never%20felt%20so%20good&url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/11/02/arch_linux_taster/&via=theregister
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[5]:http://www.reddit.com/submit?url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/11/02/arch_linux_taster/&title=Arch%20Linux%3A%20In%20a%20world%20of%20polish%2C%20DIY%20never%20felt%20so%20good
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