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sources/tech/20180402 An introduction to the Flask Python web app framework.md
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: translator: (fuowang)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: subject: (An introduction to the Flask Python web app framework)

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bestony translating
Build an interactive CLI with Node.js
======
![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/programming_keyboard_coding.png?itok=E0Vvam7A)
Node.js can be very useful when it comes to building command-line interfaces (CLIs). In this post, I'll teach you how to use [Node.js][1] to build a CLI that asks some questions and creates a file based on the answers.
### Get started
Let's start by creating a brand new [npm][2] package. (Npm is the JavaScript package manager.)
```
mkdir my-script
cd my-script
npm init
```
Npm will ask some questions. After that, we need to install some packages.
```
npm install --save chalk figlet inquirer shelljs
```
Here's what these packages do:
* **Chalk:** Terminal string styling done right
* **Figlet:** A program for making large letters out of ordinary text
* **Inquirer:** A collection of common interactive command-line user interfaces
* **ShellJS:** Portable Unix shell commands for Node.js
### Make an index.js file
Now we'll create an `index.js` file with the following content:
```
#!/usr/bin/env node
const inquirer = require("inquirer");
const chalk = require("chalk");
const figlet = require("figlet");
const shell = require("shelljs");
```
### Plan the CLI
It's always good to plan what a CLI needs to do before writing any code. This CLI will do just one thing: **create a file**.
The CLI will ask two questions—what is the filename and what is the extension?—then create the file, and show a success message with the created file path.
```
// index.js
const run = async () => {
  // show script introduction
  // ask questions
  // create the file
  // show success message
};
run();
```
The first function is the script introduction. Let's use `chalk` and `figlet` to get the job done.
```
const init = () => {
  console.log(
    chalk.green(
      figlet.textSync("Node JS CLI", {
        font: "Ghost",
        horizontalLayout: "default",
        verticalLayout: "default"
      })
    )
  );
}
const run = async () => {
  // show script introduction
  init();
  // ask questions
  // create the file
  // show success message
};
run();
```
Second, we'll write a function that asks the questions.
```
const askQuestions = () => {
  const questions = [
    {
      name: "FILENAME",
      type: "input",
      message: "What is the name of the file without extension?"
    },
    {
      type: "list",
      name: "EXTENSION",
      message: "What is the file extension?",
      choices: [".rb", ".js", ".php", ".css"],
      filter: function(val) {
        return val.split(".")[1];
      }
    }
  ];
  return inquirer.prompt(questions);
};
// ...
const run = async () => {
  // show script introduction
  init();
  // ask questions
  const answers = await askQuestions();
  const { FILENAME, EXTENSION } = answers;
  // create the file
  // show success message
};
```
Notice the constants FILENAME and EXTENSIONS that came from `inquirer`.
The next step will create the file.
```
const createFile = (filename, extension) => {
  const filePath = `${process.cwd()}/${filename}.${extension}`
  shell.touch(filePath);
  return filePath;
};
// ...
const run = async () => {
  // show script introduction
  init();
  // ask questions
  const answers = await askQuestions();
  const { FILENAME, EXTENSION } = answers;
  // create the file
  const filePath = createFile(FILENAME, EXTENSION);
  // show success message
};
```
And last but not least, we'll show the success message along with the file path.
```
const success = (filepath) => {
  console.log(
    chalk.white.bgGreen.bold(`Done! File created at ${filepath}`)
  );
};
// ...
const run = async () => {
  // show script introduction
  init();
  // ask questions
  const answers = await askQuestions();
  const { FILENAME, EXTENSION } = answers;
  // create the file
  const filePath = createFile(FILENAME, EXTENSION);
  // show success message
  success(filePath);
};
```
Let's test the script by running `node index.js`. Here's what we get:
### The full code
Here is the final code:
```
#!/usr/bin/env node
const inquirer = require("inquirer");
const chalk = require("chalk");
const figlet = require("figlet");
const shell = require("shelljs");
const init = () => {
  console.log(
    chalk.green(
      figlet.textSync("Node JS CLI", {
        font: "Ghost",
        horizontalLayout: "default",
        verticalLayout: "default"
      })
    )
  );
};
const askQuestions = () => {
  const questions = [
    {
      name: "FILENAME",
      type: "input",
      message: "What is the name of the file without extension?"
    },
    {
      type: "list",
      name: "EXTENSION",
      message: "What is the file extension?",
      choices: [".rb", ".js", ".php", ".css"],
      filter: function(val) {
        return val.split(".")[1];
      }
    }
  ];
  return inquirer.prompt(questions);
};
const createFile = (filename, extension) => {
  const filePath = `${process.cwd()}/${filename}.${extension}`
  shell.touch(filePath);
  return filePath;
};
const success = filepath => {
  console.log(
    chalk.white.bgGreen.bold(`Done! File created at ${filepath}`)
  );
};
const run = async () => {
  // show script introduction
  init();
  // ask questions
  const answers = await askQuestions();
  const { FILENAME, EXTENSION } = answers;
  // create the file
  const filePath = createFile(FILENAME, EXTENSION);
  // show success message
  success(filePath);
};
run();
```
### Use the script anywhere
To execute this script anywhere, add a `bin` section in your `package.json` file and run `npm link`.
```
{
  "name": "creator",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
    "start": "node index.js"
  },
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC",
  "dependencies": {
    "chalk": "^2.4.1",
    "figlet": "^1.2.0",
    "inquirer": "^6.0.0",
    "shelljs": "^0.8.2"
  },
  "bin": {
    "creator": "./index.js"
  }
}
```
Running `npm link` makes this script available anywhere.
That's what happens when you run this command:
```
/usr/bin/creator -> /usr/lib/node_modules/creator/index.js
/usr/lib/node_modules/creator -> /home/hugo/code/creator
```
It links the `index.js` file as an executable. This is only possible because of the first line of the CLI script: `#!/usr/bin/env node`.
Now we can run this script by calling:
```
$ creator
```
### Wrapping up
As you can see, Node.js makes it very easy to build nice command-line tools! If you want to go even further, check this other packages:
* [meow][3] – a simple command-line helper
* [yargs][4] – a command-line opt-string parser
* [pkg][5] – package your Node.js project into an executable
Tell us about your experience building a CLI in the comments.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/18/7/node-js-interactive-cli
作者：[Hugo Dias][a]
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:https://opensource.com/users/hugodias
[1]:https://nodejs.org/en/
[2]:https://www.npmjs.com/
[3]:https://github.com/sindresorhus/meow
[4]:https://github.com/yargs/yargs
[5]:https://github.com/zeit/pkg

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使用 Node.js 构建交互式 CLI
======
![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/programming_keyboard_coding.png?itok=E0Vvam7A)
当用于构建命令行界面（CLIs)时，Node.js变得十分的有用。在这篇文章中，我将会教你如何使用 [Node.js][1] 来构建一个问一些问题并基于回答创建一个文件 CLI。
### 开始
首先，创建一个新的 [npm][2] 包（NPM 是 JavaScript 包管理器）。
```
mkdir my-script
cd my-script
npm init
```
NPM 将会问一些问题。随后，我们需要安装一些 Packages。
```
npm install --save chalk figlet inquirer shelljs
```
这是我们需要的 packages：
* **Chalk:** 正确的设定终端的字符样式
* **Figlet:** 使用普通字符制作大字母的程序（译者注：使用标准字符，拼凑出图片）
* **Inquirer:** 通用交互式命令行用户界面的集合
* **ShellJS:** Node.js 版本的可移植 Unix Shell 命令行工具
### 创建一个 index.js 文件
现在我们要使用下述内容创建一个 `index.js` 文件。
```
#!/usr/bin/env node
const inquirer = require("inquirer");
const chalk = require("chalk");
const figlet = require("figlet");
const shell = require("shelljs");
```
### 规划 CLI
在我们写 CLI 所需的任何代码之前，做计划总是很棒的。这个 Cli 只做一件事：**创建一个文件**
这个 CLI 将会问两个问题：文件名是什么以及文件后缀名是什么？然后创建文件，并展示一个包含了所创建文件路径的成功信息。
```
// index.js
const run = async () => {
// show script introduction
// ask questions
// create the file
// show success message
};
run();
```
第一个函数是脚本的介绍。让我们使用 `chalk` 和 `figlet` 来完成这项工作。
```
const init = () => {
console.log(
chalk.green(
figlet.textSync("Node JS CLI", {
font: "Ghost",
horizontalLayout: "default",
verticalLayout: "default"
})
)
);
}
const run = async () => {
// show script introduction
init();
// ask questions
// create the file
// show success message
};
run();
```
然后，我们来写一个函数来问问题。
```
const askQuestions = () => {
const questions = [
{
name: "FILENAME",
type: "input",
message: "What is the name of the file without extension?"
},
{
type: "list",
name: "EXTENSION",
message: "What is the file extension?",
choices: [".rb", ".js", ".php", ".css"],
filter: function(val) {
return val.split(".")[1];
}
}
];
return inquirer.prompt(questions);
};
// ...
const run = async () => {
// show script introduction
init();
// ask questions
const answers = await askQuestions();
const { FILENAME, EXTENSION } = answers;
// create the file
// show success message
};
```
注意，常量 FILENAME 和 EXTENSIONS 来自 `inquirer` 包。
下一步将会创建文件。
```
const createFile = (filename, extension) => {
const filePath = `${process.cwd()}/${filename}.${extension}`
shell.touch(filePath);
return filePath;
};
// ...
const run = async () => {
// show script introduction
init();
// ask questions
const answers = await askQuestions();
const { FILENAME, EXTENSION } = answers;
// create the file
const filePath = createFile(FILENAME, EXTENSION);
// show success message
};
```
最后，重要的是，我们将展示成功信息以及文件路径。
```
const success = (filepath) => {
console.log(
chalk.white.bgGreen.bold(`Done! File created at ${filepath}`)
);
};
// ...
const run = async () => {
// show script introduction
init();
// ask questions
const answers = await askQuestions();
const { FILENAME, EXTENSION } = answers;
// create the file
const filePath = createFile(FILENAME, EXTENSION);
// show success message
success(filePath);
};
```
来让我们通过运行 `node index.js` 来测试这个脚本，这是我们得到的：
### 完整代码
下述代码为完整代码：
```
#!/usr/bin/env node
const inquirer = require("inquirer");
const chalk = require("chalk");
const figlet = require("figlet");
const shell = require("shelljs");
const init = () => {
console.log(
chalk.green(
figlet.textSync("Node JS CLI", {
font: "Ghost",
horizontalLayout: "default",
verticalLayout: "default"
})
)
);
};
const askQuestions = () => {
const questions = [
{
name: "FILENAME",
type: "input",
message: "What is the name of the file without extension?"
},
{
type: "list",
name: "EXTENSION",
message: "What is the file extension?",
choices: [".rb", ".js", ".php", ".css"],
filter: function(val) {
return val.split(".")[1];
}
}
];
return inquirer.prompt(questions);
};
const createFile = (filename, extension) => {
const filePath = `${process.cwd()}/${filename}.${extension}`
shell.touch(filePath);
return filePath;
};
const success = filepath => {
console.log(
chalk.white.bgGreen.bold(`Done! File created at ${filepath}`)
);
};
const run = async () => {
// show script introduction
init();
// ask questions
const answers = await askQuestions();
const { FILENAME, EXTENSION } = answers;
// create the file
const filePath = createFile(FILENAME, EXTENSION);
// show success message
success(filePath);
};
run();
```
### 在任何地方使用这个脚本
To execute this script anywhere, add a `bin` section in your `package.json` file and run `npm link`.
想要在任何地方执行这个脚本，在你的 `package.json` 文件中添加一个 `bin` 部分，并执行 `npm link`
```
{
"name": "creator",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "",
"main": "index.js",
"scripts": {
"test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
"start": "node index.js"
},
"author": "",
"license": "ISC",
"dependencies": {
"chalk": "^2.4.1",
"figlet": "^1.2.0",
"inquirer": "^6.0.0",
"shelljs": "^0.8.2"
},
"bin": {
"creator": "./index.js"
}
}
```
执行 `npm link` 使得这个脚本可以在任何地方调用。
这就是是当你运行这个命令时会发生的事情。
```
/usr/bin/creator -> /usr/lib/node_modules/creator/index.js
/usr/lib/node_modules/creator -> /home/hugo/code/creator
```
这会连接 `index.js` 作为一个可执行文件。这是完全可能的，因为这个 CLI 脚本的第一行是 `#!/usr/bin/env node`。
现在我们可以通过执行如下命令来调用。
```
$ creator
```
### 总结
正如你所看到的，Node.js 使得构建一个好的命令行工具变得非常简单。如果你希望了解更多内容，查看下列包。
* [meow][3] – 一个简单的命令行助手工具
* [yargs][4] – 一个命令行参数 opts 解析工具
* [pkg][5] – 将你的 Node.js 程序包装在一个可执行文件中。
在评论中留下你关于构建 CLI 的经验吧！
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/18/7/node-js-interactive-cli
作者：[Hugo Dias][a]
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
译者：[bestony](https://github.com/bestony)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:https://opensource.com/users/hugodias
[1]:https://nodejs.org/en/
[2]:https://www.npmjs.com/
[3]:https://github.com/sindresorhus/meow
[4]:https://github.com/yargs/yargs
[5]:https://github.com/zeit/pkg