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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (wxy)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (File sharing with Git)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/4/file-sharing-git)
[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth)
File sharing with Git
======
SparkleShare is an open source, Git-based, Dropbox-style file sharing
application. Learn more in our series about little-known uses of Git.
![][1]
[Git][2] is one of those rare applications that has managed to encapsulate so much of modern computing into one program that it ends up serving as the computational engine for many other applications. While it's best-known for tracking source code changes in software development, it has many other uses that can make your life easier and more organized. In this series leading up to Git's 14th anniversary on April 7, we'll share seven little-known ways to use Git. Today, we'll look at SparkleShare, which uses Git as the backbone for file sharing.
### Git for file sharing
One of the nice things about Git is that it's inherently distributed. It's built to share. Even if you're sharing a repository just with other computers on your own network, Git brings transparency to the act of getting files from a shared location.
As interfaces go, Git is pretty simple. It varies from user to user, but the common incantation when sitting down to get some work done is just **git pull** or maybe the slightly more complex **git pull && git checkout -b my-branch**. Still, for some people, the idea of _entering a command_ into their computer at all is confusing or bothersome. Computers are meant to make life easy, and computers are good at repetitious tasks, and so there are easier ways to share files with Git.
### SparkleShare
The [SparkleShare][3] project is a cross-platform, open source, Dropbox-style file sharing application based on Git. It automates all Git commands, triggering the add, commit, push, and pull processes with the simple act of dragging-and-dropping a file into a specially designated SparkleShare directory. Because it is based on Git, you get fast, diff-based pushes and pulls, and you inherit all the benefits of Git version control and backend infrastructure (like Git hooks). It can be entirely self-hosted, or you can use it with Git hosting services like [GitLab][4], GitHub, Bitbucket, and others. Furthermore, because it's basically just a frontend to Git, you can access your SparkleShare files on devices that may not have a SparkleShare client but do have Git clients.
Just as you get all the benefits of Git, you also get all the usual Git restrictions: It's impractical to use SparkleShare to store hundreds of photos and music and videos because Git is designed and optimized for text. Git certainly has the capability to store large files of binary data but it is designed to track history, so once a file is added to it, it's nearly impossible to completely remove it. This somewhat limits the usefulness of SparkleShare for some people, but it makes it ideal for many workflows, including [calendaring][5].
#### Installing SparkleShare
SparkleShare is cross-platform, with installers for Windows and Mac available from its [website][6]. For Linux, there's a [Flatpak][7] in your software installer, or you can run these commands in a terminal:
```
$ sudo flatpak remote-add flathub <https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo>
$ sudo flatpak install flathub org.sparkleshare.SparkleShare
```
### Creating a Git repository
SparkleShare isn't software-as-a-service (SaaS). You run SparkleShare on your computer to communicate with a Git repository—SparkleShare doesn't store your data. If you don't have a Git repository to sync a folder with yet, you must create one before launching SparkleShare. You have three options: hosted Git, self-hosted Git, or self-hosted SparkleShare.
#### Git hosting
SparkleShare can use any Git repository you can access for storage, so if you have or create an account with GitLab or any other hosting service, it can become the backend for your SparkleShare. For example, the open source [Notabug.org][8] service is a Git hosting service like GitHub and GitLab, but unique enough to prove SparkleShare's flexibility. Creating a new repository differs from host to host depending on the user interface, but all of the major ones follow the same general model.
First, locate the button in your hosting service to create a new project or repository and click on it to begin. Then step through the repository creation process, providing a name for your repository, privacy level (repositories often default to being public), and whether or not to initialize the repository with a README file. Whether you need a README or not, enable an initial README file. Starting a repository with a file isn't strictly necessary, but it forces the Git host to instantiate a **master** branch in the repository, which helps ensure that frontend applications like SparkleShare have a branch to commit and push to. It's also useful for you to see a file, even if it's an almost empty README file, to confirm that you have connected.
![Creating a Git repository][9]
Once you've created a repository, obtain the URL it uses for SSH clones. You can get this URL the same way anyone gets any URL for a Git project: navigate to the page of the repository and look for the **Clone** button or field.
![Cloning a URL on GitHub][10]
Cloning a GitHub URL.
![Cloning a URL on GitLab][11]
Cloning a GitLab URL.
This is the address SparkleShare uses to reach your data, so make note of it. Your Git repository is now configured.
#### Self-hosted Git
You can use SparkleShare to access a Git repository on any computer you have access to. No special setup is required, aside from a bare Git repository. However, if you want to give access to your Git repository to anyone else, then you should run a Git manager like [Gitolite][12] or SparkleShare's own Dazzle server to help you manage SSH keys and accounts. At the very least, create a user specific to Git so that users with access to your Git repository don't also automatically gain access to the rest of your server.
Log into your server as the Git user (or yourself, if you're very good at managing user and group permissions) and create a repository:
```
$ mkdir ~/sparkly.git
$ cd ~/sparkly.git
$ git init --bare .
```
Your Git repository is now configured.
#### Dazzle
SparkleShare's developers provide a Git management system called [Dazzle][13] to help you self-host Git repositories.
On your server, download the Dazzle application to some location in your path:
```
$ curl <https://raw.githubusercontent.com/hbons/Dazzle/master/dazzle.sh> \
\--output ~/bin/dazzle
$ chmod +x ~/bin/dazzle
```
Dazzle sets up a user specific to Git and SparkleShare and also implements access rights based on keys generated by the SparkleShare application. For now, just set up a project:
```
`$ dazzle create sparkly`
```
Your server is now configured as a SparkleShare host.
### Configuring SparkleShare
When you launch SparkleShare for the first time, you are prompted to configure what server you want SparkleShare to use for storage. This process may feel like a first-run setup wizard, but it's actually the usual process for setting up a new shared location within SparkleShare. Unlike many shared drive applications, with SparkleShare you can have several locations configured at once. The first shared location you configure isn't any more significant than any shared location you may set up later, and you're not signing up with SparkleShare or any other service. You're just pointing SparkleShare at a Git repository so that it knows what to keep your first SparkleShare folder in sync with.
On the first screen, identify yourself by whatever means you want on record in the Git commits that SparkleShare makes on your behalf. You can use anything, even fake information that resolves to nothing. It's purely for the commit messages, which you may never even see if you have no interest in reviewing the Git backend processes.
The next screen prompts you to choose your hosting type. If you are using GitLab, GitHub, Planio, or Bitbucket, then select the appropriate one. For anything else, select **Own server**.
![Choosing a Sparkleshare host][14]
At the bottom of this screen, you must enter the SSH clone URL. If you're self-hosting, the address is something like **<ssh://username@example.com>** and the remote path is the absolute path to the Git repository you created for this purpose.
Based on my self-hosted examples above, the address to my imaginary server is **<ssh://git@example.com:22122>** (the **:22122** indicates a nonstandard SSH port) and the remote path is **/home/git/sparkly.git**.
If I use my Notabug.org account instead, the address from the example above is **[git@notabug.org][15]** and the path is **seth/sparkly.git**.
SparkleShare will fail the first time it attempts to connect to the host because you have not yet copied the SparkleShare client ID (an SSH key specific to the SparkleShare application) to the Git host. This is expected, so don't cancel the process. Leave the SparkleShare setup window open and obtain the client ID from the SparkleShare icon in your system tray. Then copy the client ID to your clipboard so you can add it to your Git host.
![Getting the client ID from Sparkleshare][16]
#### Adding your client ID to a hosted Git account
Minor UI differences aside, adding an SSH key (which is all the client ID is) is basically the same process on any hosting service. In your Git host's web dashboard, navigate to your user settings and find the **SSH Keys** category. Click the **Add New Key** button (or similar) and paste the contents of your SparkleShare client ID.
![Adding an SSH key][17]
Save the key. If you want someone else, such as collaborators or family members, to be able to access this same repository, they must provide you with their SparkleShare client ID so you can add it to your account.
#### Adding your client ID to a self-hosted Git account
A SparkleShare client ID is just an SSH key, so copy and paste it into your Git user's **~/.ssh/authorized_keys** file.
#### Adding your client ID with Dazzle
If you are using Dazzle to manage your SparkleShare projects, add a client ID with this command:
```
`$ dazzle link`
```
When Dazzle prompts you for the ID, paste in the client ID found in the SparkleShare menu.
### Using SparkleShare
Once you've added your client ID to your Git host, click the **Retry** button in the SparkleShare window to finish setup. When it's finished cloning your repository, you can close the SparkleShare setup window, and you'll find a new **SparkleShare** folder in your home directory. If you set up a Git repository with a hosting service and chose to include a README or license file, you can see them in your SparkleShare directory.
![Sparkleshare file manager][18]
Otherwise, there are some hidden directories, which you can see by revealing hidden directories in your file manager.
![Showing hidden files in GNOME][19]
You use SparkleShare the same way you use any directory on your computer: you put files into it. Anytime a file or directory is placed into a SparkleShare folder, it's copied in the background to your Git repository.
#### Excluding certain files
Since Git is designed to remember _everything_ , you may want to exclude specific file types from ever being recorded. There are a few reasons to manage excluded files. By defining files that are off limits for SparkleShare, you can avoid accidental copying of large files. You can also design a scheme for yourself that enables you to store files that logically belong together (MIDI files with their **.flac** exports, for instance) in one directory, but manually back up the large files yourself while letting SparkleShare back up the text-based files.
If you can't see hidden files in your system's file manager, then reveal them. Navigate to your SparkleShare folder, then to the directory representing your repository, locate a file called **.gitignore** , and open it in a text editor. You can enter file extensions or file names, one per line, into **.gitignore** , and any file matching what you list will be (as the file name suggests) ignored.
```
Thumbs.db
$RECYCLE.BIN/
.DS_Store
._*
.fseventsd
.Spotlight-V100
.Trashes
.directory
.Trash-*
*.wav
*.ogg
*.flac
*.mp3
*.m4a
*.opus
*.jpg
*.png
*.mp4
*.mov
*.mkv
*.avi
*.pdf
*.djvu
*.epub
*.od{s,t}
*.cbz
```
You know the types of files you encounter most often, so concentrate on the ones most likely to sneak their way into your SparkleShare directory. If you want to exercise a little overkill, you can find good collections of **.gitignore** files on Notabug.org and also on the internet at large.
With those entries in your **.gitignore** file, you can place large files that you don't want sent to your Git host in your SparkleShare directory, and SparkleShare will ignore them entirely. Of course, that means it's up to you to make sure they get onto a backup or distributed to your SparkleShare collaborators through some other means.
### Automation
[Automation][20] is part of the silent agreement we have with computers: they do the repetitious, boring stuff that we humans either aren't very good at doing or aren't very good at remembering. SparkleShare is a nice, simple way to automate the routine distribution of data. It isn't right for every Git repository, by any means. It doesn't have an interface for advanced Git functions; it doesn't have a pause button or a manual override. And that's OK because its scope is intentionally limited. SparkleShare does what SparkleShare sets out to do, it does it well, and it's one Git repository you won't have to think about.
If you have a use for that kind of steady, invisible automation, give SparkleShare a try.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/file-sharing-git
作者：[Seth Kenlon (Red Hat, Community Moderator)][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/rh_003499_01_cloud21x_cc.png?itok=5UwC92dO
[2]: https://git-scm.com/
[3]: http://www.sparkleshare.org/
[4]: http://gitlab.com
[5]: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/calendar-git
[6]: http://sparkleshare.org
[7]: /business/16/8/flatpak
[8]: http://notabug.org
[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/git-new-repo.jpg (Creating a Git repository)
[10]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/github-clone-url.jpg (Cloning a URL on GitHub)
[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/gitlab-clone-url.jpg (Cloning a URL on GitLab)
[12]: http://gitolite.org
[13]: https://github.com/hbons/Dazzle
[14]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/sparkleshare-host.jpg (Choosing a Sparkleshare host)
[15]: mailto:git@notabug.org
[16]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/sparkleshare-clientid.jpg (Getting the client ID from Sparkleshare)
[17]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/git-ssh-key.jpg (Adding an SSH key)
[18]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/sparkleshare-file-manager.jpg (Sparkleshare file manager)
[19]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/gnome-show-hidden-files.jpg (Showing hidden files in GNOME)
[20]: /downloads/ansible-quickstart

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@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (wxy)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (File sharing with Git)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/4/file-sharing-git)
[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon)
用 Git 共享文件
======
> SparkleShare 是一个开源的基于 Git、Dropbox 风格的文件共享应用程序。在我们的系列文章中了解有关 Git 鲜为人知的用法。
![][1]
[Git][2] 是一个少有的能将如此多的现代计算封装到一个程序之中的应用程序，它可以用作许多其他应用程序的计算引擎。虽然它以跟踪软件开发中的源代码更改而闻名，但它还有许多其他用途，可以让你的生活更轻松、更有条理。在这个 Git 系列中，我们将分享七种鲜为人知的使用 Git 的方法。
今天，我们将看看 SparkleShare，它使用 Git 作为文件共享的基础。
### 用于文件共享的 Git
Git 的优点之一是它具有固有的分发能力。它可用来建立共享。即使你只是与自己网络上的其他计算机共享资源库，Git 也会为从共享位置获取文件的行为带来透明性。
随着其界面的发展，Git 变得非常简单。虽然因用户而异，他们坐下来完成一些工作时的共同点仅仅是 `git pull` 或稍微复杂一点的 `git pull && git checkout -b my-branch`。但是，对于某些人来说，将*命令输入*到他们的计算机中的做法完全是令人困惑或烦恼的。计算机旨在使生活变得轻松，计算机擅长重复性工作，因此有更简便的方法可以与 Git 共享文件。
### SparkleShare
[SparkleShare][3] 项目是一个基于 Git 的跨平台的开源的 Dropbox 式的文件共享应用程序。它通过将文件拖放到专门指定的 SparkleShare 目录中的简单操作，自动执行所有 Git 命令，触发添加、提交、推送和拉取过程。因为它基于 Git，所以你可以获得基于差异（diff）的快速推送和拉取，并且继承了 Git 版本控制和后端基础设施（如 Git 挂钩）的所有优点。它可以完全自托管，也可以将其与 [GitLab][4]、GitHub、Bitbucket 等 Git 托管服务一起使用。此外，由于它基本上只是一个 Git 的前端，因此你可以在可能没有 SparkleShare 客户端但有 Git 客户端的设备上访问 SparkleShare 中的文件。
正如你获得 Git 的所有好处一样，你也会受到所有常见的 Git 限制：使用 SparkleShare 存储数百张照片、音乐和视频是不切实际的，因为 Git 是为文本而设计和优化的。Git 当然可以存储二进制文件的大文件，但是因为它可以跟踪历史记录，因此一旦将文件添加到其中，几乎就不可能完全删除它。这在某种程度上限制了 SparkleShare 对某些人的实用性，但使其非常适合许多工作流程，包括 [日程安排][5]。
#### 安装 SparkleShare
SparkleShare 是跨平台的，可从[网站][6]获得适用于 Windows 和 Mac 的安装程序。对于 Linux，有一个 [Flatpak][7] 安装包，或者你可以在终端中运行以下命令：
```
$ sudo flatpak remote-add flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo
$ sudo flatpak install flathub org.sparkleshare.SparkleShare
```
### 创建一个 Git 存储库
SparkleShare 并不是软件即服务（SaaS）。你在计算机上运行 SparkleShare 以与 Git 存储库进行通信，而 SparkleShare 并不存储你的数据。如果你还没有与文件夹同步的 Git 存储库，则必须在启动 SparkleShare 之前创建一个文件夹。你有三个选择：托管的 Git、自托管 Git 或自托管 SparkleShare。
#### 托管的 Git
SparkleShare 可以使用你可以访问的任何 Git 存储库进行存储，因此，如果你拥有（或可在其中创建的）GitLab 或任何其他托管服务的帐户，则它可以成为 SparkleShare 的后端。例如，开源 [Notabug.org][8] 服务是一个类似于 GitHub 和 GitLab 的 Git 托管服务，但其独特性足以证明 SparkleShare 的灵活性。根据用户界面的不同，不同的托管服务创建新存储库的方法也有所不同，但是所有主要存储库都遵循相同的通用模型。
首先，在托管服务中找到创建一个新项目或存储库的按钮，单击它以开始。然后逐步完成存储库的创建过程，为存储库提供名称、隐私级别（存储库通常默认为公共），以及是否使用 `README` 文件初始化存储库。无论你是否需要个 `README` 文件，请初始化建立一个。使用一个文件创立存储库不是绝对必要的，但是它会强制 Git 主机实例化存储库中的 `master` 分支，这有助于确保前端应用程序（例如 SparkleShare）具有要提交并推送的分支。即使文件几乎是空的 `README` 文件，也可以用来查看该文件以确认你已连接成功。
![Creating a Git repository][9]
创建存储库后，获取其用于 SSH 克隆的 URL。你可以像获取任何人从 Git 项目获得其 URL 一样获得此 URL：导航至存储库页面并查找 “Clone” 按钮或字段。
![Cloning a URL on GitHub][10]
*GitHub 的克隆 URL。*
![Cloning a URL on GitLab][11]
*GitLab 的克隆 URL。*
这是 SparkleShare 用于获取数据的地址，因此请记下它。你的 Git 存储库现已配置好。
#### 自托管的 Git
你可以使用 SparkleShare 访问你有权访问的任何计算机上的 Git 存储库。除了一个 Git 裸存储库外，无需任何特殊设置。但是，如果你想将对 Git 存储库的访问权授予其他任何人，则应运行 [Gitolite][12] 之类的 Git 管理器或 SparkleShare 自己的 Dazzle 服务器来帮助你管理 SSH 密钥和帐户。至少，创建一个特定于 Git 的用户，以便有权访问你的 Git 存储库的用户不会自动获得对服务器其余部分的访问权限。
以 Git 用户身份登录服务器（如果你非常擅长管理用户和组权限，则可以以自己的用户登录）并创建存储库：
```
$ mkdir ~/sparkly.git
$ cd ~/sparkly.git
$ git init --bare .
```
你的 Git 存储库现已配置好。
#### Dazzle
SparkleShare 的开发人员提供了一个名为 [Dazzle][13] 的 Git 管理系统，以帮助你自托管 Git 存储库。
在你的服务器上，将 Dazzle 应用程序下载到你的路径中的某个位置：
```
$ curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/hbons/Dazzle/master/dazzle.sh --output ~/bin/dazzle
$ chmod +x ~/bin/dazzle
```
Dazzle 设置了一个特定于 Git 和 SparkleShare 的用户，并且还基于 SparkleShare 应用程序生成的密钥实现了访问权限。现在，只需设置一个项目：
```
$ dazzle create sparkly
```
你的服务器现在已经配置好，可以用作 SparkleShare 托管了。
### 配置 SparkleShare
首次启动 SparkleShare 时，系统会提示你配置要让 SparkleShare 用于存储的服务器。这个过程可能看起来像一个首次运行的安装向导，但实际上是在 SparkleShare 中设置新共享位置的通常过程。与许多共享驱动器应用程序不同，使用 SparkleShare 可以一次配置多个位置。你配置的第一个共享位置并不比你以后可以设置的任何共享位置重要，并且你也没有注册 SparkleShare 或任何其他服务。你只是将 SparkleShare 指向 Git 存储库，以便它知道如何使第一个 SparkleShare 文件夹保持同步。
在第一个屏幕上，给出一个身份，SparkleShare 将在代表你进行的 Git 提交记录中使用这些信息。你可以使用任何内容，甚至可以不代表任何意义的伪造信息。它仅用于提交消息，如果你对审查 Git 后端进程没有兴趣，你可能甚至看不到它们。
下一个屏幕提示你选择主机类型。如果你使用的是 GitLab、GitHub、Planio 或 Bitbucket，则可以选择一个适当的。否则，请选择“自己的服务器”。
![Choosing a Sparkleshare host][14]
在此屏幕底部，您必须输入 SSH 的克隆 URL。如果你是自托管的 Git，则地址类似于 `<ssh://username@example.com>`，而远程路径是为此目的而创建的 Git 存储库的绝对路径。
根据上面的自托管示例，我虚构的服务器的地址为 `ssh://git@example.com:22122`（`:22122` 表示非标准的 SSH 端口），远程路径为 `/home/git/sparkly.git`。
如果我改用 Notabug.org 帐户，则上例中的地址为 `ssh://git@notabug.org`，路径为 `seth/sparkly.git`。
SparkleShare 首次尝试连接到主机时将失败，因为你尚未将 SparkleShare 客户端 ID（特定于 SparkleShare 应用程序的 SSH 密钥）复制到 Git 主机。这是预料之中的，所以不要取消该过程。将 SparkleShare 设置窗口保持打开状态，并从系统任务栏中的 SparkleShare 图标处获取客户端 ID。然后将客户端 ID 复制到剪贴板，以便可以将其添加到 Git 主机。
![Getting the client ID from Sparkleshare][16]
#### 将你的客户端 ID 添加到托管的 Git 帐户
除了较小的 UI 差异外，在任何托管服务上添加 SSH 密钥（所有客户端 ID 都是这样）的过程基本上是相同的。在你的 Git 主机的 Web 仪表板中，导航到你的用户设置，然后找到 “SSH 密钥”类别。单击“添加新密钥”按钮（或类似按钮），然后粘贴你的 SparkleShare 客户端 ID 的内容。
![Adding an SSH key][17]
保存密钥。如果你希望其他人（例如协作者或家庭成员）能够访问同一存储库，则他们必须向你提供其 SparkleShare 客户端 ID，以便你可以将其添加到帐户中。
#### 将你的客户端 ID 添加到自托管的 Git 帐户
SparkleShare 客户端 ID 只是一个 SSH 密钥，因此将其复制并粘贴到 Git 用户的 `~/.ssh/authorized_keys`文件中。
#### 使用 Dazzle 添加你的客户 ID
如果你使用 Dazzle 管理 SparkleShare 项目，请使用以下命令添加客户端 ID：
```
$ dazzle link
```
当 Dazzle 提示你输入该 ID 时，请粘贴在 SparkleShare 菜单中找到的客户端 ID。
### 使用 SparkleShare
将客户端 ID 添加到 Git 主机后，在 SparkleShare 窗口中单击“重试”按钮以完成设置。克隆存储库完成后，你可以关闭 SparkleShare 设置窗口，并在你的家目录中找到一个新的 `SparkleShare` 文件夹。如果你设置了带有托管服务的 Git 存储库，并选择包括 `README` 文件或许可证文件，则可以在 SparkleShare 目录中看到它们。
![Sparkleshare file manager][18]
此外，有一些隐藏目录，你可以通过在文件管理器中显示隐藏目录来查看。
![Showing hidden files in GNOME][19]
使用 SparkleShare 的方式与使用计算机上任何目录的方式相同：将文件放入其中。每当将文件或目录放入 SparkleShare 文件夹时，它都会在后台复制到你的 Git 存储库。
#### 排除某些文件
由于 Git 从设计上就是要记住*一切*，因此你可能希望从记录中排除特定的文件类型。排除一些文件是有原因的。通过定义摆脱 SparkleShare 限制的文件，可以避免意外复制大文件。你还可以为自己设计一种方案，使你可以将存储在一个目录中的逻辑上属于同一文件（例如，MIDI 文件及其 .flac 导出文件），但是可以自己手动备份大文件，而同时让 SparkleShare 备份基于文本的文件。
如果在系统的文件管理器中看不到隐藏的文件，请显示它们。导航到你的 SparkleShare 文件夹，然后到代表你的存储库的目录，找到一个名为 `.gitignore` 的文件，然后在文本编辑器中将其打开。你可以在 `.gitignore` 中输入文件扩展名或文件名（每行一个），任何与你列出的文件匹配的文件都会被忽略（如文件名所示）。
```
Thumbs.db
$RECYCLE.BIN/
.DS_Store
._*
.fseventsd
.Spotlight-V100
.Trashes
.directory
.Trash-*
*.wav
*.ogg
*.flac
*.mp3
*.m4a
*.opus
*.jpg
*.png
*.mp4
*.mov
*.mkv
*.avi
*.pdf
*.djvu
*.epub
*.od{s,t}
*.cbz
```
你知道最经常遇到哪些文件类型，因此请集中精力处理最有可能潜入你的 SparkleShare 目录的文件。如果您想稍微矫枉过正一些，可以在 Notabug.org 以及整个网上找到 `.gitignore` 文件的好集合。
通过将这些条目保存在 `.gitignore` 文件中，你可以将不需要发送到 Git 主机的大文件放在 SparkleShare 目录中，SparkleShare 将完全忽略它们。当然，这意味着您需要确保它们可以备份或通过其他方式分发给你的 SparkleShare 合作者。
### 自动化
[自动化][20] 是我们与计算机达成的默契之一：计算机执行重复的、无聊的工作，而我们人类要么不擅长做这些，要么不擅长记忆这些。SparkleShare 是一种很好的、简单的自动执行例行数据分发的方法。无论如何，这并不适合每个 Git 存储库。它没有用于高级 Git 功能的接口，它没有暂停按钮或手动管理的操作。没关系，因为它的范围是有意限制的。SparkleShare 可以完成 SparkleShare 计划要做的事情，它做得很好，而且它是你无需关心的一个 Git 存储库。
如果你想使用这种稳定的、看不见的自动化，请尝试一下 SparkleShare。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/file-sharing-git
作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/rh_003499_01_cloud21x_cc.png?itok=5UwC92dO
[2]: https://git-scm.com/
[3]: http://www.sparkleshare.org/
[4]: http://gitlab.com
[5]: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/calendar-git
[6]: http://sparkleshare.org
[7]: /business/16/8/flatpak
[8]: http://notabug.org
[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/git-new-repo.jpg (Creating a Git repository)
[10]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/github-clone-url.jpg (Cloning a URL on GitHub)
[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/gitlab-clone-url.jpg (Cloning a URL on GitLab)
[12]: http://gitolite.org
[13]: https://github.com/hbons/Dazzle
[14]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/sparkleshare-host.jpg (Choosing a Sparkleshare host)
[15]: mailto:git@notabug.org
[16]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/sparkleshare-clientid.jpg (Getting the client ID from Sparkleshare)
[17]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/git-ssh-key.jpg (Adding an SSH key)
[18]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/sparkleshare-file-manager.jpg (Sparkleshare file manager)
[19]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/gnome-show-hidden-files.jpg (Showing hidden files in GNOME)
[20]: /downloads/ansible-quickstart