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[translating]Learn with Linux--Learning Music
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bazz2
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Learn with Linux: Learning Music
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This article is part of the [Learn with Linux][1] series:
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[Linux 学习系列][1]的所有文章：
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- [Learn with Linux: Learning to Type][2]
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- [Learn with Linux: Physics Simulation][3]
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- [Learn with Linux: Learning Music][4]
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- [Learn with Linux: Two Geography Apps][5]
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- [Learn with Linux: Master Your Math with These Linux Apps][6]
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- [Linux 教学之教你练打字][2]
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- [Linux 教学之物理模拟][3]
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- [Linux 教学之教你玩音乐][4]
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- [Linux 教学之两款地理软件][5]
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- [Linux 教学之掌握数学][6]
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Linux offers great educational software and many excellent tools to aid students of all grades and ages in learning and practicing a variety of topics, often interactively. The “Learn with Linux” series of articles offers an introduction to a variety of educational apps and software.
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引言：Linux 提供大量的教学软件和工具，面向各个年级段以及年龄段，提供大量学科的练习实践，其中大多数是可以与用户进行交互的。本“Linux 教学”系列就来介绍一些教学软件。
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Learning music is a great pastime. Training your ears to identify scales and chords and mastering an instrument or your own voice requires lots of practise and could become difficult. Music theory is extensive. There is much to memorize, and to turn it into a “skill” you will need diligence. Linux offers exceptional software to help you along your musical journey. They will not help you become a professional musician instantly but could ease the process of learning, being a great aide and reference point.
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@ -152,4 +153,4 @@ via: https://www.maketecheasier.com/linux-learning-music/
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[10]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/tete/files/latest/download
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[11]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/jalmus/files/Jalmus-2.3/
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[12]:http://tuxguitar.herac.com.ar/
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[13]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20090517041840856/PianoBooster.html
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[13]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20090517041840856/PianoBooster.html
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[bazz222222]
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Linux 学习系列之物理模拟
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================================================================================
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[Linux 学习系列][1]的所有文章：
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- [Learn with Linux: Learning to Type][2]
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- [Learn with Linux: Physics Simulation][3]
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- [Learn with Linux: Learning Music][4]
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- [Learn with Linux: Two Geography Apps][5]
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- [Learn with Linux: Master Your Math with These Linux Apps][6]
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Linux offers great educational software and many excellent tools to aid students of all grades and ages in learning and practicing a variety of topics, often interactively. The “Learn with Linux” series of articles offers an introduction to a variety of educational apps and software.
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Physics is an interesting subject, and arguably the most enjoyable part of any Physics class/lecture are the demonstrations. It is really nice to see physics in action, yet the experiments do not need to be restricted to the classroom. While Linux offers many great tools for scientists to support or conduct experiments, this article will concern a few that would make learning physics easier or more fun.
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### 1. Step ###
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[Step][7] is an interactive physics simulator, part of [KDEEdu, the KDE Education Project][8]. Nobody could better describe what Step does than the people who made it. According to the project webpage, “[Step] works like this: you place some bodies on the scene, add some forces such as gravity or springs, then click “Simulate” and Step shows you how your scene will evolve according to the laws of physics. You can change every property of bodies/forces in your experiment (even during simulation) and see how this will change the outcome of the experiment. With Step, you can not only learn but feel how physics works!”
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While of course it requires Qt and loads of KDE-specific dependencies to work, projects like this (and KDEEdu itself) are part of the reason why KDE is such an awesome environment (if you don’t mind running a heavier desktop, of course).
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Step is in the Debian repositories; to install it on derivatives, simply type
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sudo apt-get install step
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into a terminal. On a KDE system it should have minimal dependencies and install in seconds.
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Step has a simple interface, and it lets you jump right into simulations.
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You will find all available objects on the left-hand side. You can have different particles, gas, shaped objects, springs, and different forces in action. (1) If you select an object, a short description of it will appear on the right-hand side (2). On the right you will also see an overview of the “world” you have created (the objects it contains) (3), the properties of the currently selected object (4), and the steps you have taken so far (5).
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Once you have placed all you wanted on the canvas, just press “Simulate,” and watch the events unfold as the objects interact with each other.
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To get to know Step better you only need to press F1. The KDE Help Center offers a great and detailed Step handbook.
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### 2. Lightspeed ###
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Lightspeed is a simple GTK+ and OpenGL based simulator that is meant to demonstrate the effect of how one might observe a fast moving object. Lightspeed will simulate these effects based on Einstein’s special relativity. According to [their sourceforge page][9] “When an object accelerates to more than a few million meters per second, it begins to appear warped and discolored in strange and unusual ways, and as it approaches the speed of light (299,792,458 m/s) the effects become more and more bizarre. In addition, the manner in which the object is distorted varies drastically with the viewpoint from which it is observed.”
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These effects which come into play at relative velocities are:
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- **The Lorentz contraction** – causes the object to appear shorter
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- **The Doppler red/blue shift** – alters the hues of color observed
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- **The headlight effect** – brightens or darkens the object
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- **Optical aberration** – deforms the object in unusual ways
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Lightspeed is in the Debian repositories; to install it, simply type:
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sudo apt-get install lightspeed
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The user interface is very simple. You get a shape (more can be downloaded from sourceforge) which would move along the x-axis (animation can be started by processing “A” or by selecting it from the object menu).
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You control the speed of its movement with the right-hand side slider and watch how it deforms.
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Some simple controls will allow you to add more visual elements
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The viewing angles can be adjusted by pressing either the left, middle or right button and dragging the mouse or from the Camera menu that also offers some other adjustments like background colour or graphics mode.
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### Notable mention: Physion ###
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Physion looks like an interesting project and a great looking software to simulate physics in a much more colorful and fun way than the above examples would allow. Unfortunately, at the time of writing, the [official website][10] was experiencing problems, and the download page was unavailable.
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Judging from their Youtube videos, Physion must be worth installing once a download line becomes available. Until then we can just enjoy the this video demo.
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注：youtube 视频
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<iframe frameborder="0" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/P32UHa-3BfU?autoplay=1&autohide=2&border=0&wmode=opaque&enablejsapi=1&controls=0&showinfo=0" id="youtube-iframe"></iframe>
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Do you have another favorite physics simulation/demonstration/learning applications for Linux? Please share with us in the comments below.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.maketecheasier.com/linux-physics-simulation/
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作者：[Attila Orosz][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.maketecheasier.com/author/attilaorosz/
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[1]:https://www.maketecheasier.com/series/learn-with-linux/
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[2]:https://www.maketecheasier.com/learn-to-type-in-linux/
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[3]:https://www.maketecheasier.com/linux-physics-simulation/
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[4]:https://www.maketecheasier.com/linux-learning-music/
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[5]:https://www.maketecheasier.com/linux-geography-apps/
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[6]:https://www.maketecheasier.com/learn-linux-maths/
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[7]:https://edu.kde.org/applications/all/step
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[8]:https://edu.kde.org/
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[9]:http://lightspeed.sourceforge.net/
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[10]:http://www.physion.net/
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Linux 教学之物理模拟
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================================================================================
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[Linux 学习系列][1]的所有文章：
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- [Linux 教学之教你练打字][2]
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- [Linux 教学之物理模拟][3]
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- [Linux 教学之教你玩音乐][4]
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- [Linux 教学之两款地理软件][5]
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- [Linux 教学之掌握数学][6]
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引言：Linux 提供大量的教学软件和工具，面向各个年级段以及年龄段，提供大量学科的练习实践，其中大多数是可以与用户进行交互的。本“Linux 教学”系列就来介绍一些教学软件。
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物理是一个有趣的课题，证据就是任何物理课程都可以用具体的图片演示给你看。能看到物理变化过程是一个很妙的体验，特别是你不需要到教室就能体验到。Linux 上有很多很好的科学软件来为你提供这种美妙感觉，本篇文章只着重介绍其中几种。
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### 1. Step ###
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[Step][7] 是一个交互型物理模拟器，KDEEdu[8]（KDE 教育）项目的一部分。没人会比它的作者更了解它的作用。在项目官网主页上写着“[Step] 是这样玩的：你放点东西进来，添加一些力（地心引力或者弹簧），然后点击‘模拟’按钮，这款软件就会为你模拟这个物体在真实世界的物理定律影响下的运动状态。你可以改变物体或力的属性（允许在模拟过程中进行修改），然后观察不同属性下产生的现象。Step 可以让你从体验中学习物理！”
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Step 依赖 Qt 以及其他一些 KDE 所依赖的软件，正是由于像 KDEEdu 之类的项目存在，才使得 KDE 变得如此强大，当然，你可能需要忍受由此带来的庞大的桌面系统。
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Debian 的源中包含了 step 软件，终端下运行以下命令安装：
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sudo apt-get install step
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在 KDE 环境下，它只需要很少的依赖，几秒钟就能安装完成。
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Step 有个简单的交互界面，你进去后直接可以进行模拟操作。
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你会发现所有物品在屏幕左边，包括不同的质点，空气，不同形状的物体，弹簧，以及不同的力（见1区域） 。如果你选中一个物体，屏幕右边会出现简短的描述信息（见2区域），以及你创造的世界的介绍（主要介绍这个世界中包含的物体）（见3区域），以及你当前选中的物体的属性（见4区域），以及你的操作历史（见5区域）。
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一旦你放好了所有物体，点击下“模拟”按钮，可以看到物体与物体之间的相互作用。
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想要更多了解 Step，按 F1 键，KDE 帮助中心会打印详细的软件操作手册。
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### 2. Lightspeed ###
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Lightspeed 是一个简单的基于 GTK+ 和 OpenGL 的模拟器，可以模拟一个高速移动的物体被观测到的现象。这个模拟器的理论基础是爱因斯坦的狭义相对论，在 Lightspeed 的 [srouceforge 页面][9]上，他们这样介绍：当一个物体被加速到几千公里每秒，它就会表现得扭曲和褪色；当物体被不断加速到接近光速（299,792,458 m/s）时，这个现象会越来越明显，并且在不同方向观察这个物体的扭曲方式，会得到完全不一样的结果。
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受到相对速度影响的现象如下（LCTT 译注：都可以从“光速不变”理论推导出来）：
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- **洛伦兹收缩** —— 物体看起来变短了
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- **多普乐红移/蓝移** —— 物体的颜色变了
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- **前灯效应** —— 物体的明暗变化（LCTT 译注：当物体接近光速移动时，会在它前进的方向强烈地辐射光子，从这个角度看，物体会变得很亮，相反，从物体背后观察，会发现它很暗）
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- **光行差效应** —— 物体扭曲变形了
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Lightspeed 有 Debian 的源，执行下面的命令来安装：
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sudo apt-get install lightspeed
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用户界面非常简单，里边有一个物体（你可以从 sourceforge 下载更多形状的物体）沿着 x 轴运动（按下 A 键或在菜单栏 object 项目的 Animation 选项设置，物体就会开始运动）。
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你可以滑动右边的滑动条来控制物体移动的速度。
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其他一些简单的控制器可以让你获得更多的视觉效果。
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点击界面并拖动鼠标可以改变物体视角，在 Camera 菜单下可以修改背景颜色或者物体的图形模式，以及其他效果。
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### 特别推荐： Physion ###
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Physion 是个非常有趣并且美观的物理模拟软件，比上面介绍的两款软件都好玩好看。可惜在写本文章的时候它的[官网][10]出现问题了，下载页面无法使用。
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从他们放在 Youtube 上的视频来看，Physion 还是值得我们下载下来玩玩的。在官网恢复之前，我们只能看看演示视频了。
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注：youtube 视频
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<iframe frameborder="0" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/P32UHa-3BfU?autoplay=1&autohide=2&border=0&wmode=opaque&enablejsapi=1&controls=0&showinfo=0" id="youtube-iframe"></iframe>
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你有其他 Linux 下的好玩的物理模拟、演示、教学软件吗？如果有，请在评论处分享给我们。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.maketecheasier.com/linux-physics-simulation/
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作者：[Attila Orosz][a]
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译者：[bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.maketecheasier.com/author/attilaorosz/
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[1]:https://www.maketecheasier.com/series/learn-with-linux/
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[2]:https://www.maketecheasier.com/learn-to-type-in-linux/
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[3]:https://www.maketecheasier.com/linux-physics-simulation/
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[4]:https://www.maketecheasier.com/linux-learning-music/
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[5]:https://www.maketecheasier.com/linux-geography-apps/
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[6]:https://www.maketecheasier.com/learn-linux-maths/
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[7]:https://edu.kde.org/applications/all/step
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[8]:https://edu.kde.org/
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[9]:http://lightspeed.sourceforge.net/
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[10]:http://www.physion.net/
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