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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (Use Stow for configuration management of multiple machines)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/1/configuration-management-stow)
[#]: author: (Kevin Sonney https://opensource.com/users/ksonney)
Use Stow for configuration management of multiple machines
======
Learn how to use Stow to manage configurations across machines in the
second article in our series on 20 ways to be more productive with open
source in 2020.
![A person programming][1]
Last year, I brought you 19 days of new (to you) productivity tools for 2019. This year, I'm taking a different approach: building an environment that will allow you to be more productive in the new year, using tools you may or may not already be using.
### Manage symlinks with Stow
Yesterday, I explained how I keep my files in sync across multiple machines with [Syncthing][2]. But that's only one of the tools I use to keep my configurations consistent. The other is a seemingly simple tool called [Stow][3].
![Stow help screen][4]
Stow manages symlinks. By default, it makes symlinks from the directory it is in to the directory below it. There are also options to set a source and target directory, but I don't usually use them.
As I mentioned in the Syncthing [article][5], I use Syncthing to keep a directory called **myconfigs** consistent across all of my machines. The **myconfigs** directory has several subdirectories underneath it. Each subdirectory contains the configuration files for one of the applications I use regularly.
![myconfigs directory][6]
On each machine, I change to the **myconfigs** directory and run **stow -S <directory name>** to symlink the files inside the directory to my home directory. For example, under the **vim** directory, I have my **.vimrc** and **.vim** directories. On each machine, I run **stow -S vim** to create the symlinks **~/.vimrc** and **~/.vim**. When I make a change to my Vim configuration on one machine, it applies to ALL of my machines.
Sometimes, though, I need something machine-specific, which is why I have directories like **msmtp-personal** and **msmtp-elastic** (my employer). Since my **msmtp** SMTP client needs to know what email server to relay through, and each one has different setups and credentials, I can use Stow to swap between the two by "unstowing" one with the **-D** flag and then putting the other in place.
![Unstow one, stow the other][7]
Sometimes I find myself adding files to a configuration. For that, there is the "restow" option with **-R**. For example, I like to use a specific font when I use Vim as a graphical application and not a console. The **.gvimrc** file lets me set options that apply only to the graphical version, in addition to the standard **.vimrc** file. When I first set this up, I moved **~/.gvimrc** to **~/myconfigs/vim** and then ran **stow -R vim**, which unlinks and relinks everything in that directory.
Stow lets me switch between several configurations with a simple command line and, in combination with Syncthing, I can be sure that I have the setup I like for the tools I use ready to go, no matter where I am or where I make changes.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/configuration-management-stow
作者：[Kevin Sonney][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/ksonney
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/computer_keyboard_laptop_development_code_woman.png?itok=vbYz6jjb (A person programming)
[2]: https://syncthing.net/
[3]: https://www.gnu.org/software/stow/
[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/productivity_2-1.png (Stow help screen)
[5]: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/20-productivity-tools-syncthing
[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/productivity_2-2.png (myconfigs directory)
[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/productivity_2-3.png (Unstow one, stow the other)

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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (Use Stow for configuration management of multiple machines)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/1/configuration-management-stow)
[#]: author: (Kevin Sonney https://opensource.com/users/ksonney)
使用 Stow 管理多台机器配置
======
2020 年，在我们的 20 个使用开源提升生产力的系列文章中，让我们了解如何使用 Stow 跨机器管理配置。
![A person programming][1]
去年，我在 19 天里给你介绍了 19 个新（对你而言）的生产力工具。今年，我换了一种方式：使用你在使用或者还没使用的工具，构建一个使你可以在新一年更加高效的环境。
### 使用 Stow 管理符号链接
昨天，我解释了如何使用 [Syncthing][2] 在多台计算机上保持文件同步。但是，这只是我用来保持配置一致性的工具之一。还有另一个简单的工具 [Stow][3]。
![Stow help screen][4]
Stow 管理符号链接。默认情况下，它会链接目录到上一级目录。还有设置源和目标目录的选项，但我通常不使用它们。
正如我在 Syncthing 的[文章][5] 中提到的，我使用 Syncthing 来保持 **myconfigs** 目录在我所有的计算机上一致。**myconfigs** 目录下面有多个子目录。每个子目录包含我经常使用的应用之一的配置文件。
![myconfigs directory][6]
在每台计算机上，我进入 **myconfigs** 目录，并运行 **stow -S <目录名称>** 以将目录中的文件符号链接到我的家目录。例如，在**vim** 目录下，我有 **.vimrc** 和 **.vim** 目录。在每台机器上，我运行 **stow -S vim** 来创建符号链接 **~/.vimrc** 和 **~/.vim**。当我在一台计算机上更改 Vim 配置时，它会应用到我的所有机器上。
然而，有时候，我需要一些特定于机器的配置，这就是为什么我有如 **msmtp-personal** 和 **msmtp-elastic**（我的雇主）这样的目录。由于我的 **msmtp** SMTP 客户端需要知道要中继的电子邮件服务器，并且每个服务器都有不同的设置和凭据，我会使用 **-D** 标志来取消链接，接着链接另外一个。
![Unstow one, stow the other][7]
有时我要给配置添加文件。为此，有一个 **-R** 选项来”重新链接“。例如，我喜欢在图形化 Vim 中使用一种与控制台不同的特定字体。除了标准 **.vimrc** 文件，**.gvimrc** 文件能让我设置特定于图形化版本的选项。当我第一次设置它时，我移动 **~/.gvimrc** 到 **~/myconfigs/vim** 中，然后运行 **stow -R vim**，它取消链接并重新链接该目录中的所有内容。
Stow 让我使用一个简单的命令行在多种配置之间切换，并且，结合 Syncthing，我可以确保无论我身在何处或在哪里进行更改，我都有我喜欢的工具的设置。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/configuration-management-stow
作者：[Kevin Sonney][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/ksonney
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/computer_keyboard_laptop_development_code_woman.png?itok=vbYz6jjb (A person programming)
[2]: https://syncthing.net/
[3]: https://www.gnu.org/software/stow/
[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/productivity_2-1.png (Stow help screen)
[5]: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/20-productivity-tools-syncthing
[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/productivity_2-2.png (myconfigs directory)
[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/productivity_2-3.png (Unstow one, stow the other)