mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2025-01-13 22:30:37 +08:00
translated
This commit is contained in:
geekpi
parent
bfb40e43eb
commit
6ad434f114
@ -1,216 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "How to Create LVM Partition Step-by-Step in Linux"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.linuxtechi.com/how-to-create-lvm-partition-in-linux/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "James Kiarie https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/james/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
How to Create LVM Partition Step-by-Step in Linux
|
||||
======
|
||||
In this guide, we will cover how to create lvm partition step-by-step in Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
LVM stands for Logical Volume Management, it is the recommended way to manage disk or storage on Linux systems specially for servers. One of the main advantages of LVM partition is that we can extend its size online without any downtime. LVM partition can also be reduced but it is not recommended.
|
||||
|
||||
For the demo purpose, I have attached 15GB disk to my Ubuntu 22.04 system, we will create LVM partition on this disk from the command line.
|
||||
|
||||
##### Prerequisites
|
||||
|
||||
* Raw disk attached to Linux system
|
||||
* Local User with Sudo rights
|
||||
* Pre-Installed lvm2 package
|
||||
|
||||
Without further ado, let’s deep dive into the steps.
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 1) Identify new attached raw disk
|
||||
|
||||
Login to your system, open the terminal and run following dmesg command,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo dmesg | grep -i sd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
In the output, look for new disk attached of size 15GB,
|
||||
|
||||
![dmesg-command-new-attached-disk-linux][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Alternate way to identify new attached raw disk is via fdisk command,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo fdisk -l | grep -i /dev/sd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Output,
|
||||
|
||||
![fdisk-command-output-new-disk][2]
|
||||
|
||||
From output above, it is confirmed that new attached disk is ‘/dev/sdb’
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 2) Create PV (Physical Volume)
|
||||
|
||||
Before start creating pv on disk /dev/sdb, make sure lvm2 package is installed. In case it is not installed, then run following command,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo apt install lvm2 // On Ubuntu / Debian
|
||||
$ sudo dnf install lvm2 // on RHEL / CentOS
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Run following pvcreate command to create pv on disk /dev/sdb,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo pvcreate /dev/sdb
|
||||
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created.
|
||||
$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To verify pv status run,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo pvs /dev/sdb
|
||||
Or
|
||||
$ sudo pvdisplay /dev/sdb
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![pvdisplay-command-output-linux][3]
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 3) Create VG (Volume Group)
|
||||
|
||||
To create a volume group, we will use vgcreate command. Creating VG means adding pv to the volume group.
|
||||
|
||||
Syntax :
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo vgcreare <vg_name> <pv>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
In our case, command would be,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo vgcreate volgrp01 /dev/sdb
|
||||
Volume group "volgrp01" successfully created
|
||||
$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Run following commands to verify the status of vg (volgrp01)
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo vgs volgrp01
|
||||
Or
|
||||
$ sudo vgdisplay volgrp01
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Output of above commands,
|
||||
|
||||
![vgs-command-output-linux][4]
|
||||
|
||||
Above output confirms that volume group (volgrp01) of size 15 GiB is created successful and size of one physical extend (PE) is 4 MB. PE size can be changed while creating vg.
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 4) Create LV (Logical Volume)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Lvcreate command is used to create LV from the VG. Syntax of lvcreate command would look like below,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo lvcreate -L <Size-of-LV> -n <LV-Name> <VG-Name>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
In our case, following command will be used to create lv of size 14 GB
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo lvcreate -L 14G -n lv01 volgrp01
|
||||
Logical volume "lv01" created.
|
||||
$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Validate the status of lv, run
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo lvs /dev/volgrp01/lv01
|
||||
or
|
||||
$ sudo lvdisplay /dev/volgrp01/lv01
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Output,
|
||||
|
||||
![lvs-command-output-linux][5]
|
||||
|
||||
Output above shows that LV (lv01) has been created successfully of size 14 GiB.
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 5) Format LVM Partition
|
||||
|
||||
Use mkfs command to format the lvm partition. In our case lvm partition is /dev/volgrp01/lv01
|
||||
|
||||
Note: We can format the partition either ext4 or xfs, so choose the file system type according to your setup and requirement.
|
||||
|
||||
Run following command to format LVM partition as ext4 file system.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/volgrp01/lv01
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![mkfs-ext4-filesystem-lvm][6]
|
||||
|
||||
Execute beneath command to format the lvm partition with xfs file system,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/volgrp01/lv01
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To use above formatted partition, we must mount it on some folder. So, let’s create a folder /mnt/data
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo mkdir /mnt/data
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Now run mount command to mount it on /mnt/data folder,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo mount /dev/volgrp01/lv01 /mnt/data/
|
||||
$ df -Th /mnt/data/
|
||||
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
|
||||
/dev/mapper/volgrp01-lv01 ext4 14G 24K 13G 1% /mnt/data
|
||||
$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Try to create some dummy file, run following commands,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ cd /mnt/data/
|
||||
$ echo "testing lvm partition" | sudo tee dummy.txt
|
||||
$ cat dummy.txt
|
||||
testing lvm partition
|
||||
$
|
||||
$ sudo rm -f dummy.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Perfect, above commands output confirm that we can access lvm partition.
|
||||
|
||||
To mount above lvm partition permanently, add its entries in fstab file using following echo command,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ echo '/dev/volgrp01/lv01 /mnt/data ext4 defaults 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
|
||||
$ sudo mount -a
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
That’s all from this guide, thanks for the reading. Kindly do post your queries and feedback in below comments section.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.linuxtechi.com/how-to-create-lvm-partition-in-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[James Kiarie][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/james/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/dmesg-command-new-attached-disk-linux.png
|
||||
[2]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/fdisk-command-output-new-disk.png
|
||||
[3]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/pvdisplay-command-output-linux.png
|
||||
[4]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/vgs-command-output-linux.png
|
||||
[5]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/lvs-command-output-linux.png
|
||||
[6]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/mkfs-ext4-filesystem-lvm.png
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "How to Create LVM Partition Step-by-Step in Linux"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.linuxtechi.com/how-to-create-lvm-partition-in-linux/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "James Kiarie https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/james/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
# 如何在 Linux 中逐步创建 LVM 分区
|
||||
|
||||
在本指南中，我们将逐步介绍如何在 Linux 中创建 lvm 分区。
|
||||
|
||||
LVM 代表逻辑卷管理，它是专门为服务器管理 Linux 系统上的磁盘或存储的推荐方式。 LVM 分区的主要优点之一是我们可以实时扩展其大小而无需停机。 LVM 分区也可以减少，但不推荐。
|
||||
|
||||
为了演示，我在我的 Ubuntu 22.04 系统上连接了 15GB 磁盘，我们将从命令行在该磁盘上创建 LVM 分区。
|
||||
|
||||
##### 先决条件
|
||||
|
||||
- 连接到 Linux 系统的原始磁盘
|
||||
- 具有 Sudo 权限的本地用户
|
||||
- 预装 lvm2 包
|
||||
|
||||
事不宜迟，让我们深入了解这些步骤。
|
||||
|
||||
### 步骤 1) 识别新连接的原始磁盘
|
||||
|
||||
登录到你的系统，打开终端并运行以下 dmesg 命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo dmesg | grep -i sd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在输出中，查找大小为 15GB 的新磁盘。
|
||||
|
||||
![dmesg-command-new-attached-disk-linux][1]
|
||||
|
||||
识别新连接的原始磁盘的另一种方法是通过 fdisk 命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo fdisk -l | grep -i /dev/sd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
输出：
|
||||
|
||||
![fdisk-command-output-new-disk][2]
|
||||
|
||||
从上面的输出，可以确认新连接的磁盘是 “/dev/sdb”
|
||||
|
||||
### 步骤 2）创建 PV（物理卷）
|
||||
|
||||
在开始在磁盘 /dev/sdb 上创建 pv 之前，请确保已安装 lvm2 包。如果未安装，请运行以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo apt install lvm2 // On Ubuntu / Debian
|
||||
$ sudo dnf install lvm2 // on RHEL / CentOS
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
运行以下 pvcreate 命令在磁盘 /dev/sdb 上创建 pv：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo pvcreate /dev/sdb
|
||||
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created.
|
||||
$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
要验证 pv 状态，运行：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo pvs /dev/sdb
|
||||
或者
|
||||
$ sudo pvdisplay /dev/sdb
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![pvdisplay-command-output-linux][3]
|
||||
|
||||
### 步骤 3) 创建 VG（卷组）
|
||||
|
||||
要创建卷组，我们将使用 vgcreate 命令。创建 VG 意味着将 pv 添加到卷组。
|
||||
|
||||
语法：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo vgcreare <vg_name> <pv>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在我们的例子中，命令是：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo vgcreate volgrp01 /dev/sdb
|
||||
Volume group "volgrp01" successfully created
|
||||
$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
运行以下命令以验证 vg (volgrp01) 的状态：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo vgs volgrp01
|
||||
或者
|
||||
$ sudo vgdisplay volgrp01
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
上述命令的输出：
|
||||
|
||||
![vgs-command-output-linux][4]
|
||||
|
||||
以上输出确认大小为 15 GiB 的卷组 (volgrp01) 已成功创建，一个物理扩展 (PE) 的大小为 4 MB。创建 vg 时可以更改 PE 大小。
|
||||
|
||||
### 步骤 4）创建 LV（逻辑卷）
|
||||
|
||||
Lvcreate 命令用于从 VG 创建 LV。 lvcreate 命令的语法如下所示：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo lvcreate -L <Size-of-LV> -n <LV-Name> <VG-Name>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在我们的例子中，以下命令将用于创建大小为 14 GB 的 lv：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo lvcreate -L 14G -n lv01 volgrp01
|
||||
Logical volume "lv01" created.
|
||||
$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
验证 lv 的状态，运行：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo lvs /dev/volgrp01/lv01
|
||||
或者
|
||||
$ sudo lvdisplay /dev/volgrp01/lv01
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
输出：
|
||||
|
||||
![lvs-command-output-linux][5]
|
||||
|
||||
上面的输出显示 LV (lv01) 已成功创建，大小为 14 GiB。
|
||||
|
||||
### 步骤 5) 格式化 LVM 分区
|
||||
|
||||
使用 mkfs 命令格式化 lvm 分区。在我们的例子中，lvm 分区是 /dev/volgrp01/lv01。
|
||||
|
||||
注意：我们可以将分区格式化为 ext4 或 xfs，因此请根据你的设置和要求选择文件系统类型。
|
||||
|
||||
运行以下命令将 LVM 分区格式化为 ext4 文件系统。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/volgrp01/lv01
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![mkfs-ext4-filesystem-lvm][6]
|
||||
|
||||
执行下面的命令，用 xfs 文件系统格式化 lvm 分区：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/volgrp01/lv01
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
要使用上述格式化分区，我们必须将其挂载到某个文件夹中。所以，让我们创建一个文件夹 /mnt/data：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo mkdir /mnt/data
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
现在运行 mount 命令将其挂载到 /mnt/data 文件夹：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo mount /dev/volgrp01/lv01 /mnt/data/
|
||||
$ df -Th /mnt/data/
|
||||
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
|
||||
/dev/mapper/volgrp01-lv01 ext4 14G 24K 13G 1% /mnt/data
|
||||
$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
尝试创建一些虚拟文件，运行以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ cd /mnt/data/
|
||||
$ echo "testing lvm partition" | sudo tee dummy.txt
|
||||
$ cat dummy.txt
|
||||
testing lvm partition
|
||||
$
|
||||
$ sudo rm -f dummy.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
完美，以上命令输出确认我们可以访问 lvm 分区。
|
||||
|
||||
要永久挂载到 lvm 分区之上，请使用以下 echo 命令将其条目添加到 fstab 文件中：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ echo '/dev/volgrp01/lv01 /mnt/data ext4 defaults 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
|
||||
$ sudo mount -a
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
以上就是本指南的全部内容，感谢阅读。请在下面的评论区发表你的问题和反馈。
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.linuxtechi.com/how-to-create-lvm-partition-in-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[James Kiarie][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者 ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux 中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/james/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/dmesg-command-new-attached-disk-linux.png
|
||||
[2]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/fdisk-command-output-new-disk.png
|
||||
[3]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/pvdisplay-command-output-linux.png
|
||||
[4]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/vgs-command-output-linux.png
|
||||
[5]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/lvs-command-output-linux.png
|
||||
[6]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/mkfs-ext4-filesystem-lvm.png
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user