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TSL:20190405 Blockchain 2.0 - Ongoing Projects (The State Of Smart Contracts Now) -Part 6.md
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (wxy)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Blockchain 2.0 – Ongoing Projects (The State Of Smart Contracts Now) [Part 6])
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[#]: via: (https://www.ostechnix.com/blockchain-2-0-ongoing-projects-the-state-of-smart-contracts-now/)
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[#]: author: (editor https://www.ostechnix.com/author/editor/)
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Blockchain 2.0 – Ongoing Projects (The State Of Smart Contracts Now) [Part 6]
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======
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![The State Of Smart Contracts Now][1]
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Continuing from our [**earlier post on smart contracts**][2], this post aims to discuss the state of Smart contracts, highlight some current projects and companies currently undertaking developments in the area. Smart contracts as discussed in the previous article of the series are programs that exist and execute themselves on a blockchain network. We explored how smart contracts work and why they are superior to traditional digital platforms. Companies described here operate in a wide variety of industries however most of them deal with identity management systems, financial services, crowd funding systems etc., as these are the areas thought to be most suitable for switching to blockchain based data base systems.
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### Open platforms
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Platforms such as **Counterparty** [1] and **Solidity(Ethereum)** are fully public building blocks for developers to create their own smart contracts. Wide spread developer participation in such projects have allowed these to become de facto standards for developing smart contracts, designing your own cryptocurrency token systems, and creating protocols for the blockchains to function. Many commendable projects have derived from them. **Quorum** , by JP Morgan, derived from Ethereum, is an example. **Ripple** is another example for the same.
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### Managing financial transactions
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Transferring cryptocurrencies over the internet is touted to be the norm in the coming years. The shortfalls with the same are:
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* Identities and wallet addresses are anonymous. The payer doesn’t have any first recourse if the receiver does not honor the transaction.
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* Erroneous transactions if any will cannot be traced.
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* Cryptographically generated hash keys are difficult to work with for humans and human errors are a prime concern.
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Having someone else take in the transaction momentarily and settle it with the receiver after due diligence is preferred in this case.
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**EscrowMyEther** [3] and **PAYFAIR** [4] are two such escrow platforms. Basically, the escrow company takes the agreed upon amount and sends a token to the receiver. Once the receiver delivers what the payer wants via the same escrow platform, both confirm and the final payment is released. These are used extensively by freelancers and hobbyist collectors online.
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### Financial services
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Developments in micro-financing and micro-insurance projects will improve the banking infrastructure for much of the world’s poor and unbanked. Involving the poorer “unbanked” sections of the society is estimated to increase revenues for banks and institutions involved by **$380 billion** [5]. This amount supersedes the savings in operational expenses that can be expected by switching to blockchain DLT for banks.
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**BankQu Inc.** based in Midwest United States goes by the slogan “Dignity through identity”. Their platform allows for individuals to setup their own digital identity record where all their transactions will be vetted and processed real time on the blockchain. Overtime the underlying code records and builds a unique online identity for its users allowing for ultra-quick transactions and settlements. The BankQu case studies exploring more about how they’re helping individuals and companies this way is available [here][3].
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**Stratumn** is helping insurance companies offer better insurance services by automating tasks which were earlier micromanaged by humans. By automation, end to end traceability, and efficient data privacy methods they’ve radically changed how insurance claims are settled. Improved customer experience along with significant cost reductions present a win-win situation for clients as well as firms involved[6].
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A similar endeavor is being run on a trial basis currently by the French Insurance firm, **AXA**. The product _**“fizzy”**_ allows users to subscribe to its service for a small fee and enter their flight details. In case, the flight gets delayed or comes across some other issue, the program automatically scours online databases, checks with the insurance terms and credits the insurance amount to the user’s account. This eliminates the need for the user or the customer to file a claim after checking with the terms manually and in the long-run once such systems become mainstream, increase accountability from airlines[7][8].
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### Keeping track of ownership rights
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It is theoretically possible to track media from creation to end user consumption utilizing timestamped blocks of data in a DLT. Companies **Peertracks** and **Mycelia** are currently helping musicians publish content without worrying about their content being stolen or misused. They help artists sell directly to fans and clients while getting paid for their work without having to go through rights and record labels[9].
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### Identity management platforms
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Blockchain based identity management platforms store your identity on a distributed ledger. Once an account is setup, it is securely encrypted and sent to all the participating nodes after. However, as the owner of the data block only the user has access to the data. Once your identity is established on the network and you begin transactions, an automated program within the network will verify all previous transactions associated with your account, send it for regulatory filings after checking requirements and execute the settlement automatically provided the program deems the transaction legitimate. The upside here being that since the data on the blockchain is tamper-proof and the smart contract checks the input with zero bias (or subjectivity), the transaction doesn’t, as previously mentioned, require oversight or approval from anyone and is taken care of instantaneously.
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Start-ups like **ShoCard** , **Credits** , and **OneName** are currently rolling out similar services and are currently in talks with government and social institutions for integrating them into mainstream use.
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Other independent projects by developers like **Chris Ellis** and **David Duccini** have respectively developed or proposed alternative identity management systems such as **“[World Citizenship][4]”** , and **[IDCoin][5]** , respectively. Mr Ellis even demonstrated the capabilities of his work by creating passports on the a blockchain network[10][11] [12][5].
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### Resource sharing
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**Share & Charge (Slock.It)** is a European blockchain start-up. Their mobile app allows homeowners and other individuals who’ve invested their money in setting up a charging station share their resource with other individuals who’re looking for a quick. This not only allows owners to get back some of their investment, but also allows EV drivers to access significantly more charging points in their near-by geographical area allowing for suppliers to meet demands in a convenient manner. Once a “customer” is done charging their vehicle, the hardware associated creates a secure time stamped block consisting of the data and a smart contract working on the platform automatically credits the corresponding amount of money into the owners account. A track of all such transactions is recorded and proper security verifications kept in place. Interested readers can take a look [here][6], to know the technical angle behind their product[13][14]. The company’s platforms will gradually enable users to share other products and services with individuals in need and earn a passive income from the same.
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The companies we’ve looked at here, comprise a very short list of ongoing projects that make use of smart contracts and blockchain database systems. Platform such as these help in building a secure “box” full of information to be accessed only by the users themselves and the overlying code or the smart contract. The information is vetted in real time based on a trigger, examined, and the algorithm is executed by the system. Such platforms with minimal human oversight, a much-needed step in the right direction with respect to secure digital automation, something which has never been thought of at this scale previously.
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The next post will shed some light on the **different types of blockchains**. Click the following link to know more about this topic.
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* [**Blockchain 2.0 – Public Vs Private Blockchain Comparison**][7]
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**References:**
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* **[1][About | Counterparty][8]**
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* **[2] [Quorum | J.P. Morgan][9]
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**
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* **[3][Escrow My Ether][10]**
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* **[4][PayFair][11]**
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* **[5] B. Pani, “Blockchain Powered Financial Inclusion,” 2016.**
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* **[6][STRATUMN | Insurance Claim Automation Across Europe][12]**
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* **[7][fizzy][13]**
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* **[8][AXA goes blockchain with fizzy | AXA][14]**
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* **[9] M. Gates, “Blockchain. Ultimate guide to understanding blockchain bitcoin cryptocurrencies smart-contracts and the future of money.pdf.” 2017.**
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* **[10][ShoCard Is A Digital Identity Card On The Blockchain | TechCrunch][15]**
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* **[11][J. Biggs, “Your Next Passport Could Be On The Blockchain | TechCrunch][16]**
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* **[12][OneName – Namecoin Wiki][17]**
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* **[13][Share&Charge launches its app, on-boards over 1,000 charging stations on the blockchain][18]**
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* **[14][slock.it – Landing][19]**
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.ostechnix.com/blockchain-2-0-ongoing-projects-the-state-of-smart-contracts-now/
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作者：[editor][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/editor/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/State-Of-Smart-Contracts-720x340.png
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[2]: https://www.ostechnix.com/blockchain-2-0-explaining-smart-contracts-and-its-types/
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[3]: https://banqu.co/case-study/
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[4]: https://github.com/MrChrisJ/World-Citizenship
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[5]: https://github.com/IDCoin/IDCoin
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[6]: https://blog.slock.it/share-charge-smart-contracts-the-technical-angle-58b93ce80f15
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[7]: https://www.ostechnix.com/blockchain-2-0-public-vs-private-blockchain-comparison/
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[8]: https://counterparty.io/platform/
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[9]: https://www.jpmorgan.com/global/Quorum
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[10]: http://escrowmyether.com/
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[11]: https://payfair.io/
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[12]: https://stratumn.com/business-case/insurance-claim-automation-across-europe/
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[13]: https://fizzy.axa/en-gb/
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[14]: https://group.axa.com/en/newsroom/news/axa-goes-blockchain-with-fizzy
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[15]: https://techcrunch.com/2015/05/05/shocard-is-a-digital-identity-card-on-the-blockchain/
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[16]: https://techcrunch.com/2014/10/31/your-next-passport-could-be-on-the-blockchain/
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[17]: https://wiki.namecoin.org/index.php?title=OneName
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[18]: https://blog.slock.it/share-charge-launches-its-app-on-boards-over-1-000-charging-stations-on-the-blockchain-ba8275390309
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[19]: https://slock.it/
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@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (wxy)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Blockchain 2.0 – Ongoing Projects (The State Of Smart Contracts Now) [Part 6])
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[#]: via: (https://www.ostechnix.com/blockchain-2-0-ongoing-projects-the-state-of-smart-contracts-now/)
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[#]: author: (editor https://www.ostechnix.com/author/editor/)
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区块链 2.0：智能合约如今的发展（六）
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======
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![The State Of Smart Contracts Now][1]
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继续我们的[前面的关于智能合约的文章][2]，这篇文章旨在讨论智能合约的形势，重点介绍目前正在该领域进行开发的一些项目和公司。如本系列前一篇文章中讨论的，智能合约是在区块链网络上存在并执行的程序。我们探讨了智能合约的工作原理以及它们优于传统数字平台的原因。这里描述的公司分布于各种各样的行业中，但是大多涉及到身份管理系统、金融服务、众筹系统等，因为这些是被认为最适合切换到基于区块链的数据库系统的领域。
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### 开放平台
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诸如 [Counterparty][8] 和 Solidity（以太坊）等平台是完全公用的构建模块，开发者可以以之创建自己的智能合约。大量的开发人员参与此类项目使这些项目成为开发智能合约、设计自己的加密货币令牌系统以及为区块链创建协议以实现功能的事实标准。许多值得称赞的项目都来源于它们。摩根大通派生自以太坊的 [Quorum][9]，就是一个例子。而瑞波是另一个例子。
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### 管理金融交易
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通过互联网转账加密货币被吹捧为在未来几年的常态。与此相关的不足之处是：
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* 身份和钱包地址是匿名的。如果接收方不履行交易，则付款人没有任何第一追索权。
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* 错误交易（如果无法追踪任何交易）。
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* 密码生成的哈希密钥很难用于人类，人为错误是主要关注点。
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在这种情况下，可以让其他人暂时接受该交易并在接受尽职调查后与接收方结算。
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[EscrowMyEther][10] 和 [PAYFAIR][11] 是两个这样的托管平台。基本上，托管公司采用商定的金额并向接收方发送令牌。一旦接收方通过相同的托管平台提供付款人想要的内容，两者都会确认并最终付款。 这些得到了自由职业者和业余爱好者收藏家广泛在线使用。
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### 金融服务
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小额融资和小额保险项目的发展将改善世界上大多数贫穷或没有银行账户的人的银行金融服务。据估计，社会中较贫穷的“无银行账户”人群可以为银行和机构的增加 3800 亿美元收入 [^5]。这一金额取代了通过银行切换到区块链 DLT 预期可以节省的运营费用。
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位于美国中西部的 BankQu Inc. 的口号是“通过身份而尊严”。他们的平台允许个人设置他们自己的数字身份记录，其中所有交易将在区块链上实时审查和处理。在底层代码上记录并为其用户构建唯一的在线标识，从而实现超快速的交易和结算。BankQu 案例研究探讨了他们如何以这种方式帮助个人和公司，可以在[这里][3]看到。
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[Stratumn][12] 正在帮助保险公司通过自动执行早期由人类微观管理的任务来提供更好的保险服务。通过自动化、端到端可追溯性和高效的数据隐私方法，他们彻底改变了保险索赔的结算方式。改善客户体验以及显著降低成本，为客户和相关公司带来双赢局面。
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法国保险公司 [AXA][14] 目前正在试行类似的努力。其产品 [fizzy][13] 允许用户以少量费用订阅其服务并输入他们的航班详细信息。如果航班延误或遇到其他问题，该程序会自动搜索在线数据库，检查保险条款并将保险金额记入用户的帐户。这样就消除了用户或客户在手动检查条款后提出索赔的要求，并且一旦这样的系统成为主流，就不需要长期提出索赔，增加了航空公司的责任。
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### 跟踪所有权
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理论上可以利用 DLT 中的带时间戳的数据块来跟踪从创建到最终用户消费的媒体。Peertracks 公司 和 Mycelia 公司目前正在帮助音乐家发布内容，而不必担心其内容被盗或被滥用。他们帮助艺术家直接向粉丝和客户销售，同时获得工作报酬，而无需通过权利和唱片公司 [^9]。
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### 身份管理平台
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基于区块链的身份管理平台可以将你的身份存储在分布式分类帐本中。设置帐户后，会对其进行安全加密，然后将其发送给所有参与节点。但是，作为数据块的所有者，只有该用户才能访问该数据。一旦你在网络上建立身份并开始交易，网络中的自动程序将验证与你的帐户关联的先前所有的交易，在检查要求后将其发送给监管备案，并在程序认为交易合法时自动执行结算。这里的好处是，由于区块链上的数据是防篡改的，而智能合约以零偏差（或主观性）检查输入，如前所述，交易不需要任何人的监督或批准，并且需要小心是即刻生效的。
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像 [ShoCard][15] 、[Credits][16] 和 [OneName][17] 这样的初创公司目前正在推出类似的服务，目前正在与政府和社会机构进行谈判，以便将它们整合到主流用途中。
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开发商的其他独立项目如 Chris Ellis 和 David Duccini 分别开发或提出了替代的身份管理系统，分别是 “[世界公民][4]”和 [IDCoin][5]。Ellis 先生甚至通过在区块链网络上创建护照来证明他的工作能力。
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### 资源共享
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[Share & Charge][18] ([Slock.It][19]) 是一家欧洲的区块链初创公司。他们的移动应用程序允许房主和其他个人投入资金建立充电站与其他正在寻找快速充电的人分享他们的资源。这不仅使业主能够收回他们的一些投资，而且还允许 EV 司机在其近地域获得更多的充电点，从而允许供应商以方便的方式满足需求。一旦“客户”完成对其车辆的充电，相关的硬件就会创建一个由数据组成的安全时间戳块，并且在该平台上工作的智能合约会自动将相应的金额记入所有者账户。记录所有此类交易的跟踪并保持适当的安全验证。有兴趣的读者可以看一下[这里][6]，了解他们产品背后的技术角度。该公司的平台将逐步使用户能够与有需要的个人分享其他产品和服务，并从中获得被动收入。
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我们在这里看到的公司，以及一个很短的正在进行中的项目的清单，这些项目利用智能合约和区块链数据库系统。诸如此类的平台有助于构建一个安全的“盒子”，其中包含仅由用户自己和上面的代码或智能合约访问的信息。基于触发器对信息进行实时审查、检查，并且算法由系统执行。这样的平台具有最小化的人为监督，这是在安全数字自动化方面朝着正确方向迈出的急需的一步，这在以前从未被考虑过如此规模。
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下一篇文章将阐述不同类型的区块链。单击以下链接以了解有关此主题的更多信息。
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* [区块链 2.0：公有链与私有链的比较][7]
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[^5]: B. Pani, “Blockchain Powered Financial Inclusion,” 2016.
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[^9]: M. Gates, “Blockchain. Ultimate guide to understanding blockchain bitcoin cryptocurrencies smart-contracts and the future of money.pdf.” 2017.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.ostechnix.com/blockchain-2-0-ongoing-projects-the-state-of-smart-contracts-now/
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作者：[editor][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
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[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/editor/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/State-Of-Smart-Contracts-720x340.png
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[2]: https://linux.cn/article-10956-1.html
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[3]: https://banqu.co/case-study/
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[4]: https://github.com/MrChrisJ/World-Citizenship
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[5]: https://github.com/IDCoin/IDCoin
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[6]: https://blog.slock.it/share-charge-smart-contracts-the-technical-angle-58b93ce80f15
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[7]: https://www.ostechnix.com/blockchain-2-0-public-vs-private-blockchain-comparison/
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[8]: https://counterparty.io/platform/
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[9]: https://www.jpmorgan.com/global/Quorum
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[10]: http://escrowmyether.com/
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[11]: https://payfair.io/
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[12]: https://stratumn.com/business-case/insurance-claim-automation-across-europe/
|
||||
[13]: https://fizzy.axa/en-gb/
|
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[14]: https://group.axa.com/en/newsroom/news/axa-goes-blockchain-with-fizzy
|
||||
[15]: https://techcrunch.com/2015/05/05/shocard-is-a-digital-identity-card-on-the-blockchain/
|
||||
[16]: https://techcrunch.com/2014/10/31/your-next-passport-could-be-on-the-blockchain/
|
||||
[17]: https://wiki.namecoin.org/index.php?title=OneName
|
||||
[18]: https://blog.slock.it/share-charge-launches-its-app-on-boards-over-1-000-charging-stations-on-the-blockchain-ba8275390309
|
||||
[19]: https://slock.it/
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user