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Translating by ZTinoZ
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15 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 15.04 Desktop
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================================================================================
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This tutorial is intended for beginners and covers some basic steps on what to do after you have installed Ubuntu 15.04 “Vivid Vervet” Desktop version on your computer in order to customize the system and install basic programs for daily usage.
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15 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 15.04
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### 1. Enable Ubuntu Extra Repositories and Update the System ###
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The first thing you should take care of after a fresh installation of Ubuntu is to enable Ubuntu Extra Repositories provided by official Canonical Partners and keep an up-to-date system with the last security patches and software updates.
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In order to accomplish this step, open from the left Launcher System Settings -> Software and Updates utility and check all Ubuntu Software and Other Software (Canonical Partners) repositories. After you finish hit the Close button and wait for the utility to Reload the cache sources tree.
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Software Updates
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Other Software (Canonical Partners)
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For a fast and smooth update process, open a Terminal and issue the following command in order to update the system using the new software repositories:
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$ sudo apt-get update
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$ sudo apt-get upgrade
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Ubuntu Upgrade
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### 2. Install Additional Drivers ###
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In order for the system to scan and install additional hardware proprietary drivers, open Software and Updates utility from System Settings, go to Additional Drivers tab and wait for the utility to scan for drivers.
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If some drivers matching your hardware are found, check the drivers you want to install and hit the Apply Changes button to install it. In case the proprietary drivers are not working as expected, uninstall them using the Revert button or check Do not use the device and Apply Changes.
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Install Drivers
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### 3. Install Synaptic and Gdebi Package Tools ###
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Besides Ubuntu Software Center, Synaptic is a Graphical utility for apt command line through which you can manage repositories or install, remove, search, upgrade and configure software packages. Similar way, Gdebi has the same functionality for local .deb packages. To install this two package managers on your system issue the following command on Terminal:
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$ sudo apt-get install synaptic gdebi
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Install Synaptic and Gdebi
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Synaptic Package Manager
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### 4. Change System Appearance and Behavior ###
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If you want to change Desktop Background or Launcher Icon Size, open System Settings –> Appearance –> Look and personalize the desktop. To move the menu to window title bar, enable workspaces and desktop icons or auto-hide the Launcher visit Behavior tab.
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|
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System Appearances
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. Improve System Security and Privacy ###
|
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|
||||
|
||||
System Security Enhancement
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
System Security Options
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. Disable Unneeded Startup Applications ###
|
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|
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To improve system login speed, reveal hidden Startup Applications by issuing the below command on Terminal, open Startup Applications utility by searching it in Dash and uncheck the unneeded applications during login process.
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|
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$ sudo sed -i ‘s/NoDisplay=true/NoDisplay=false/g’ /etc/xdg/autostart/*.desktop
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|
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Disable Unwanted Applications
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|
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### 6. Add Extended Multimedia Support ###
|
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|
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By default, Ubuntu comes with a minimal support for media files. In order to play various media formats or manipulate video files, install the following multimedia applications:
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|
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- VLC
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- Smplayer
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- Audacious
|
||||
- QMMP
|
||||
- Mixxx
|
||||
- XBMC
|
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- Handbrake
|
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- Openshot
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|
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Use the following command line to install all with one shot:
|
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|
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$ sudo apt-get install vlc smplayer audacious qmmp mixxx xbmc handbrake openshot
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|
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|
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Install Media Players
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|
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|
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Media Player Playlist
|
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|
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Besides this multimedia players also install ubuntu-restricted-extras and Java support packages in order to decode and support other restricted media formats.
|
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|
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$ sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras openjdk-8-jdk
|
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|
||||
|
||||
Install Ubuntu Extras
|
||||
|
||||
To enable DVD Playback and other multimedia codecs issue the following command on Terminal:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad lame libavcodec-extra
|
||||
$ sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/install-css.sh
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|
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|
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Enable Video Codes
|
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|
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### 7. Install Image Applications ###
|
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|
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If you are a photography enthusiast and you want to handle and manipulate images on Ubuntu, probably you want to install the following imaging programs:
|
||||
|
||||
- GIMP (alternative for Adobe Photoshop)
|
||||
- Darktable
|
||||
- Rawtherapee
|
||||
- Pinta
|
||||
- Shotwell
|
||||
- Inkscape (alternative for Adobe Illustrator)
|
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- Digikam
|
||||
- Cheese
|
||||
|
||||
This applications can be installed from Ubuntu Software Center or all at once by using the following command line on Terminal:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install gimp gimp-plugin-registry gimp-data-extras darktable rawtherapee pinta shotwell inkscape
|
||||
|
||||
|
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Install Image Applications
|
||||
|
||||
|
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Rawtherapee Tool
|
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|
||||
### 8. Install Media Burners ###
|
||||
|
||||
To mount ISO images or burn a CDs or a DVD, you can choose and install from the following software:
|
||||
|
||||
- Brasero Disk Burner
|
||||
- K3b
|
||||
- Xfburn
|
||||
- Furius ISO Mount
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install brasero
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install k3b
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install xfburn
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install furiusisomount
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Install Media Burners
|
||||
|
||||
### 9. Install Archive Applications ###
|
||||
|
||||
To handle most of archive formatted files (zip, tar.gz, zip, 7zip rar etc) install the following packages by issuing the below command:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install unace unrar zip unzip p7zip-full p7zip-rar sharutils rar uudeview mpack arj cabextract file-roller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Install Archive Applications
|
||||
|
||||
### 10. Install Chat Application ###
|
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|
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If you want to talk to people all over the world, here is a list of the most popular chat applications for Linux:
|
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|
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- Pidgin
|
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- Skype
|
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- Xchat
|
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- Telegram
|
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- aMSN
|
||||
- Viber
|
||||
|
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You can install most of them from Ubuntu Software Center or by using the command line:
|
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|
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$ sudo apt-get install pidgin
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$ sudo apt-get install skype
|
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$ sudo apt-get install xchat
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install amsn
|
||||
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:atareao/telegram -y
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$ sudo apt-get update
|
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$ sudo apt-get install telegram
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|
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|
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Install Chat Applications
|
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|
||||
To install Viber application on Ubuntu visit [Viber official webpage][1], download the Debian package locally and install the viber.deb application using Gdebi package manager (left click – > Open with -> GDebi Package Installer).
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|
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Install Viber
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### 11. Install Torrent Software ###
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The most popular torrent applications and peer-to-peer file sharing programs for Ubuntu are:
|
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|
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- Deluge
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- Transmission
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||||
- Qbittorrent
|
||||
- LinuxDC++
|
||||
|
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To install your favorite peer-to-peer file sharing application on Ubuntu issue the following command on Terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install deluge
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install transmission
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||||
$ sudo apt-get install qbittorrent
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$ sudo apt-get install linuxdcpp
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||||
Install Torrent
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### 12. Install Windows Emulator -Wine and Gaming Support – Steam ###
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Wine emulator allows you to install and run Windows applications on Linux. On the other hand, Steam is a popular gaming platform for Linux based systems developed by Valve. To install both of them on your machine issue the following command on Terminal or use Ubuntu Software Center.
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|
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$ sudo apt-get install steam wine winetricks
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|
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|
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Install Wine
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||||
### 13. Install Cairo-Dock and Enable Desktop Visual Effects ###
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|
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Cairo-Dock is a beautiful and flexible launcher bar for Linux desktops similar to the Mac OS X dock. To install it on Ubuntu, run the following command on Terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install cairo-dock cairo-dock-plug-ins
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||||
|
||||
|
||||
Install Cairo Dock
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Add Cairo Dock at Startup
|
||||
|
||||
To enable a set of Desktop Effects, such as Cube effect, install Compiz package with the following command:
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||||
|
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$ sudo apt-get install compiz compizconfig-settings-manager compiz-plugins-extra
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||||
|
||||
To activate the Desktop Cube effect, search for ccsm on Dash, open CompizConfig Settings Manager, go to General Options – > Desktop Size and set Horizontal Virtual Size value to 4 and Vertical Virtual Size to 1. Then go back and check Desktop Cube (Disable Desktop Wall) and Rotate Cube boxes (Resolve Conflicts ->Disable Switch to Viewport 1) and press Ctrl+Alt+Left Mouse Click to view the cube effect.
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||||
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||||
Enable Compiz
|
||||
|
||||
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||||
Compiz Settings
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Compiz Settings Addons
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Desktop Window Rotating
|
||||
|
||||
### 14. Add Extra Browser Support ###
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Ubuntu 15.04 comes by default with Mozilla Firefox Web Browser. To install other browsers such as Google Chrome or Opera, visit their official web pages, download the provided .deb packages and install them on your system using the Gdebi Package Installer.
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||||
Enable Browser Support
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||||
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||||
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||||
Opera Browser Support
|
||||
|
||||
To install Chromium Open Source browser issue the following command on Terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install chromium-browser
|
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||||
### 15. Install Tweak Tools ###
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||||
Want extra applications for customizing Ubuntu? Then install Unity Tweak Tool and Gnome Tweak Tool by issuing the following commands on Terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool gnome-tweak-tool
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Install Tweak Tool
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Tweak Tool Settings
|
||||
|
||||
Another interesting tweak tool is represented by the Ubuntu Tweak package which can be obtained and installed by visiting the webpage: [http://ubuntu-tweak.com/][2].
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Tweak Tool: System Information
|
||||
|
||||
After you have installed all this bunch of software, you might want to clean your system in order to free some space on the hard drive, by issuing the following commands:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get -y autoremove
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get -y autoclean
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get -y clean
|
||||
|
||||
This are just a few tweaks and programs that an average user might install and use on Ubuntu 15.04 Desktop for daily basic utilization. For more advanced programs, features and utilities use Ubuntu Software Center or consult Ubuntu Wiki webpage.
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||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-15-04-desktop/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Matei Cezar][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/cezarmatei/
|
||||
[1]:http://www.viber.com/en/products/linux
|
||||
[2]:http://ubuntu-tweak.com/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
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安装完Ubuntu 15.04桌面后要做的15件事
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
本教程适用于新手和在自己的电脑上安装好Ubuntu 15.04 “Vivid Vervet” 桌面之后为了自定义自己的系统并安装一些基本程序作为日常使用的已经做了一些准备的人。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
安装完Ubuntu 15.04桌面后要做的15件事
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. 启用Ubuntu额外软件库并更新系统 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在刚装好Ubuntu之后你应该要关心的第一件事是启用官方合作伙伴提供的Ubuntu额外软件库并且通过最近一次的安全补丁和软件更新来保持系统是最新状态。
|
||||
|
||||
要完成这一步，依次从左边菜单中打开System Settings -> Software and Updates工具并检查所有Ubuntu软件和其他软件库（官方合作伙伴所提供），点击关闭按钮并等待重新加载缓存源树。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Software Updates
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Other Software (Canonical Partners)
|
||||
|
||||
经过一系列快速平滑的更新过程之后，打开终端并输入以下命令来让系统使用新软件库：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get update
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get upgrade
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Upgrade
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. 安装额外驱动 ###
|
||||
|
||||
为了能让系统扫描并安装额外的硬件专有驱动，我们依然从System Settings打开Software and Updates工具，选择Additional Drivers标签并等待该工具扫描驱动。
|
||||
|
||||
如果有驱动匹配到了你的硬件，查看你想要安装的驱动并点击Apply按钮来安装它，以防专有驱动没有如期工作，用Revert按钮就能卸载它们或勾选Do not use the device后点击Apply按钮。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Install Drivers
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. 安装Synaptic和Gdebi工具 ###
|
||||
|
||||
除了Ubuntu Software Center，Synaptic是一个apt图形化工具，通过它你能管理、安装、卸载、搜索和升级软件库并配置软件包。同样的，Gdebi在功能上也有相同的地方。在终端上输入以下命令来安装这两个包：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install synaptic gdebi
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Install Synaptic and Gdebi
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Synaptic Package Manager
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. 更改系统外观和运行状态 ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想要更改桌面背景或图标大小，依次打开System Settings –> Appearance –> Look并对桌面进行个性化设置，把菜单移动到窗口标题栏，在Behavior标签中启动workspaces和desktop icons或开关auto-hide the Launcher。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
System Appearances
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. 提升系统安全性和隐私性 ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
System Security Enhancement
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
System Security Options
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. 禁用不需要开机自启动的应用程序 ###
|
||||
|
||||
要提高登录系统的速度，通过输入以下命令来显示被隐藏的开机启动应用程序，在Dash中搜索它就能打开Startup Applications工具并反选不需要再登录系统的过程中启动的程序。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo sed -i ‘s/NoDisplay=true/NoDisplay=false/g’ /etc/xdg/autostart/*.desktop
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Disable Unwanted Applications
|
||||
|
||||
### 7. 添加扩展多媒体支持 ###
|
||||
|
||||
默认情况下，Ubuntu对多媒体文件支持不是很好。为了能播放各种不同的多媒体格式或解析视频文件，可以安装以下多媒体应用程序：
|
||||
|
||||
- VLC
|
||||
- Smplayer
|
||||
- Audacious
|
||||
- QMMP
|
||||
- Mixxx
|
||||
- XBMC
|
||||
- Handbrake
|
||||
- Openshot
|
||||
|
||||
用以下命令来一次性安装所有的这些应用程序：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install vlc smplayer audacious qmmp mixxx xbmc handbrake openshot
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Install Media Players
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Media Player Playlist
|
||||
|
||||
除了多媒体播放器，安装ubuntu-restricted-extras和Java支持包也可以解码并支持其它受约束的多媒体格式。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras openjdk-8-jdk
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Install Ubuntu Extras
|
||||
|
||||
在终端上输入以下命令来启用DVD Playback和其它多媒体解码器：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad lame libavcodec-extra
|
||||
$ sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/install-css.sh
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Enable Video Codes
|
||||
|
||||
### 8. 安装图像处理应用程序 ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果你是一个摄影爱好者，想在Ubuntu上处理调整图像，或许需要安装一下图像处理程序：
|
||||
|
||||
- GIMP (alternative for Adobe Photoshop)
|
||||
- Darktable
|
||||
- Rawtherapee
|
||||
- Pinta
|
||||
- Shotwell
|
||||
- Inkscape (alternative for Adobe Illustrator)
|
||||
- Digikam
|
||||
- Cheese
|
||||
|
||||
这些应用程序能从Ubuntu Software Center中安装或者立刻在终端上使用以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install gimp gimp-plugin-registry gimp-data-extras darktable rawtherapee pinta shotwell inkscape
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Install Image Applications
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Rawtherapee Tool
|
||||
|
||||
### 9. 安装媒体烧录软件 ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果要挂载ISO镜像或烧录一张CD或DVD，你可以选择并安装以下软件中的一款：
|
||||
|
||||
- Brasero Disk Burner
|
||||
- K3b
|
||||
- Xfburn
|
||||
- Furius ISO Mount
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install brasero
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install k3b
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install xfburn
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install furiusisomount
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Install Media Burners
|
||||
|
||||
### 10. 安装压缩应用程序 ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果要处理大多数归档格式的文件(zip, tar.gz, zip, 7zip rar等等)，输入以下命令来安装这些包：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install unace unrar zip unzip p7zip-full p7zip-rar sharutils rar uudeview mpack arj cabextract file-roller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Install Archive Applications
|
||||
|
||||
### 11. 安装聊天应用程序 ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想要和世界各地的人们聊天，这里有一份最流行的Linux聊天应用程序列表：
|
||||
|
||||
- Pidgin
|
||||
- Skype
|
||||
- Xchat
|
||||
- Telegram
|
||||
- aMSN
|
||||
- Viber
|
||||
|
||||
你可以从Ubuntu Software Center中安装它们或使用以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install pidgin
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install skype
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install xchat
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install amsn
|
||||
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:atareao/telegram -y
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get update
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install telegram
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Install Chat Applications
|
||||
|
||||
想要在Ubuntu上安装Viber可以访问[Viber官方网站][1]下载Debian安装包到本地并用Gdebi包管理工具来安装viber.deb应用程序(右击 –> 打开 -> GDebi Package Installer).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Install Viber
|
||||
|
||||
### 12. 安装种子软件 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在Ubuntu最流行的种子应用程序和P2P文件共享程序是：
|
||||
|
||||
- Deluge
|
||||
- Transmission
|
||||
- Qbittorrent
|
||||
- LinuxDC++
|
||||
|
||||
想要在Ubuntu上安装你最喜欢的P2P文件共享应用程序，可以在终端上输入以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install deluge
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install transmission
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install qbittorrent
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install linuxdcpp
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Install Torrent
|
||||
|
||||
### 13. 安装Windows仿真器-Wine和游戏支持平台-Steam ###
|
||||
|
||||
Wine仿真器允许你在Linux上安装并运行Window应用程序。在另一方面，Steam是一款Valve开发的流行于Linux系统的游戏平台。想要在你的机器上安装它们，可以输入以下命令或使用Ubuntu Software Center。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install steam wine winetricks
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Install Wine
|
||||
|
||||
### 14. 安装Cairo-Dock并启用桌面视觉效果 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Cairo-Dock是一款漂亮且灵巧的用于Linux桌面上的启动条，类似于Mac OS X dock。想要在Ubuntu上安装它，可以在终端上运行以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install cairo-dock cairo-dock-plug-ins
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Install Cairo Dock
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Add Cairo Dock at Startup
|
||||
|
||||
想要启用某一套桌面效果，例如Cube效果，可以使用以下命令来安装Compiz包：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install compiz compizconfig-settings-manager compiz-plugins-extra
|
||||
|
||||
想要激活桌面Cube效果，在Dash上查找ccsm，打开CompizConfig Settings Manager，找到General Options – > Desktop Size并设置Horizontal Virtual Size的值为4，Vertical Virtual Size的值为1。然后返回检查Desktop Cube框(禁用Desktop Wall)和Rotate Cube框(解决冲突 -> 禁止切换视图1)并Ctrl+Alt+鼠标左击来查看cube效果。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Enable Compiz
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Compiz Settings
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Compiz Settings Addons
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Desktop Window Rotating
|
||||
|
||||
### 15. 添加额外浏览器支持 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 15.04默认浏览器是Mozilla Firefox。想要安装其它浏览器比如Google Chrome或Opera，可以访问它们的官方网站，下载所提供的.deb包并用Gdebi Package Installer在你的系统上安装它们。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Enable Browser Support
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Opera Browser Support
|
||||
|
||||
想要安装Chromium开源浏览器请在终端上输入以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install chromium-browser
|
||||
|
||||
### 16. 安装Tweak工具 ###
|
||||
|
||||
想要用额外的应用程序来自定义Ubuntu吗？在终端上输入以下命令来安装Unity Tweak工具和Gnome Tweak工具：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool gnome-tweak-tool
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Install Tweak Tool
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Tweak Tool Settings
|
||||
|
||||
另一个有趣的tweak工具主要是Ubuntu Tweak包，可以通过访问官方网站来获取并安装： [http://ubuntu-tweak.com/][2].
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Tweak Tool: System Information
|
||||
|
||||
在你安装好这一连串软件之后，你或许想要清理一下你的系统来释放一点硬盘上的空间，输入以下命令即可：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get -y autoremove
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get -y autoclean
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get -y clean
|
||||
|
||||
这只是tweaks工具中的其中一些和普通用户日常生活中可能会在Ubuntu 15.04桌面上安装使用的程序。想要了解更多高级的程序，特性和功能，请使用Ubuntu Software Center或查阅Ubuntu Wiki主页。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-15-04-desktop/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Matei Cezar][a]
|
||||
译者：[ZTinoZ](https://github.com/ZTinoZ)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/cezarmatei/
|
||||
[1]:http://www.viber.com/en/products/linux
|
||||
[2]:http://ubuntu-tweak.com/
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user