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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (Yufei-Yan)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: subject: (What is IoT? The internet of things explained)
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[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3207535/what-is-iot-the-internet-of-things-explained.html)
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[#]: author: (Josh Fruhlinger https://www.networkworld.com/author/Josh-Fruhlinger/)
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What is IoT? The internet of things explained
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======
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The internet of things (IoT) is a network of connected smart devices providing rich data, but it can also be a security nightmare.
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Thinkstock
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The internet of things (IoT) is a catch-all term for the growing number of electronics that aren't traditional computing devices, but are connected to the internet to send data, receive instructions or both.
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There's an incredibly broad range of things that fall under that umbrella: Internet-connected "smart" versions of traditional appliances like refrigerators and light bulbs; gadgets that could only exist in an internet-enabled world like Alexa-style digital assistants; internet-enabled sensors that are transforming factories, healthcare, transportation, distribution centers and farms.
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### What is the internet of things?
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The IoT brings the power of the internet, data processing and analytics to the real world of physical objects. For consumers, this means interacting with the global information network without the intermediary of a keyboard and screen; many of their everyday objects and appliances can take instructions from that network with minimal human intervention.
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**[ [More IoT coverage of Network World][1] ]**
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In enterprise settings, IoT can bring the same efficiencies to physical manufacturing and distribution that the internet has long delivered for knowledge work. Millions if not billions of embedded internet-enabled sensors worldwide are providing an incredibly rich set of data that companies can use to gather data about their safety of their operations, track assets and reduce manual processes. Researchers can also use the IoT to gather data about people's preferences and behavior, though that can have serious implications for privacy and security.
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### How big is it?
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In a word: enormous. [Priceonomics breaks it down][2]: There are more than 50 billion IoT devices as of 2020, and those devices will generate 4.4 zettabytes of data this year. (A zettabyte is a trillion gigabytes.) By comparison, in 2013 IoT devices generated a mere 100 billion gigabytes. The amount of money to be made in the IoT market is similarly staggering; estimates on the value of the market in 2025 range from $1.6 trillion to $14.4 trillion.
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### History of IoT
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A world of omnipresent connected devices and sensors is one of the oldest tropes of science fiction. IoT lore has dubbed a [vending machine at Carnegie Mellon][3] that was connected to APRANET in 1970 as the first Internet of Things device, and many technologies have been touted as enabling "smart" IoT-style characteristics to give them a futuristic sheen. But the term Internet of Things was coined in 1999 by British technologist [ Kevin Ashton][4].
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At first, the technology lagged behind the vision. Every internet-connected thing needed a processor and a means to communicate with other things, preferably wirelessly, and those factors imposed costs and power requirements that made widespread IoT rollouts impractical, at least until Moore's Law caught up in the mid '00s.
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One important milestone was [widespread adoption of RFID tags][5], cheap minimalist transponders that could be stuck on any object to connect it to the larger internet world. Omnipresent Wi-Fi and 4G made it possible to for designers to simply assume wireless connectivity anywhere. And the rollout of IPv6 means that connecting billions of gadgets to the internet won't exhaust the store of IP addresses, which was a real concern. (Related story: [Can IoT networking drive adoption of IPv6?][6])
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### How does the IoT work?
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The basic elements of the IoT are devices that gather data. Broadly speaking, they are internet-connected devices, so they each have an IP address. They range in complexity from autonomous vehicles that haul products around factory floors to simple sensors that monitor the temperature in buildings. They also include personal devices like fitness trackers that monitor the number of steps individuals take each day. To make that data useful it needs to be collected, processed, filtered and analyzed, each of which can be handled in a variety of ways.
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Collecting the data is done by transmitting it from the devices to a gathering point. Moving the data can be done wirelessly using a range of technologies or on wired networks. The data can be sent over the internet to a data center or a cloud that has storage and compute power or the transfer can be staged, with intermediary devices aggregating the data before sending it along.
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Processing the data can take place in data centers or cloud, but sometimes that’s not an option. In the case of critical devices such as shutoffs in industrial settings, the delay of sending data from the device to a remote data center is too great. The round-trip time for sending data, processing it, analyzing it and returning instructions (close that valve before the pipes burst) can take too long. In such cases edge-computing can come into play, where a smart edge device can aggregate data, analyze it and fashion responses if necessary, all within relatively close physical distance, thereby reducing delay. Edge devices also have upstream connectivity for sending data to be further processed and stored.
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[][7] Network World / IDG
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How the internet of things works.
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### **Examples of IoT devices**
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Essentially, anything that's capable of gathering some information about the physical world and sending it back home can participate in the IoT ecosystem. Smart home appliances, RFID tags, and industrial sensors are a few examples. These sensors can monitor a range of factors including temperature and pressure in industrial systems, status of critical parts in machinery, patient vital signs, and use of water and electricity, among many, many other possibilities.
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Entire factory robots can be considered IoT devices, as can autonomous vehicles that move products around industrial settings and warehouses.
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Other examples include fitness wearables and home security systems. There are also more generic devices, like the [Raspberry Pi][8] or [Arduino][9], that let you build your own IoT end points. Even though you might think of your smartphone as a pocket-sized computer, it may well also be beaming data about your location and behavior to back-end services in very IoT-like ways.
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#### **Device management**
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In order to work together, all those devices need to be authenticated, provisioned, configured, and monitored, as well as patched and updated as necessary. Too often, all this happens within the context of a single vendor's proprietary systems – or, it doesn't happen at all, which is even more risky. But the industry is starting to transition to a [standards-based device management model][10], which allows IoT devices to interoperate and will ensure that devices aren't orphaned.
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#### **IoT communication standards and protocols**
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When IoT gadgets talk to other devices, they can use a wide variety of communications standards and protocols, many tailored to devices with limited processing capabilities or not much electrical power. Some of these you've definitely heard of — some devices use Wi-Fi or Bluetooth, for instance — but many more are specialized for the world of IoT. ZigBee, for instance, is a wireless protocol for low-power, short-distance communication, while message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) is a publish/subscribe messaging protocol for devices connected by unreliable or delay-prone networks. (See Network World’s glossary of [IoT standards and protocols][11].)
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The increased speeds and bandwidth of the coming 5G standard for cellular networks will also benefit IoT, though that usage will [lag behind ordinary cell phones][12].
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### IoT, edge computing and the cloud
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[][13] Network World / IDG
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How edge computing enables IoT.
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For many IoT systems, there's a lot of data coming in fast and furious, which has given rise to a new technology category, [edge computing][14]_,_ consisting of appliances placed relatively close to IoT devices, fielding the flow of data from them. These machines process that data and send only relevant material back to a more centralized system for analysis. For instance, imagine a network of dozens of IoT security cameras. Instead of bombarding the building's security operations center (SoC) with simultaneous live-streams, edge-computing systems can analyze the incoming video and only alert the SoC when one of the cameras detects movement.
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And where does that data go once it’s been processed? Well, it might go to your centralized data center, but more often than not it will end up in the cloud.
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The elastic nature of cloud computing is great for IoT scenarios where data might come in intermittently or asynchronously. And many of the big cloud heavy hitters — including [Google][15], [Microsoft][16], and [Amazon][17] — have IoT offerings.
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### IoT platforms
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The cloud giants are trying to sell more than just a place to stash the data your sensors have collected. They're offering full IoT platforms*,* which bundle together much of the functionality to coordinate the elements that make up IoT systems. In essence, an IoT platform serves as middleware that connects the IoT devices and edge gateways with the applications you use to deal with the IoT data. That said, every platform vendor seems to have a slightly different definition of what an IoT platform is, the better to [distance themselves from the competition][18].
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### IoT and data
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As mentioned, there are zettabytes of data being collected by all those IoT devices, funneled through edge gateways, and sent to a platform for processing. In many scenarios, this data is the reason IoT has been deployed in the first place. By collecting information from sensors in the real world, organizations can make nimble decisions in real time.
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Oracle, for instance, [imagines a scenario][19] where people at a theme park are encouraged to download an app that offers information about the park. At the same time, the app sends GPS pings back to the park's management to help predict wait times in lines. With that information, the park can take action in the short term (by adding more staff to increase the capacity of some attractions, for instance) and the long term (by learning which rides are the most and least popular at the park).
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These decisions can be made without human intervention. For example, data gathered from pressure sensors in a chemical-factory pipeline could be analyzed by software in an edge device that spots the threat of a pipeline rupture, and that information can trigger a signal to shut valves to avert a spill.
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### IoT and big data analytics
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The theme park example is easy to get your head around, but is small potatoes compared to many real-world IoT data-harvesting operations. Many big data operations use information harvested from IoT devices, correlated with other data points, to get insight into human behavior. _Software Advice_ gives [a few examples][20], including a service from Birst that matches coffee brewing information collected from internet-connected coffeemakers with social media posts to see if customers are talking about coffee brands online.
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Another dramatic example came recently when X-Mode released a map based on tracking location data of people who partied at spring break in Ft. Lauderdale in March of 2020, even as the coronavirus pandemic was gaining speed in the United States, showing [where all those people ended up across the country][21]. The map was shocking not only because it showed the potential spread of the virus, but also because it illustrated just how closely IoT devices can track us. (For more on IoT and analytics, click [here][22].
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### IoT data and AI
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The volume of data IoT devices can gather is far larger than any human can deal with in a useful way, and certainly not in real time. We've already seen that edge computing devices are needed just to make sense of the raw data coming in from the IoT endpoints. There's also the need to detect and deal with data that might [be just plain wrong][23].
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Many IoT providers are offering machine learning and artificial intelligence capabilities to make sense of the collected data. IBM's Jeopardy!-winning Watson platform, for instance, can be [trained on IoT data sets][24] to produce useful results in the field of predicative maintenance — analyzing data from drones to distinguish between trivial damage to a bridge and cracks that need attention, for instance. Meanwhile, Arm is working on [low-power chips][25] that can provide AI capabilities on the IoT endpoints themselves. ** **
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### IoT and business
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Business uses for IoT include keeping track of customers, inventory, and the status of important components. [IoT for All][26] flags four industries that have been transformed by IoT:
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* **Oil and gas**: Isolated drilling sites can be better monitored with IoT sensors than by human intervention
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* A**griculture**: Granular data about crops growing in fields derived from IoT sensors can be used to increase yields
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* **HVAC**: Climate control systems across the country can be monitored by manufacturers
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* **Brick-and-mortar retail**: Customers can be microtargeted with offers on their phones as they linger in certain parts of a store
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More generally, enterprises are looking for IoT solutions that can help in [four areas][27]: energy use, asset tracking, security, and the customer experience.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3207535/what-is-iot-the-internet-of-things-explained.html
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作者：[Josh Fruhlinger][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Josh-Fruhlinger/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.networkworld.com/category/internet-of-things/
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[2]: https://priceonomics.com/the-iot-data-explosion-how-big-is-the-iot-data/
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[3]: https://www.machinedesign.com/automation-iiot/article/21836968/iot-started-with-a-vending-machine
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[4]: https://www.visioncritical.com/blog/kevin-ashton-internet-of-things
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[5]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/2319384/rfid-readers-route-tag-traffic.html
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[6]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3338106/can-iot-networking-drive-adoption-of-ipv6.html
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[7]: https://images.idgesg.net/images/article/2020/05/nw_how_iot_works_diagram-100840757-orig.jpg
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[8]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3176091/10-killer-raspberry-pi-projects-collection-1.html
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[9]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3075360/arduino-targets-the-internet-of-things-with-primo-board.html
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[10]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3258812/the-future-of-iot-device-management.html
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[11]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3235124/internet-of-things-definitions-a-handy-guide-to-essential-iot-terms.html
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[12]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3291778/what-s-so-special-about-5g-and-iot.html
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[13]: https://images.idgesg.net/images/article/2017/09/nw_how_edge_computing_works_diagram_1400x1717-100736111-orig.jpg
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[14]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3224893/what-is-edge-computing-and-how-it-s-changing-the-network.html
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[15]: https://cloud.google.com/solutions/iot
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[16]: https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/overview/iot/
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[17]: https://aws.amazon.com/iot/
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[18]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3336166/why-are-iot-platforms-so-darn-confusing.html
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[19]: https://blogs.oracle.com/bigdata/how-big-data-powers-the-internet-of-things
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[20]: https://www.softwareadvice.com/resources/iot-data-analytics-use-cases/
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[21]: https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/04/tech/location-tracking-florida-coronavirus/index.html
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[22]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3311919/iot-analytics-guide-what-to-expect-from-internet-of-things-data.html
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[23]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3396230/when-iot-systems-fail-the-risk-of-having-bad-iot-data.html
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[24]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3449243/watson-iot-chief-ai-can-broaden-iot-services.html
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[25]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3532094/ai-everywhere-iot-chips-coming-from-arm.html
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[26]: https://www.iotforall.com/4-unlikely-industries-iot-changing/
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[27]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3396128/the-state-of-enterprise-iot-companies-want-solutions-for-these-4-areas.html
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@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (Yufei-Yan)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (What is IoT? The internet of things explained)
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[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3207535/what-is-iot-the-internet-of-things-explained.html)
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[#]: author: (Josh Fruhlinger https://www.networkworld.com/author/Josh-Fruhlinger/)
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什么是 IoT？物联网简介
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======
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物联网（IoT）是一个将智能设备连接起来的网络，并提供了丰富的数据，但是它也有可能是一场安全领域的噩梦。
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对于越来越多不用于传统计算，但却相互连接用来收发数据的电子设备来说，物联网（IoT）这个词可以说是最夺人眼球的。
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现在有数不胜数的东西可以归为这一类：传统家用电器里面，可以联网的那一部分＂智能设备＂，比如说电冰箱和灯泡；那些只能运行于有互联网环境的小设备，比如像 Alexa 之类的电子助手；与互联网连接的传感器，他们正在改变着工厂、医疗、运输、物流中心和农场。
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### 什么是物联网？
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物联网（IoT）将互联网、数据处理和分析的能力带给了现实世界中的各种物品。对于消费者来说，这就意味着不需要键盘和显示器这些东西，就能和全世界的信息进行互动；日常用品当中，很多都可以通过网络得到操作指令，从而最大程度的减少了人工的操作。
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**[更多关于物联网（IoT）在网络世界中的内容][1]**
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在企业环境当中，互联网（Internet）长期以来为制造和分销提供了便利，物联网（IoT）也能带来同样的效率。互联网嵌入式传感器，即使没有几十亿，全世界数百万的此类传感器正在提供着丰富的数据，企业可以利用这些数据来保证他们运营的安全，跟踪资产和减少人工处理的次数。研究人员也可以使用物联网（IoT）来获取人们的喜好和行为数据，尽管这些行为可能会严重的涉及隐私和安全问题。
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### 它有多大？
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一句话：非常庞大。[Priceonomics 把它分开来看][2]：在2020年的时候，有超过50亿的物联网（IoT）设备，这些设备可以生成 4.4 泽字节（zettabyte，译者注：1 zettabyte = 10<sup>9</sup> terabyte = 10<sup>12</sup> gigabyte）的数据。相比较，物联网（IoT）设备在 2013 仅仅产生了 1000 亿千兆字节（gigabyte）的数据。在物联网（IoT）市场上可能挣到的钱也同样让人瞠目；到 2025 年，这块市场的价值可以达到 1.6 万亿美元到 14.4 万亿美元。
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### 物联网（IoT）的历史
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一个所有设备和传感器无处不链接的世界，是科幻小说中最经典的景象之一。物联网（IoT）的知识早在 1970 的时候就已经实现了，世界上第一个物联网设备，[卡耐基•梅隆大学的自动贩卖机][3]，它还用来和 APRANET 相连，而且很多其他的技术也已经被发明出来并给大家展示了一个充满未来感和智慧的物联网。但是直到 1999 年，物联网这个词才由英国的技术人员，[Kevin Ashton][4] 提出来。
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一开始，技术是滞后于当时对未来的憧憬的。每个与互联网相连的设备都需要一个处理器和一种能和其他东西通信的方式，无线的最好，这些因素都增加了物联网（IoT）大规模实际应用的成本和性能要求，这种情况至少一直持续到 21 世纪头十年中期，直到摩尔定律赶上来。
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一个重要的里程碑是当 [RFID 的大规模使用][5]，这种价格低廉的转发器可以被贴在任何物品上，然后这些物品就可以连接到更大的互联网上了。对于设计者来说，无处不在的 Wi-Fi 和 4G 让任何地方的无线连接都变得非常简单。而且，IPv6 的出现在也不用让人们担心把数十亿小设备连接到互联网上会将 IP 地址耗尽。（相关故事：[物联网（IoT）网络可以促进IPv6的使用吗？][6]）
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### 物联网（IoT）是如何工作的？
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物联网（IoT）的基本元素是收集的数据的设备。广义地说，他们是和互联网相连的设备，所以每一个设备都有 IP 地址。这些设备涵盖了从从工厂运输货物的自动驾驶车辆到简单的温度监控的传感器。这其中也包括每天统计步数的个人手环。为了让这些数据变得有意义，就需要收集、处理、过滤和分析这些数据，又会有很多种办法来实现这些过程。
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搜集数据是通过把数据从设备上发送到搜集端。可以通过各种无线或者有线网络进行数据的转移。数据可以通过无联网发送到有存储空间或者计算能力的数据中心或者云端，或者这些数据可以分段的进行传输，中间设备在发送之前会将这些数据聚集在一起。
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处理数据可以在数据中心或者云端进行，但是有时候这不太可行。对于一些非常重要的设备，比如说工业领域的关停设备，从设备上将数据发送到远程数据中心的延迟，代价实在是太高了。发送、处理、分析数据和返回指令（在管道爆炸之前关闭阀门）这些操作，来回一趟的时间可能要花费非常多的时间。在这种情况下，边缘计算（edge-computing）就可以大显身手了。边缘计算是一个智能的边缘设备可以聚集数据并且进行分析，在需要的时候进行回应，所有的这一系列操作都是距离所需要控制的设备很近的，所以也就降低了延迟。边缘设备可以有上游连接，这样数据就可以进一步被处理和储存。
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[][7] 网络世界 / IDG
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物联网（IoT）是如何工作的。
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### **物联网（IoT）设备的一些例子**
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|
||||
本质上，任何可以搜集来自于真实世界数据，并且可以发送回去的设备都可以参与到物联网（IoT）生态系统中。典型的例子包括智能家居设备，射频识别标签（RFID）和工业传感器。这些传感器可以监控一系列的要素，包括工业系统中的温度和压力，机器中关键设备的状态，患者身上与生命体征相关的信号，也可以利用水和电已经其他许多可能的东西。
|
||||
|
||||
一台工厂的机器人可以被认为是物联网（IoT）设备，因为他们可以看作是自动化的载具将货物在仓库之间转移
|
||||
|
||||
其他的例子包括可穿戴设备和家庭安防系统。还有一些其他更基础的设备，比如说[树莓派（Raspberry Pi）][8]和[Arduino][9]，这些设备可以让你构建你自己的物联网（IoT）终端节点。
|
||||
|
||||
#### **设备管理**
|
||||
|
||||
为了能让这些设备一起工作，所有这些设备都需要进行验证、合理分配、调试和监控，并且在需要的时候进行更新。要么这些操作会经常的出现在由一个设备供应商制造的系统中；要么这些操作根本就不会发生，这样也是最有风险的。但是整个工业界正在向[标准化的设备管理模型][10]过渡，这样也就允许物联网（IoT）设备之间进行互相操作，也可以保证设备不会被孤立。
|
||||
|
||||
#### **物联网（IoT）通信标准和协议**
|
||||
|
||||
当物联网（IoT）小设备和其他设备通信的时候，他们可以使用各种通信标准和协议，这其中许多都是为这些处理能力有限和缺少电源供应的设备专门定制的。你一定听说过其中的一些，尽管说有一些设备使用的是Wi-Fi或者蓝牙，但是更多的设备是使用了专门为物联网（IoT）世界定制的标准。比如，ZigBee，就是一个低功耗、远距离传输的无线通信协议，而 MQTT（Message Queuing Telemetry Transport）是为链接在不可靠或者有延迟网络上的设备定制的一个发布/订阅（publish/subscribe）模式的信息传递协议。（参考网络世界的词汇表：[物联网（IoT）标准和协议](11)。）
|
||||
|
||||
物联网（IoT）也会受益于5G为蜂窝网络带来的高速度和高带宽，尽管这种使用场景会[滞后于普通的手机][12]。
|
||||
|
||||
### 物联网（IoT）, 边缘计算（edge computing）和云（cloud）
|
||||
|
||||
[][23] 网络世界 / IDG
|
||||
|
||||
边缘计算如何使物联网（IoT）成为可能。
|
||||
|
||||
对于许多物联网（IoT）系统来说，大量的数据会以极快的速度涌来，这种情况催生了一个新的科技领域，[边缘计算（edge computing）][14]，它由放置在物联网（IoT）设备附近的设备组成，处理来自那些设备的数据。这些机器会处理这些数据，并且只将相关的材料发送到一个更集中的系统系统进行分析。比如，假设在一个有几十个物联网（IoT）安防摄像头的网络中，边缘计算会直接分析传入的视频，而且只有当其中一个摄像头检测到有物体移动的时候才向SoC发出警报，而不会是一下子将所有的在线数据流全部发送到大楼的安全操作中心（SoC）。
|
||||
|
||||
一旦这些数据已经被处理过了，他们有去哪里了呢？好吧，它也许会被送到你的数据中心，但是更多情况下，它最终会进入云。
|
||||
|
||||
对于物联网（IoT）这种间歇或者不同步的数据来往场景来说，具有弹性的云计算是再适合不过的了。许多云计算巨头，包括[谷歌][15]，[微软][16]，和[亚马逊][17]，都会提供物联网（IoT）产品。
|
||||
|
||||
### 物联网（IoT）平台
|
||||
|
||||
云计算巨头们正在尝试出售的，不仅仅是存放传感器搜集的数据。他们要提供一个可以协调物联网（IoT）系统中各种元素的网正完整平提案，平台会将很多功能捆绑在一起。本质上，物联网（IoT）平台作为中间件，将物联网（IoT）设备和边缘网关用处理物联网（IoT）数据的应用程序连接起来。也就是说，每一个平台的厂商看上去都会对物联网（IoT）平台应该是什么这个问题有一些稍微不同的解释，这样就能更好的[与其他竞争者拉开差距][18]。
|
||||
|
||||
### 物联网（IoT）和数据
|
||||
|
||||
正如前面所提到的，所有那些物联网（IoT）设备收集了有泽字节（zettabytes）这个数量级的数据，这些数据通过边缘网关被发送到平台上进行处理。在很多情况下，这些数据就是首先要部署物联网（IoT）的原因。通过从现实世界中的传感器搜集来的数据，各种组织就可以实时的作出灵活的决定。
|
||||
|
||||
例如，Oracle 公司[假设了一个场景][19]，当人们在主题公园的时候，会被鼓励下载一个可以提供公园信息的应用。同时，这个程序会将 GPS 信号发回到公园的管理部门来帮助他们预测排队时间。有了这些信息，公园就可以在短期内（比如通过增加员工数量来提高一些景点的容量）和长期内（通过了解哪些设施最受欢迎，那些最不受欢迎）采取行动。
|
||||
|
||||
这些决定完全可以在没有人工干预的情况作出。比如，从化工厂管道中的压力传感器收集的数据可以通过边缘设备的软件进行分析，从而发现管道破裂的威胁，这样的信息可以触发关闭阀门从而避免泄漏的信号。
|
||||
|
||||
### 物联网（IoT）和大数据分析
|
||||
|
||||
主题公园的例子可以让你很容易理解，但是和许多现实世界中物联网（IoT）收集数据的操作相比，就显得小菜一碟了。许多打数据操作都会使用到来自物联网（IoT）设备收集的信息，然后与其他数据关联，这样就可以分析预测到人类的行为。_Software Advice_ 给出了[一些例子][20]，其中包括由Birst提供的一项服务，该服务将从联网的咖啡机中收集的咖啡冲泡的信息与社交媒体上发布的帖子进行匹配，看看顾客是否在网上谈论咖啡品牌。
|
||||
|
||||
另一个最近才发生的戏剧性的例子，X-Mode 发布了一张基于位置追踪数据的地图，地图上显示了在 2020 年 3 月春假的时候，正当新冠病毒在美国加速传播的时候，人们在劳德代尔堡（Ft. Lauderdale）聚会完[最终都去了哪里][21]。这张地图令人震撼，不仅仅是因为它显示出病毒可能的扩散方向，更是因为它说明了物联网（IoT）设备是可以多么密切地追踪我们。（更多关于物联网（IoT）和分析的信息，请点击[此处][22]）
|
||||
|
||||
### 物联网（IoT）数据和AI
|
||||
|
||||
物联网（IoT）设备能够收集的数据量远远大于任何人类能够以有效的方式处理的数据量，而且这肯定不是实时的。我们已经看到，来自于物联网（IoT）终端的原始数据需要边缘计算设备去进行解释。还需要检测和处理可能[完全错误的数据][23]。
|
||||
|
||||
许多物联网（IoT）供应商也同时提供机器学习和人工只能的功能，可以用来理解收集来的数据。比如，在 Watson 平台上获胜的 IBM Jeopard! ，就可以在[物联网（IoT）数据集进行训练][24]，这样就可以在预测行维护领域产生有用的结果 - 比如说，分析来自无人机的数据，可以区分桥梁上轻微的损坏和需要重视的裂缝。同时，ARM 也在研发[低功耗芯片][25]，它可以在物联网（IoT）终端上提供AI的能力。
|
||||
|
||||
### 物联网（IoT）和贸易
|
||||
|
||||
贸易领域， 物联网（IoT）可以用于包括跟踪客户，库存和重要部件的状态。[IoT for All][26] 列举了四个已经被物联网（IoT）改变的行业：
|
||||
|
||||
* **石油和天然气**：与人工干预相比，无联网传感器可以更好的检测孤立的钻井场地。
|
||||
* **农业**：通过物联网（IoT）传感器获得的田间作物的数据，可以用来提高产量。
|
||||
* **采暖通风**：制造商可以监控全国各地的气候控制系统。
|
||||
* **实体零售**：当顾客在商店的某一部分停留的时候，可以给他们的手机上发送优惠信息从而进行精准定位。
|
||||
|
||||
更普遍的情况是，企业正在寻找能够在[四个领域][27]上获得帮助的物联网（IoT）解决方案：能源使用，资产跟踪，安全领域和客户体验。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3207535/what-is-iot-the-internet-of-things-explained.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Josh Fruhlinger][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[Yufei-Yan](https://github.com/Yufei-Yan)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Josh-Fruhlinger/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.networkworld.com/category/internet-of-things/
|
||||
[2]: https://priceonomics.com/the-iot-data-explosion-how-big-is-the-iot-data/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.machinedesign.com/automation-iiot/article/21836968/iot-started-with-a-vending-machine
|
||||
[4]: https://www.visioncritical.com/blog/kevin-ashton-internet-of-things
|
||||
[5]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/2319384/rfid-readers-route-tag-traffic.html
|
||||
[6]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3338106/can-iot-networking-drive-adoption-of-ipv6.html
|
||||
[7]: https://images.idgesg.net/images/article/2020/05/nw_how_iot_works_diagram-100840757-orig.jpg
|
||||
[8]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3176091/10-killer-raspberry-pi-projects-collection-1.html
|
||||
[9]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3075360/arduino-targets-the-internet-of-things-with-primo-board.html
|
||||
[10]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3258812/the-future-of-iot-device-management.html
|
||||
[11]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3235124/internet-of-things-definitions-a-handy-guide-to-essential-iot-terms.html
|
||||
[12]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3291778/what-s-so-special-about-5g-and-iot.html
|
||||
[13]: https://images.idgesg.net/images/article/2017/09/nw_how_edge_computing_works_diagram_1400x1717-100736111-orig.jpg
|
||||
[14]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3224893/what-is-edge-computing-and-how-it-s-changing-the-network.html
|
||||
[15]: https://cloud.google.com/solutions/iot
|
||||
[16]: https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/overview/iot/
|
||||
[17]: https://aws.amazon.com/iot/
|
||||
[18]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3336166/why-are-iot-platforms-so-darn-confusing.html
|
||||
[19]: https://blogs.oracle.com/bigdata/how-big-data-powers-the-internet-of-things
|
||||
[20]: https://www.softwareadvice.com/resources/iot-data-analytics-use-cases/
|
||||
[21]: https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/04/tech/location-tracking-florida-coronavirus/index.html
|
||||
[22]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3311919/iot-analytics-guide-what-to-expect-from-internet-of-things-data.html
|
||||
[23]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3396230/when-iot-systems-fail-the-risk-of-having-bad-iot-data.html
|
||||
[24]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3449243/watson-iot-chief-ai-can-broaden-iot-services.html
|
||||
[25]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3532094/ai-everywhere-iot-chips-coming-from-arm.html
|
||||
[26]: https://www.iotforall.com/4-unlikely-industries-iot-changing/
|
||||
[27]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3396128/the-state-of-enterprise-iot-companies-want-solutions-for-these-4-areas.html
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user