mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2025-01-25 23:11:02 +08:00
translated
This commit is contained in:
zhengsihua
parent
ca0e7cb31b
commit
690324d4a9
@ -1,210 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Translating-----geekpi
|
||||
|
||||
Creating your First App on Linux with Python and Flask
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Whether playing on Linux or working on Linux there is high chance you have come across a program written in python. Back in college I wish they thought us Python instead of Java like they do today, it’s fun to learn and useful in building practical applications like the yum package manager.
|
||||
|
||||
In this tutorial I will take you through how I built a simple application which displays useful information like [memory usage per process][1], CPU percentage etc using python and a micro framework called flask.
|
||||
|
||||
### Prerequisites ###
|
||||
|
||||
Python Basics, Lists, Classes, Functions, Modules.
|
||||
HTML/CSS (basic)
|
||||
|
||||
You don’t need to be an advanced python programmer to follow this tutorial, But before you go further I recommend you read https://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide/NonProgrammers
|
||||
|
||||
### Installing Python 3 on Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
On most Linux distributions python is installed by default. This is how you can find out the python version on your system.
|
||||
|
||||
[root@linux-vps ~]# python -V
|
||||
Python 2.7.5
|
||||
|
||||
We will be using python version 3.x to build our app. As per [Python.org][2] all improvements are now only available in this version which is not backward compatible with python 2.
|
||||
|
||||
**Caution**: Before your proceed I strongly recommend you try this tutorial out on a Virtual machine, since python is a core component of many Linux Distributions any accidents may cause permanent damage to your system.
|
||||
|
||||
This step is for RedHat based variants like CentOS (6&7), Debian based variants like Ubuntu,Mint and Rasbian can skip this step as you should have python version 3 installed by default. If not use apt-get instead of yum to install the relevant packages below.
|
||||
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps] yum groupinstall 'Development Tools'
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps] yum install -y zlib-dev openssl-devel sqlite-devel bzip2-devel
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps] wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.4.2/Python-3.4.2.tgz
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps] tar -xvzf Python-3.4.2.tgz
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps] cd Python-3.4.2
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps] ./configure
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps] make
|
||||
# make altinstall is recommended as make install can overwrite the current python binary,
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps] make altinstall
|
||||
|
||||
After a successful, installation you should be able to access the python 3.4 shell with the command below.
|
||||
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps]# python3.4
|
||||
Python 3.4.2 (default, Dec 12 2014, 08:01:15)
|
||||
[GCC 4.8.2 20140120 (Red Hat 4.8.2-16)] on linux
|
||||
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
|
||||
>>> exit ()
|
||||
|
||||
### Installing packages in python with PIP ###
|
||||
|
||||
Python comes with it’s own package manager, similar to yum and apt-get. You will need to use it to download, install and uninstall packages.
|
||||
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps] pip3.4 install "packagename"
|
||||
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps] pip3.4 list
|
||||
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps] pip3.4 uninstall "packagename"
|
||||
|
||||
### Python Virtual Environment ###
|
||||
|
||||
In Python a virtual environment is a directory where your projects dependencies are installed. This is a good way to segregate projects with different dependencies. It also allows you to install packages without the need for sudo access.
|
||||
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps] mkdir python3.4-flask
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps] cd python3.4-flask
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps python3.4-flask] pyvenv-3.4 venv
|
||||
|
||||
To create the virtual environment you will need to use the “pyvenv-3.4” command. This will create a directory called “lib” inside the venv folder where the dependencies for this project will be installed. It will also create a bin folder which will contain pip and python executables for this virtual environment.
|
||||
|
||||
### Activating the Virtual Environment for our Linux system information project ###
|
||||
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps python3.4-flask] source venv/bin/activate
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps python3.4-flask] which pip3.4
|
||||
~/python3.4-flask/venv/bin/pip3.4
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps python3.4-flask] which python3.4
|
||||
~/python3.4-flask/venv/bin/python3.4
|
||||
|
||||
### Installing flask with PIP ###
|
||||
|
||||
Lets go ahead and install out first module the flask framework which will take care of the routing and template rendering of our app.
|
||||
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps python3.4-flask]pip3.4 install flask
|
||||
|
||||
### Creating your first app in flask. ###
|
||||
|
||||
Step 1:Create directories where your app will reside.
|
||||
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps python3.4-flask] mkdir app
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps python3.4-flask]mkdir app/static
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps python3.4-flask]mkdir app/templates
|
||||
|
||||
Inside the python3.4-flask folder create a folder called app which will contain two sub-folders “static” and “templates”. Our python script will reside inside the app folder, files like css/js inside the static folder and templates folder will contain our html templates.
|
||||
|
||||
Step 2:Create an initialization file inside the app folder.
|
||||
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps python3.4-flask] vim app/_init_.py
|
||||
from flask import Flask
|
||||
|
||||
app = Flask(__name__)
|
||||
from app import index
|
||||
|
||||
This file will create a new instance of Flask and load our python program stored in a file called index.py which we will create next.
|
||||
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps python3.4-flask]vim app/index.py
|
||||
from app import app
|
||||
|
||||
@app.route('/')
|
||||
def index():
|
||||
import subprocess
|
||||
cmd = subprocess.Popen(['ps_mem'],stdout=subprocess.PIPE,stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
|
||||
out,error = cmd.communicate()
|
||||
memory = out.splitlines()
|
||||
|
||||
return
|
||||
|
||||
Routing in flask is handled by the route decorator. It is used to bind a URL to a function.
|
||||
|
||||
@app.route('/')
|
||||
@app.route('/index')
|
||||
|
||||
In order to run a shell command in python you can use the Popen class from Subprocess module.
|
||||
|
||||
subprocess.Popen(['ps_mem'],stdout=subprocess.PIPE,stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
|
||||
|
||||
This class will take a list as an argument, the first item of the list will default to being executable while the next item will be considered the option. Here is another example
|
||||
|
||||
subprocess.Popen(['ls', ‘-l’],stdout=subprocess.PIPE,stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
|
||||
|
||||
stdout and stderr will store the output and error of this command respectively. You can then access this output via the communicate method of the Popen class.
|
||||
|
||||
out,error = cmd.communicate()
|
||||
|
||||
To display the output in a better way via the html template, I have used the splitlines () method,
|
||||
|
||||
memory = out.splitlines()
|
||||
|
||||
More information on python subprocess module is available in the docs at the end of this tutorial.
|
||||
|
||||
Step 3: Create an html template where we can display the output of our command.
|
||||
|
||||
In order to do this we need to use the Jinja2 template engine in flask which will do the template rendering for us.
|
||||
|
||||
Your final index.py file should look as follows
|
||||
|
||||
from flask import render_template
|
||||
from app import app
|
||||
|
||||
def index():
|
||||
import subprocess
|
||||
cmd = subprocess.Popen(['ps_mem'],stdout=subprocess.PIPE,stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
|
||||
out,error = cmd.communicate()
|
||||
memory = out.splitlines()
|
||||
|
||||
return render_template('index.html', memory=memory)
|
||||
|
||||
Now create an index.html template inside the templates folder, flask will search for templates in this folder.
|
||||
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps python3.4-flask]vim app/templates/index.html
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Memory usage per process
|
||||
|
||||
{% for line in memory %}
|
||||
{{ line.decode('utf-8') }}
|
||||
|
||||
{% endfor %}
|
||||
|
||||
The Jinja2 template engine allows you to use the “{{ … }}” delimiter to print results and {% … %} for loops and value assignment. I used the “decode()” method for formatting purposes.
|
||||
|
||||
Step 4: Running the app.
|
||||
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps python3.4-flask]vim run.py
|
||||
from app import app
|
||||
app.debug = True
|
||||
app.run(host='174.140.165.231', port=80)
|
||||
|
||||
The above code will run the app in debug mode. If you leave out the IP address and port it will default to localhost:5000.
|
||||
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps python3.4-flask] chmod +x run.py
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps python3.4-flask] python3.4 run.py
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
I have added more code to the app so that it gives you cpu, I/O and load avg as well.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can access the code to this app [here][3].
|
||||
|
||||
This is a brief introduction to flask and I recommend you reading the tutorials and docs below for indepth information.
|
||||
|
||||
http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/0.10/quickstart/#
|
||||
|
||||
https://docs.python.org/3.4/library/subprocess.html#popen-constructor
|
||||
|
||||
http://blog.miguelgrinberg.com/post/the-flask-mega-tutorial-part-i-hello-world
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://techarena51.com/index.php/how-to-install-python-3-and-flask-on-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Leo G][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://techarena51.com/
|
||||
[1]:http://techarena51.com/index.php/linux-memory-usage/
|
||||
[2]:https://wiki.python.org/moin/Python2orPython3
|
||||
[3]:https://github.com/Leo-g/python-flask-cmd
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
|
||||
在Linux上使用Python和Flask创建你的第一个应用
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
无论你在linux上娱乐还是工作，这对你而言都是一个很好的机会使用python来编程。回到大学我希望他们教我的是Python而不是Java，这学起来很有趣且在实际的应用如yum包管理器中很有用。
|
||||
|
||||
本篇教程中我会带你使用python和一个称为flask的微型框架来构建一个简单的应用来显示诸如[每个进程的内存使用][1]，CPU百分比之类有用的信息。
|
||||
|
||||
### 前提 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Python基础、列表、类、函数、模块。
|
||||
HTML/CSS (基础)
|
||||
|
||||
学习这篇教程你不必是一个python高级开发者，但是首先我建议你阅读https://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide/NonProgrammers。
|
||||
|
||||
### I在Linux上安装Python 3 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在大多数Linux发行版上Python是默认安装的。下面的你命令可以让你看到安装的版本。
|
||||
|
||||
[root@linux-vps ~]# python -V
|
||||
Python 2.7.5
|
||||
|
||||
我们会使用3.x的版本来构建我们的app。根据[Python.org][2]所说，这版本上面所有的改进都不向后兼容Python 2。
|
||||
|
||||
**注意**: 在开始之前，我强烈建议你在虚拟机中尝试这个教程，因为Python许多Linux发行版的核心组建，任何意外都可能会损坏你的系统。
|
||||
|
||||
这步是基于红帽的版本如CentOS（6和7），基于Debian的版本如UbuntuMint和Resbian可以跳过这步，Pythonn 3应该默认已经安装了。如果没有安装，请用apt-get而不是yum来安装下面相应的包。
|
||||
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps] yum groupinstall 'Development Tools'
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps] yum install -y zlib-dev openssl-devel sqlite-devel bzip2-devel
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps] wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.4.2/Python-3.4.2.tgz
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps] tar -xvzf Python-3.4.2.tgz
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps] cd Python-3.4.2
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps] ./configure
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps] make
|
||||
# make altinstall is recommended as make install can overwrite the current python binary,
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps] make altinstall
|
||||
|
||||
成功安装后，你应该可以用下面的命令进入Python3.4的shell了。
|
||||
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps]# python3.4
|
||||
Python 3.4.2 (default, Dec 12 2014, 08:01:15)
|
||||
[GCC 4.8.2 20140120 (Red Hat 4.8.2-16)] on linux
|
||||
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
|
||||
>>> exit ()
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用pip来安装包 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Python有它自己的包管理去，与yum和apt-get相似。你将需要它来下载、安装和卸载包。
|
||||
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps] pip3.4 install "packagename"
|
||||
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps] pip3.4 list
|
||||
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps] pip3.4 uninstall "packagename"
|
||||
|
||||
### Python虚拟环境 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在Python中虚拟环境是一个你项目依赖的目录。隔离项目的一个好主意是使用不同的依赖。这可以让你不用sudo命令就能安装包。
|
||||
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps] mkdir python3.4-flask
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps] cd python3.4-flask
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps python3.4-flask] pyvenv-3.4 venv
|
||||
|
||||
要创建虚拟环境你需要使用“pyvenv-3.4”命令。这会在venv文件夹的内部创建一个名为lib的目录，这里会安装项目所依赖的包。这里同样会创建一个bin文件夹容纳该环境下的pip和python可执行文件。
|
||||
|
||||
### 为我们的Linux系统信息项目激活虚拟环境 ###
|
||||
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps python3.4-flask] source venv/bin/activate
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps python3.4-flask] which pip3.4
|
||||
~/python3.4-flask/venv/bin/pip3.4
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps python3.4-flask] which python3.4
|
||||
~/python3.4-flask/venv/bin/python3.4
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用pip安装flask ###
|
||||
|
||||
让我们继续安装第一个模块flask框架，它可以处理路由和渲染我们app的模板。
|
||||
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps python3.4-flask]pip3.4 install flask
|
||||
|
||||
### 在flask中创建第一个应用 ###
|
||||
|
||||
第一步：创建你app的目录
|
||||
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps python3.4-flask] mkdir app
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps python3.4-flask]mkdir app/static
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps python3.4-flask]mkdir app/templates
|
||||
|
||||
在python3.4-flask文件家中创建一个一个名为app的文件夹，它包含了两个子文件夹“static”和“templates”。我们的Python脚本会在app文件夹，像css/js这类文件会在static文件夹，template文件夹会包含我们的html模板。
|
||||
|
||||
第二步：在app文件夹内部创建一个初始化文件。
|
||||
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps python3.4-flask] vim app/_init_.py
|
||||
from flask import Flask
|
||||
|
||||
app = Flask(__name__)
|
||||
from app import index
|
||||
|
||||
这个文件创建一个Flask的新的实例并加载我们存储在index.py文件中的python程序，这个文件我们之后会创建。
|
||||
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps python3.4-flask]vim app/index.py
|
||||
from app import app
|
||||
|
||||
@app.route('/')
|
||||
def index():
|
||||
import subprocess
|
||||
cmd = subprocess.Popen(['ps_mem'],stdout=subprocess.PIPE,stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
|
||||
out,error = cmd.communicate()
|
||||
memory = out.splitlines()
|
||||
|
||||
return
|
||||
|
||||
flask中的路由由路由装饰器处理。这用于给函数绑定URL。
|
||||
|
||||
@app.route('/')
|
||||
@app.route('/index')
|
||||
|
||||
要在python中运行shell命令，你可以使用Subprocess模块中的Popen类。
|
||||
|
||||
subprocess.Popen(['ps_mem'],stdout=subprocess.PIPE,stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
|
||||
|
||||
这个类会使用一个列表作为参数，列表的第一项默认是可执行的程序，下一项会是参数，这里是个另外一个例子。
|
||||
|
||||
subprocess.Popen(['ls', ‘-l’],stdout=subprocess.PIPE,stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
|
||||
|
||||
stdout和stderr会相应地存储命令的输出和错误。你可以使用Popen的communicate方法来访问输出了。
|
||||
|
||||
out,error = cmd.communicate()
|
||||
|
||||
要更好地用html模板显示输出，我会使用splitlines()方法，
|
||||
|
||||
memory = out.splitlines()
|
||||
|
||||
关于subprocess模块更多的信息会在教程的最后给出。
|
||||
|
||||
第三步：创建一个html模板来显示我们命令的输出。
|
||||
|
||||
要做到这个我们使用flask中的Jinja2模板引擎来为我们渲染。
|
||||
|
||||
最后你的index.py文件应该看起来像这样：
|
||||
|
||||
from flask import render_template
|
||||
from app import app
|
||||
|
||||
def index():
|
||||
import subprocess
|
||||
cmd = subprocess.Popen(['ps_mem'],stdout=subprocess.PIPE,stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
|
||||
out,error = cmd.communicate()
|
||||
memory = out.splitlines()
|
||||
|
||||
return render_template('index.html', memory=memory)
|
||||
|
||||
现在在你的模板目录下创建一个index.html模板，flask会自动搜索这个目录下的模板。
|
||||
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps python3.4-flask]vim app/templates/index.html
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Memory usage per process
|
||||
|
||||
{% for line in memory %}
|
||||
{{ line.decode('utf-8') }}
|
||||
|
||||
{% endfor %}
|
||||
|
||||
Jinja2模板引擎允许你使用“{{ … }}”分隔符来打印结果，{% … %}来做循环和赋值。我使用“decode()”方法来格式化。
|
||||
|
||||
第四步：运行app
|
||||
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps python3.4-flask]vim run.py
|
||||
from app import app
|
||||
app.debug = True
|
||||
app.run(host='174.140.165.231', port=80)
|
||||
|
||||
上面的代码会在debug模式下运行app。如果你不写IP地址和端口，默认则是localhost:5000。
|
||||
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps python3.4-flask] chmod +x run.py
|
||||
[leo@linux-vps python3.4-flask] python3.4 run.py
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
我已经加了更多的带来来显示CPU、I/O和平均负载。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你可以在[这里][3]浏览代码。
|
||||
|
||||
这是一个对flask的简短教程，我建议你阅读下面的教程和文档来更深入地了解。
|
||||
|
||||
http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/0.10/quickstart/#
|
||||
|
||||
https://docs.python.org/3.4/library/subprocess.html#popen-constructor
|
||||
|
||||
http://blog.miguelgrinberg.com/post/the-flask-mega-tutorial-part-i-hello-world
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://techarena51.com/index.php/how-to-install-python-3-and-flask-on-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Leo G][a]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/gekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://techarena51.com/
|
||||
[1]:http://techarena51.com/index.php/linux-memory-usage/
|
||||
[2]:https://wiki.python.org/moin/Python2orPython3
|
||||
[3]:https://github.com/Leo-g/python-flask-cmd
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user