mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2024-12-29 21:41:00 +08:00
Merge remote-tracking branch 'LCTT/master'
This commit is contained in:
wxy
commit
68da858ae1
@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
|
||||
6 Best Open Source Alternatives to Microsoft Office for Linux
|
||||
======
|
||||
**Brief: Looking for Microsoft Office in Linux? Here are the best free and open source alternatives to Microsoft Office for Linux.**
|
||||
|
||||
Office Suites are a mandatory part of any operating system. It is difficult to imagine using a desktop OS without office software. While Windows has MS Office Suite and Mac OS X has its own iWork apart from lots of other Office Suites especially meant for these OS, Linux too has some arrows in its quiver.
|
||||
|
||||
In this article, I list the best Microsoft Office alternatives for Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
## Best open source alternatives to Microsoft Office for Linux
|
||||
|
||||
![Best Microsoft office alternatives for Linux][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Before we see the MS Office alternatives, let's first see what you look for in a decent office suite:
|
||||
|
||||
* Word processor
|
||||
* Spreadsheet
|
||||
* Presentation
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
I know that Microsoft Office offers a lot more than these three tools but in reality, you would be using these three tools most of the time. It's not that open source office suites are restricted to have only these three products. Some of them offer additional tools as well but our focus would be on the above-mentioned tools.
|
||||
|
||||
Let's see what office suits for Linux have we got here:
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. Apache OpenOffice
|
||||
|
||||
![OpenOffice Logo][2]
|
||||
|
||||
[Apache OpenOffice][3] or simply OpenOffice has a history of name/owner change. It was born as Star Office in 1999 by Sun Microsystems which later renamed it as OpenOffice to pit it against MS Office as a free and open source alternative. When Oracle bought Sun in 2010, it discontinued the development of OpenOffice after a year. And finally it was Apache who supported it and it is now known as Apache OpenOffice.
|
||||
|
||||
Apache OpenOffice is available for a number of platforms that includes Linux, Windows, Mac OS X, Unix, BSD. It also includes support for MS Office files apart from its own OpenDocument format. The office suite contains the following applications: Writer, Calc, Impress, Base, Draw, Math.
|
||||
|
||||
[Installing OpenOffice][4] is a pain as it doesn't provide a decent installer. Also, there are rumors that [OpenOffice development might have been stalled][5]. These two are the main reasons why I wouldn't recommend it. I listed it here more for historical purposes.
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. Feng Office
|
||||
|
||||
![Feng Office logo][6]
|
||||
|
||||
[Feng Office][7] was previously known as OpenGoo. It is not your regular office suite. It is entirely focused on being an online office suite like Google Docs. In other words, it's an open source [collaboration platform][8].
|
||||
|
||||
There is no desktop version available so if you are looking to using it on a single Linux desktop, you are out of luck here. On the other hand, if you have a small business, an institution or some other organization, you may try to deploy it on the local server.
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. Siag Office
|
||||
|
||||
![SIAG Office logo][9]
|
||||
|
||||
[Siag][10] is an extremely lightweight office suite for Unix-Like systems that can be run on a 16 MB system. Since it is very light-weight, it lacks many of the features that are found in a standard office suite. But small is beautiful, ain't it? It has all the necessary function of an office suite that could "just work" on [lightweight Linux distributions][11]. It comes by default in [Damn Small Linux][12].
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Calligra Suite
|
||||
|
||||
![Calligra free and Open Source office logo][13]
|
||||
|
||||
[Calligra][14], previously known as KOffice, is the default Office suite in KDE. It is available for Linux and FreeBSD system with support for Mac OS X and Windows. It was also [launched for Android][15]. but unfortunately, it's not available for Android anymore. It has all the application needed for an office suite along with some extra applications such as Flow for flow charts and Plane for project management.
|
||||
|
||||
Calligra has generated quite a noise after their recent developments and it may be seen as an [alternative to LibreOffice][16].
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. ONLYOFFICE
|
||||
|
||||
![ONLYOFFICE is Linux alternative to Microsoft Office][17]
|
||||
|
||||
Relatively a new player in the market, [ONLYOFFICE][18] is an office suite more focused on the [collaborative][8] part. Enterprises (and even individuals) can deploy it on their own server to have a Google Docs like collaborative office suite.
|
||||
|
||||
Don't worry. You don't have to bother about installing it on a server. There is a free and [open source desktop version of ONLYOFFICE][19]. You can even get .deb and .rpm binaries to easily install it on your desktop Linux system.
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. LibreOffice
|
||||
|
||||
![LibreOffice logo][20]
|
||||
|
||||
When Oracle decided to discontinue the development of OpenOffice, it was [The Document Foundation][21] who forked it and gave us what is known as [Libre-Office][22]. Since then a number of Linux distributions have replaced OpenOffice for LibreOffice as their default office application.
|
||||
|
||||
It is available for Linux, Windows and Mac OS X which makes it easy to use in a cross-platform environment. Same as Apache OpenOffice, this too includes support for MS Office files apart from its own OpenDocument format. It also contains the same applications as Apache OpenOffice.
|
||||
|
||||
You can also use LibreOffice as a collaborative platform using [Collabora Online][23]. Basically, LibreOffice is a complete package and undoubtedly the best **Microsoft Office alternative for Linux** , Windows and macOS.
|
||||
|
||||
## What do you think?
|
||||
|
||||
I hope these Open Source alternatives to Microsoft Office saves your money. Which open source productivity suite do you use?
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/best-free-open-source-alternatives-microsoft-office/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[1]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/best-open-source-alternatives-ms-office-800x450.jpg
|
||||
[2]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/open-office-logo-wide.jpg
|
||||
[3]:http://www.openoffice.org/
|
||||
[4]:https://itsfoss.com/install-openoffice-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
[5]:https://itsfoss.com/openoffice-shutdown/
|
||||
[6]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/feng-office-logo-wide-800x240.jpg
|
||||
[7]:http://www.fengoffice.com/web/index.php?lang=en
|
||||
[8]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative_software
|
||||
[9]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/siag-office-logo-wide-800x240.jpg
|
||||
[10]:http://siag.nu/
|
||||
[11]:https://itsfoss.com/lightweight-linux-beginners/
|
||||
[12]:http://www.damnsmalllinux.org/
|
||||
[13]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/calligra-office-logo-wide-800x240.jpg
|
||||
[14]:http://www.calligra.org/
|
||||
[15]:https://itsfoss.com/calligra-android-app-coffice/
|
||||
[16]:http://maketecheasier.com/is-calligra-a-great-alternative-to-libreoffice/2012/06/18
|
||||
[17]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/only-office-logo-wide-800x240.png
|
||||
[18]:https://www.onlyoffice.com/
|
||||
[19]:https://itsfoss.com/review-onlyoffice-desktop-editors-linux/
|
||||
[20]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/LibreOffice-logo-wide-800x240.jpg
|
||||
[21]:http://www.documentfoundation.org/
|
||||
[22]:http://www.libreoffice.org/
|
||||
[23]:https://www.collaboraoffice.com/collabora-online/
|
||||
@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Translating by qhwdw
|
||||
Torrents - Everything You Need to Know
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Torrents** - Every time we hear this word, the only thing that comes to our minds is free movies, games and cracked software. But little do we know about how they work, the various concepts involved in torrenting etc. So here in this article let’s have a look at **torrenting** from a technical perspective.
|
||||
|
||||
### What are Torrents?
|
||||
|
||||
Torrents are links to a file’s location on the internet. They are not the files, they are just Dynamic pointers to the original file that you download.
|
||||
|
||||
For example: if you click on
|
||||
|
||||
[Google Chrome][1]
|
||||
|
||||
you can download the Google Chrome browser from Google's servers.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
If you click on that link tomorrow, or next week or next month, the file will still be downloaded from Google’s server.
|
||||
|
||||
But when we download torrents, there is no fixed server. Files are downloaded from other people’s computers who had previously downloaded that torrent.
|
||||
|
||||
### How Does this work?
|
||||
|
||||
[][2]
|
||||
|
||||
Let’s say ‘A’ has some video that he wants to create a torrent of. So he creates a torrent and sends that link to ‘B’, this link contains information about where exactly is that video on the internet from its IP address. So when ‘B’ starts downloading that file, ‘B’ connects to ‘A’s’ computer. Now after ‘B’ has completed downloading it, ‘B’ will start seeding it i.e ‘B’ will allow another ‘C’ or ‘D’ to download it from ‘B’s’ computer.
|
||||
|
||||
So everyone first downloads the file and then uploads, the more uploaders the more, downloading speed you get. And if in any case, someone wishes to stop uploading he can do so. This won’t be a problem unless there are too many downloaders and few uploaders.
|
||||
|
||||
### Seeders and Leechers
|
||||
|
||||
[][3]
|
||||
|
||||
A user who has fully downloaded that particular file and is now uploading it so that new users can download is a seeder.
|
||||
|
||||
And someone who hasn’t completed downloading that file and is still downloading it is a leecher.
|
||||
|
||||
### Pieces
|
||||
|
||||
[][4]
|
||||
|
||||
All torrent files are separated into packets of fixed size so that they can be downloaded non-linearly and randomly. Each piece can uniquely be identified so that once all pieces are downloaded they can be put together to form the original file.
|
||||
|
||||
This is done so that if you are downloading a file from someone and if he stops uploading due to some reasons, you can continue your download from another seeder without having to re-download the file.
|
||||
|
||||
### Peers
|
||||
|
||||
Peers are basically leechers that are currently connected to you. A leecher who is uploading however many pieces that he has downloaded is a peer.
|
||||
|
||||
**For example:
|
||||
**
|
||||
|
||||
A user who has downloaded the first 50 pieces of a file is a leecher, but he is uploading those files simultaneously and you are a person who has only 10 first pieces, so you can download up to 50 pieces from him. Here he would be your peer.
|
||||
|
||||
### Best Practises
|
||||
|
||||
Whenever you are downloading a torrent, always try to choose the one that has maximum seeders. Consider this a rule of thumb.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
There are no exact minimum criteria but just make sure you choose the one with the maximum seeders.
|
||||
|
||||
### Torrent Laws
|
||||
|
||||
[][5]
|
||||
|
||||
Torrent laws are no different from other laws and torrenting of copyrighted material is a punishable offense. Most governments have blocked torrent sites and protocols but torrenting is not bad.
|
||||
|
||||
Torrents are extremely useful in quickly sharing a file and they are used to share most of the Open Source Community’s software as they can save a lot of server resources. However, many people use them for piracy.
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion
|
||||
|
||||
Torrenting is a great technology ideal to reduce the load on the servers.
|
||||
|
||||
Torrenting
|
||||
|
||||
can give us speed up to our network adapter’s limit, which is great. However, due to decentralized servers, Piracy is inevitable. It can only be our moral responsibility to restrict what we share and never download the pirated content.
|
||||
|
||||
Do share your thoughts about using torrents in the comments section below and share with us your favorite torrent websites to download legal material.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/home/torrents-everything-you-need-to-know
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[LINUXANDUBUNTU][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com
|
||||
[1]:https://www.google.com/chrome/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/torrent_orig.png
|
||||
[3]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/seeders_orig.png
|
||||
[4]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/peers_orig.png
|
||||
[5]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/torrent-laws_orig.png
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
|
||||
# Liunx 平台 6 个最好的替代 Microsoft Office 的开源办公软件
|
||||
|
||||
**概要:还在 Linux 中寻找 Microsoft Office ? 这里有一些最好的在 Linux 平台替代 Microsoft Office 的开源软件。**
|
||||
|
||||
办公套件是任何操作系统的必备品。很难想象没有Office 软件的桌面操作系统。虽然 Windows 有 MS Office 套件，Mac OS X 也有它自己的 iWork，但其他很多办公套件都是专门针对这些操作系统的，Linux 也有自己的办公套件。
|
||||
|
||||
在本文中，我会列举一些在 Linux 平台替代 Microsoft Office 的办公软件。
|
||||
|
||||
## Linux 最好的 MS Office 开源替代软件
|
||||
|
||||
![Best Microsoft office alternatives for Linux][1]
|
||||
|
||||
在我们看 MS Office 的替代软件之前，我们先来看看在一个像样的办公套件中有一些什么:
|
||||
|
||||
* 文字处理器
|
||||
* 电子表格
|
||||
* 演示功能
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
我知道 Microsoft Office 提供了比上述三种工具更多的工具，但事实上, 您主要使用这三个工具。 开源办公套件并不限于只有这三种产品。 其中有一些套件提供了一些额外的工具，但我们的重点将放在上述工具上。
|
||||
|
||||
让我们看看在 Linux 上有什么办公套件:
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. Apache OpenOffice
|
||||
|
||||
![OpenOffice Logo][2]
|
||||
|
||||
[Apache OpenOffice][3] 或简单的称为 OpenOffice 有一段名称/所有者变更的历史。 它于1999年由 Sun Microsystems 公司开发，后来改名为 OpenOffice ，将它作为一个与 MS Office 对抗的免费的开源替代软件。 当Oracle 在 2010 年收购 Sun 公司后，一年之后便停止开发 OpenOffice。 最后是 Apache 支持它，现在被称为Apache OpenOffice。
|
||||
|
||||
Apache OpenOffice 可用于多种平台，包括 Linux，Windows，Mac OS X，Unix，BSD。 除了 OpenDocument 格式外，它还支持 MS Office 文件。 办公套件包含以下应用程序：Writer，Calc，Impress，Base，Draw，Math。
|
||||
|
||||
安装 OpenOffice 是一件痛苦的事，因为它没有提供一个友好的安装程序。 另外，有传言说 OpenOffice 开发可能已经停滞。 这两个是我不推荐的主要原因。 为了历史目的，我在这里列出它。
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. Feng Office
|
||||
|
||||
![Feng Office logo][6]
|
||||
|
||||
[Feng Office][7] 以前被称为 OpenGoo。 这不是一个常规的办公套件。 它完全专注于在线办公，如 Google 文档。 换句话说，这是一个开源[协作平台][8]。
|
||||
|
||||
Feng Office 不支持桌面使用，因此如果您想在单个Linux 桌面上使用它，这个可能无法实现。 另一方面，如果你有一个小企业，一个机构或其他组织，你可以尝试将其部署在本地服务器上。
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. Siag Office
|
||||
|
||||
![SIAG Office logo][9]
|
||||
|
||||
[Siag][10] 是一个非常轻量级的办公套件，适用于类 Unix 系统，可以在 16 MB 系统上运行。 由于它非常轻便，因此缺少标准办公套件中的许多功能。 但小即是美丽的，不是吗？ 它具有办公套件的所有必要功能，可以在[轻量级 Linux 发行版][11]上“正常工作”。它是 [Damn Small Linux][12] 默认安装软件。(译者注: 根据官网，现已不是默认安装软件)
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Calligra Suite
|
||||
|
||||
![Calligra free and Open Source office logo][13]
|
||||
|
||||
[Calligra][14]，以前被称为 KOffice，是 KDE 中默认的 Office 套件。 它支持 Mac OS X，Windows，Linux，FreeBSD系统。 它也曾经推出 Android 版本。 但不幸的是，后续没有继续支持 Android。 它拥有办公套件所需的必要应用程序以及一些额外的应用程序，如用于绘制流程图的 Flow 和用于项目管理的 Plane。
|
||||
|
||||
Calligra 最近的发展产生了相当大的影响，很有可能成为 [LibreOffice 的替代品][16]。
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. ONLYOFFICE
|
||||
|
||||
![ONLYOFFICE is Linux alternative to Microsoft Office][17]
|
||||
|
||||
[ONLYOFFICE][18] 是办公套件市场上的新玩家，它更专注于协作部分。 企业（甚至个人）可以将其部署到自己的服务器上，以获得类似 Google Docs 之类的协作办公套件。
|
||||
|
||||
别担心。 您不必必须将其安装在服务器上。 有一个免费的开源[桌面版本][19] ONLYOFFICE。 您甚至可以获取 .deb 和 .rpm 二进制文件，以便将其安装在 Linux 桌面系统上。
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. LibreOffice
|
||||
|
||||
![LibreOffice logo][20]
|
||||
|
||||
当 Oracle 决定停止 OpenOffice 的开发时，是[文档基金会][21]将其复制分发，这就是我们所熟知的 [Libre-Office][22] 。从那时起，许多 Linux 发行版都将 OpenOffice 替换为 LibreOffice 作为它们的默认办公应用程序。
|
||||
|
||||
它适用于 Linux，Windows 和 Mac OS X，这使得在跨平台环境中易于使用。 和 Apache OpenOffice 一样，这也包括了除了 OpenDocument 格式以外的对 MS Office 文件的支持。 它还包含与 Apache OpenOffice 相同的应用程序。
|
||||
|
||||
您还可以使用 LibreOffice 作为 [Collabora Online][23] 的协作平台。 基本上，LibreOffice 是一个完整的软件包，无疑是 Linux，Windows 和 MacOS 的**最佳 Microsoft Office 替代品**。
|
||||
|
||||
## 你认为呢？
|
||||
|
||||
我希望 Microsoft Office 的这些开源替代软件可以节省您的资金。 您会使用哪种开源生产力办公套件？
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/best-free-open-source-alternatives-microsoft-office/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||
译者：[amwps290](https://github.com/amwps290)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[1]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/best-open-source-alternatives-ms-office-800x450.jpg
|
||||
[2]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/open-office-logo-wide.jpg
|
||||
[3]:http://www.openoffice.org/
|
||||
[4]:https://itsfoss.com/install-openoffice-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
[5]:https://itsfoss.com/openoffice-shutdown/
|
||||
[6]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/feng-office-logo-wide-800x240.jpg
|
||||
[7]:http://www.fengoffice.com/web/index.php?lang=en
|
||||
[8]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative_software
|
||||
[9]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/siag-office-logo-wide-800x240.jpg
|
||||
[10]:http://siag.nu/
|
||||
[11]:https://itsfoss.com/lightweight-linux-beginners/
|
||||
[12]:http://www.damnsmalllinux.org/
|
||||
[13]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/calligra-office-logo-wide-800x240.jpg
|
||||
[14]:http://www.calligra.org/
|
||||
[15]:https://itsfoss.com/calligra-android-app-coffice/
|
||||
[16]:http://maketecheasier.com/is-calligra-a-great-alternative-to-libreoffice/2012/06/18
|
||||
[17]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/only-office-logo-wide-800x240.png
|
||||
[18]:https://www.onlyoffice.com/
|
||||
[19]:https://itsfoss.com/review-onlyoffice-desktop-editors-linux/
|
||||
[20]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/LibreOffice-logo-wide-800x240.jpg
|
||||
[21]:http://www.documentfoundation.org/
|
||||
[22]:http://www.libreoffice.org/
|
||||
[23]:https://www.collaboraoffice.com/collabora-online/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
|
||||
Torrents - 你需要知道的一切事情
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Torrents** — 每次听到这个词时，在我的脑海里想到的唯一的事情就是免费的电影、游戏、和被破解的软件。但是我们并不知道它们是如何工作的，在 Torrents 中涉及到各种概念。因此，通过这篇文章我们从技术的角度来了解 **torrenting** 是什么。
|
||||
|
||||
### Torrents 是什么？
|
||||
|
||||
Torrents 是一个到因特网上文件位置的链接。它们不是一个文件，它们仅仅是动态指向到你想去下载的原始文件上。
|
||||
|
||||
例如：如果你点击 [Google Chrome][1]，你可以从谷歌的服务器上下载 Google Chrome 浏览器。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你明天、或者下周、或者下个月再去点击那个链接，这个文件仍然可以从谷歌服务器上去下载。
|
||||
|
||||
但是当我们使用 torrents 下载时，它并没有固定的服务器。文件是从以前使用 torrents 下载的其它人的个人电脑上下载的。
|
||||
|
||||
### Torrents 是如何工作的？
|
||||
|
||||
[][2]
|
||||
|
||||
假设 ‘A’ 上有一些视频，它希望以 torrent 方式去下载。因此，他创建了一个 torrent，并将这个链接发送给 ‘B’，这个链接包含了那个视频在因特网上的准确 IP 地址的信息。因此，当 ‘B’ 开始下载那个文件的时候，‘B’ 连接到 ‘A’ 的计算机。在 ‘B’ 下载完成这个视频之后，‘B’ 将开始做为种子，也就是 ‘B’ 将允许其它的 ‘C’ 或者 ‘D’ 从 ‘B’ 的计算机上下载它。
|
||||
|
||||
因此每个人先下载文件然后会上传，下载的人越多，下载的速度也越快。并且在任何情况下，如果想停止上传，也没有问题，随时可以。这样做并不会成为什么问题，除非很多的人下载而上传的人很少。
|
||||
|
||||
### 播种者和索取者
|
||||
|
||||
[][3]
|
||||
|
||||
下载完成特定文件的用户将会即刻做为上传者，因此，可以被新用户下载的已下载者称为播种者。
|
||||
|
||||
而一些还没有完成特定文件的下载者，并且还正在下载的用户称为索取者。
|
||||
|
||||
### 块
|
||||
|
||||
[][4]
|
||||
|
||||
所有的 torrent 文件都独立分割成固定大小的数据包，因此，它们可以非线性顺序和随机顺序下载。每个块都有唯一的标识，因此，一旦所有的块下载完成之后，它们会被拼接出原始文件。
|
||||
|
||||
正是因为这种机制，如果你正在从某人处下载一个文件，假如这个时候因某些原因他停止了上传，你可以继续从其它的播种者处继续下载，而不需要从头开始重新下载。
|
||||
|
||||
### 对端
|
||||
|
||||
对端是指当前连接到你的索取者。一个正在上传的索取者，不论它下载了多少块，它就是一个对端。
|
||||
|
||||
**例如：**
|
||||
|
||||
一个已经下载了文件的前 50 个块的用户就是一个索取者，但是，他又同时上传这些文件，而你只有前 10 个块，因此，你可以从他那里下载最多 50 个块。这时候他就成了你的对端。
|
||||
|
||||
### 最佳实践
|
||||
|
||||
当你下载一个 torrent 时，总是选择最大的播种者。这就是最佳经验。
|
||||
|
||||
这里并没有最小的标准，但是只要确保你选择的是最大的那一个播种者就可以了。
|
||||
|
||||
### Torrent 相关的法律
|
||||
|
||||
[][5]
|
||||
|
||||
Torrent 相关的法律和其它的法律并没有什么区别，对受版权保护的其它任何东西一样，侵权行为会受到法律的制裁。大多数的政府都拦截 torrent 站点和协议，但是 torrenting 本身并不是有害的东西。
|
||||
|
||||
Torrents 对快速分享文件是非常有用的，并且它们被用来共享开源社区的软件，因为它们能节约大量的服务器资源。但是，许多人却因为盗版而使用它们。
|
||||
|
||||
### 结束语
|
||||
|
||||
Torrenting 是降低服务器上负载的一个非常完美的技术。Torrenting 可以使我们将下载速度提升到网卡的极限，这是非常好的。但是，在这种非中心化的服务器上，盗版成为一种必然发生的事。限制我们分享的内容，从不去下载盗版的东西，这是我们的道德责任。
|
||||
|
||||
请在下面的评论中分享你使用 torrents 的心得，分享你喜欢的、法律许可下载的 torrent 网站。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/home/torrents-everything-you-need-to-know
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[LINUXANDUBUNTU][a]
|
||||
译者：[qhwdw](https://github.com/qhwdw)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com
|
||||
[1]:https://www.google.com/chrome/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/torrent_orig.png
|
||||
[3]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/seeders_orig.png
|
||||
[4]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/peers_orig.png
|
||||
[5]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/torrent-laws_orig.png
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user