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Xingyu Wang
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (wxy)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Set up a Linux cloud on bare metal)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/1/cloud-image-virt-install)
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[#]: author: (Sumantro Mukherjee https://opensource.com/users/sumantro)
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Set up a Linux cloud on bare metal
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======
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Create cloud images with virt-install on Fedora.
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![Sky with clouds and grass][1]
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Virtualization is one of the most used technologies. Fedora Linux uses [Cloud Base images][2] to create general-purpose virtual machines (VM), but there are many ways to set up Cloud Base images. Recently, the virt-install command-line tool for provisioning VMs added support for **cloud-init**, so it can now be used to configure and run a cloud image locally.
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This article walks through how to set up a base Fedora cloud instance on bare metal. The same steps can be used with any raw or Qcow2 Cloud Base image.
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### What is --cloud-init?
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The **virt-install** command creates a KVM, Xen, or [LXC][3] guest using **libvirt**. The `--cloud-init` option uses a local file (called a **nocloud datasource**) so you don't need a network connection to create an image. The **nocloud** method derives user data and metadata for the guest from an iso9660 filesystem (an `.iso` file) during the first boot. When you use this option, **virt-install** generates a random (and temporary) password for the root user account, provides a serial console so you can log in and change your password, and then disables the `--cloud-init` option for subsequent boots.
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### Set up a Fedora Cloud Base image
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First, [download a Fedora Cloud Base (for OpenStack) image][2].
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![Fedora Cloud website screenshot][4]
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(Sumantro Mukherjee, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
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Then install the **virt-install** command:
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```
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`$ sudo dnf install virt-install`
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```
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Once **virt-install** is installed and the Fedora Cloud Base image is downloaded, create a small YAML file named `cloudinit-user-data.yaml` to contain a few configuration lines that virt-install will use.
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```
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#cloud-config
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password: 'r00t'
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chpasswd: { expire: false }
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```
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This simple cloud-config sets the password for the default **fedora** user. If you want to use a password that expires, you can set it to expire after logging in.
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Create and boot the VM:
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```
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$ virt-install --name local-cloud18012709 \
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\--memory 2000 --noreboot \
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\--os-variant detect=on,name=fedora-unknown \
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\--cloud-init user-data="/home/r3zr/cloudinit-user-data.yaml" \
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\--disk=size=10,backing_store="/home/r3zr/Downloads/Fedora-Cloud-Base-33-1.2.x86_64.qcow2"
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```
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In this example, `local-cloud18012709` is the name of the virtual machine, RAM is set to 2000MiB, disk size (the virtual hard drive) is set to 10GB, and `--cloud-init` and `backing_store` contain the absolute path to the YAML config file you created and the Qcow2 image you downloaded.
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### Log in
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After the image is created, you can log in with the username **fedora** and the password set in the YAML file (in my example, this is **r00t**, but you may have used something different). Change your password once you've logged in for the first time.
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To power off your virtual machine, execute the `sudo poweroff` command, or press **Ctrl**+**]** on your keyboard.
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### Start, stop, and kill VMs
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The `virsh` command is used to start, stop, and kill VMs.
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To start any VM that is running:
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```
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`$ virsh start <vm-name>`
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```
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To stop any running VM:
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```
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`$ virsh shutdown <vm-name>`
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```
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To list all VMs that are in a running state:
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```
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`$ virsh list`
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```
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To destroy the VMs:
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```
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`$ virsh destroy <vm-name>`
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```
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![Destroying a VM][6]
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(Sumantro Mukherjee, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
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### Fast and easy
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The **virt-install** command combined with the `--cloud-init` option makes it fast and easy to create cloud-ready images without worrying about whether you have a cloud to run them on yet. Whether you're preparing for a a major deployment or just learning about containers, give `virt-install --cloud-init` a try.
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Do you have a favourite tool for your work in the cloud? Tell us about them in the comments.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/21/1/cloud-image-virt-install
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作者：[Sumantro Mukherjee][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/sumantro
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/bus-cloud.png?itok=vz0PIDDS (Sky with clouds and grass)
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[2]: https://alt.fedoraproject.org/cloud/
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[3]: https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/exploring-containers-lxc
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[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/fedoracloud.png (Fedora Cloud website)
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[5]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
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[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/destroyvm.png (Destroying a VM)
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119
translated/tech/20210119 Set up a Linux cloud on bare metal.md
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119
translated/tech/20210119 Set up a Linux cloud on bare metal.md
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@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (wxy)
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[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Set up a Linux cloud on bare metal)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/1/cloud-image-virt-install)
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[#]: author: (Sumantro Mukherjee https://opensource.com/users/sumantro)
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在裸机上建立 Linux 云
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======
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> 在 Fedora 上用 virt-install 创建云镜像。
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![云和草的天空][1]
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虚拟化是使用最多的技术之一。Fedora Linux 使用 [Cloud Base 镜像][2] 来创建通用虚拟机（VM），但设置 Cloud Base 镜像的方法有很多。最近，用于调配虚拟机的 `virt-install` 命令行工具增加了对 `cloud-init` 的支持，因此现在可以使用它在本地配置和运行云镜像。
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本文介绍了如何在裸机上设置一个基本的 Fedora 云实例。同样的步骤可以用于任何 raw 或Qcow2 Cloud Base 镜像。
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### 什么是 --cloud-init？
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`virt-install` 命令使用 `libvirt` 创建一个 KVM、Xen 或 [LXC][3] 客户机。`--cloud-init` 选项使用一个本地文件（称为 “nocloud 数据源”），所以你不需要网络连接来创建镜像。在第一次启动时，`nocloud` 方法会从 iso9660 文件系统（`.iso` 文件）中获取访客机的用户数据和元数据。当你使用这个选项时，`virt-install` 会为 root 用户账户生成一个随机的（临时）密码，提供一个串行控制台，以便你可以登录并更改密码，然后在随后的启动中禁用 `--cloud-init` 选项。
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### 设置 Fedora Cloud Base 镜像
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首先，[下载一个 Fedora Cloud Base（for OpenStack）镜像][2]。
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![Fedora Cloud 网站截图][4]
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然后安装 `virt-install` 命令：
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```
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$ sudo dnf install virt-install
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```
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一旦 `virt-install` 安装完毕并下载了 Fedora Cloud Base 镜像，请创建一个名为`cloudinit-user-data.yaml` 的小型 YAML 文件，其中包含 `virt-install` 将使用的一些配置行：
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```
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#cloud-config
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password: 'r00t'
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chpasswd: { expire: false }
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```
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这个简单的云配置可以设置默认的 `fedora` 用户的密码。如果你想使用会过期的密码，可以将其设置为登录后过期。
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创建并启动虚拟机：
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```
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$ virt-install --name local-cloud18012709 \
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--memory 2000 --noreboot \
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--os-variant detect=on,name=fedora-unknown \
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--cloud-init user-data="/home/r3zr/cloudinit-user-data.yaml" \
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--disk=size=10,backing_store="/home/r3zr/Downloads/Fedora-Cloud-Base-33-1.2.x86_64.qcow2"
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```
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在这个例子中，`local-cloud18012709` 是虚拟机的名称，内存设置为 2000MiB，磁盘大小（虚拟硬盘）设置为 10GB，`--cloud-init` 和 `backing_store` 分别带有你创建的 YAML 配置文件和你下载的 Qcow2 镜像的绝对路径。
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### 登录
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在创建镜像后，你可以用用户名 `fedora` 和 YAML 文件中设置的密码登录（在我的例子中，密码是 `r00t`，但你可能用了别的密码）。一旦你第一次登录，请更改你的密码。
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要关闭虚拟机的电源，执行 `sudo poweroff` 命令，或者按键盘上的 `Ctrl+]`。
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### 启动、停止和销毁虚拟机
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`virsh` 命令用于启动、停止和销毁虚拟机。
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要启动任何停止的虚拟机：
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```
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$ virsh start <vm-name>
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```
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要停止任何运行的虚拟机：
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```
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$ virsh shutdown <vm-name>
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```
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要列出所有处于运行状态的虚拟机：
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```
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$ virsh list
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```
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要销毁虚拟机：
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```
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$ virsh destroy <vm-name>
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```
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![销毁虚拟机][6]
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### 快速而简单
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`virt-install` 命令与 `--cloud-init` 选项相结合，可以快速轻松地创建云就绪镜像，而无需担心是否有云来运行它们。无论你是在为重大部署做准备，还是在学习容器，都可以试试`virt-install --cloud-init`。
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在云计算工作中，你有喜欢的工具吗？请在评论中告诉我们。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/21/1/cloud-image-virt-install
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作者：[Sumantro Mukherjee][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/sumantro
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/bus-cloud.png?itok=vz0PIDDS (Sky with clouds and grass)
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[2]: https://alt.fedoraproject.org/cloud/
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[3]: https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/exploring-containers-lxc
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[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/fedoracloud.png (Fedora Cloud website)
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[5]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
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[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/destroyvm.png (Destroying a VM)
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