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20170308-7 选题
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The Perfect Server CentOS 7.3 with Apache, Postfix, Dovecot, Pure-FTPD, BIND and ISPConfig 3.1
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============================================================
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### This tutorial exists for these OS versions
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* **CentOS 7.3**
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* [CentOS 7.2][3]
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* [CentOS 7.1][4]
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* [CentOS 7][5]
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### On this page
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1. [1 Requirements][6]
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2. [2 Preliminary Note][7]
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3. [3 Prepare the server][8]
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4. [4 Enable Additional Repositories and Install Some Software][9]
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5. [5 Quota][10]
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1. [Enabling quota on the / (root) partition][1]
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2. [Enabling quota on a separate /var partition][2]
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6. [6 Install Apache, MySQL, phpMyAdmin][11]
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This tutorial shows the installation of ISPConfig 3.1 on a CentOS 7.3 (64Bit) server. ISPConfig is a web hosting control panel that allows you to configure the following services through a web browser: Apache web server, Postfix mail server, MySQL, BIND nameserver, PureFTPd, SpamAssassin, ClamAV, Mailman, and many more.
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### 1 Requirements
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To install such a system you will need the following:
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* A Centos 7.3 minimal server system. This can be a server installed from scratch as described in our [Centos 7.3 minimal server tutorial][12] or a virtual-server or root-server from a hosting company that has a minimal Centos 7.3 setup installed.
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* A fast Internet connection.
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### 2 Preliminary Note
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In this tutorial, I use the hostname server1.example.com with the IP address 192.168.1.100 and the gateway 192.168.1.1. These settings might differ for you, so you have to replace them where appropriate.
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Please note that HHVM and XMPP are not supported in ISPConfig for the CentOS platform yet. If you like to manage an XMPP chat server from within ISPConfig or use HHVM (Hip Hop Virtual Machine) in an ISPConfig website, then please use Debian 8 or Ubuntu 16.04 as server OS instead of CentOS 7.3.
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### 3 Prepare the server
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**Set the keyboard layout**
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In case that the keyboard layout of the server does not match your keyboard, you can switch to the right keyboard (in my case "de" for a german keyboard layout, with the localectl command:
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`localectl set-keymap de`
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To get a list of all available keymaps, run:
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`localectl list-keymaps`
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I want to install ISPConfig at the end of this tutorial, ISPConfig ships with the Bastille firewall script that I will use as firewall, therefor I disable the default CentOS firewall now. Of course, you are free to leave the CentOS firewall on and configure it to your needs (but then you shouldn't use any other firewall later on as it will most probably interfere with the CentOS firewall).
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Run...
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```
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yum -y install net-tools
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systemctl stop firewalld.service
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systemctl disable firewalld.service
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```
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to stop and disable the CentOS firewall. It is ok when you get errors here, this just indicates that the firewall was not installed.
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Then you should check that the firewall has really been disabled. To do so, run the command:
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`iptables -L`
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The output should look like this:
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[root@server1 ~]# iptables -L
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Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
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target prot opt source destination
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Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
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target prot opt source destination
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Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
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target prot opt source destination
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Or use the firewall-cmd command:
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firewall-cmd --state
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[root@server1 ~]# firewall-cmd --state
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not running
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[root@server1 ~]#
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Now I will install the network configuration editor and the shell based editor "nano" that I will use in the next steps to edit the config files:
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yum -y install nano wget NetworkManager-tui
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If you did not configure your network card during the installation, you can do that now. Run...
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nmtui
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... and go to Edit a connection:
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[
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][13]
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Select your network interface:
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[
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][14]
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Then fill in your network details - disable DHCP and fill in a static IP address, a netmask, your gateway, and one or two nameservers, then hit Ok:
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[
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][15]
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Next select OK to confirm the changes that you made in the network settings
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[
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][16]
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and Quit to close the nmtui network configuration tool.
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[
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][17]
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You should run
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ifconfig
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now to check if the installer got your IP address right:
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```
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[root@server1 ~]# ifconfig
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ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
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inet 192.168.1.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
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inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fecd:cc52 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
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ether 00:0c:29:cd:cc:52 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
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RX packets 55621 bytes 79601094 (75.9 MiB)
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RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
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TX packets 28115 bytes 2608239 (2.4 MiB)
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TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
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lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
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inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
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inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10
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loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)
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RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
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RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
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TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
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TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
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```
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If your network card does not show up there, then it not be enabled on boot, In this case, open the file /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
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nano /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
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and set ONBOOT to yes:
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[...]
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ONBOOT=yes
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[...]
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and reboot the server.
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Check your /etc/resolv.conf if it lists all nameservers that you've previously configured:
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cat /etc/resolv.conf
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If nameservers are missing, run
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nmtui
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and add the missing nameservers again.
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Now, on to the configuration...
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**Adjusting /etc/hosts and /etc/hostname**
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Next, we will edit /etc/hosts. Make it look like this:
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nano /etc/hosts
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```
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127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
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192.168.1.100 server1.example.com server1
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::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
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```
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Set the hostname in the /etc/hostname file. The file shall contain the fully qualified domain name (e.g. server1.example.com in my case) and not just the short name like "server1". Open the file with the nano editor:
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nano /etc/hostname
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And set the hostname in the file.
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```
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server1.example.com
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```
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Save the file and exit nano.
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**Disable SELinux**
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SELinux is a security extension of CentOS that should provide extended security. In my opinion you don't need it to configure a secure system, and it usually causes more problems than advantages (think of it after you have done a week of trouble-shooting because some service wasn't working as expected, and then you find out that everything was ok, only SELinux was causing the problem). Therefore I disable it (this is a must if you want to install ISPConfig later on).
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Edit /etc/selinux/config and set SELINUX=disabled:
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nano /etc/selinux/config
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```
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# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
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# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
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# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
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# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
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# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
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SELINUX=disabled
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# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:
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# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
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# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
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SELINUXTYPE=targeted
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```
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Afterwards we must reboot the system:
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reboot
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### 4 Enable Additional Repositories and Install Some Software
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First, we import the GPG keys for software packages:
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rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY*
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Then we enable the EPEL repository on our CentOS system as lots of the packages that we are going to install in the course of this tutorial are not available in the official CentOS 7 repository:
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yum -y install epel-release
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yum -y install yum-priorities
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Edit /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo...
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nano /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
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... and add the line priority=10 to the [epel] section:
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```
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[epel]
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name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch
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#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/$basearch
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mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-7&arch=$basearch
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failovermethod=priority
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enabled=1
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priority=10
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gpgcheck=1
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gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
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[...]
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```
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Then we update our existing packages on the system:
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yum -y update
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Now we install some software packages that are needed later on:
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yum -y groupinstall 'Development Tools'
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### 5 Quota
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(If you have chosen a different partitioning scheme than I did, you must adjust this chapter so that quota applies to the partitions where you need it.)
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To install quota, we run this command:
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yum -y install quota
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Now we check if quota is already enabled for the filesystem where the website (/var/www) and maildir data (var/vmail) is stored. In this example setup, I have one big root partition, so I search for ' / ':
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mount | grep ' / '
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[root@server1 ~]# mount | grep ' / '
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/dev/mapper/centos-root on / type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota)
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[root@server1 ~]#
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If you have a separate /var partition, then use:
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mount | grep ' /var '
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instead. If the line contains the word "**noquota**", then proceed with the following steps to enable quota.
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### Enabling quota on the / (root) partition
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Normally you would enable quota in the /etc/fstab file, but if the filesystem is the root filesystem "/", then quota has to be enabled by a boot parameter of the Linux Kernel.
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Edit the grub configuration file:
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nano /etc/default/grub
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search fole the line that starts with GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX and add rootflags=uquota,gquota to the commandline parameters so that the resulting line looks like this:
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```
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GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet rootflags=uquota,gquota"
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```
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and apply the changes by running the following command.
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cp /boot/grub2/grub.cfg /boot/grub2/grub.cfg_bak
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grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
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and reboot the server.
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reboot
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Now check if quota is enabled:
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mount | grep ' / '
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[root@server1 ~]# mount | grep ' / '
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/dev/mapper/centos-root on / type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,usrquota,grpquota)
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[root@server1 ~]#
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When quota is active, we can see "**usrquota,grpquota**" in the mount option list.
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### Enabling quota on a separate /var partition
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If you have a separate /var partition, then edit /etc/fstab and add ,uquota,gquota to the / partition (/dev/mapper/centos-var):
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nano /etc/fstab
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```
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#
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# /etc/fstab
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# Created by anaconda on Sun Sep 21 16:33:45 2014
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#
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# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
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# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
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#
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/dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults 1 1
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/dev/mapper/centos-var /var xfs defaults,uquota,gquota 1 2
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UUID=9ac06939-7e43-4efd-957a-486775edd7b4 /boot xfs defaults 1 3
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/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
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```
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Then run
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mount -o remount /var
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quotacheck -avugm
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quotaon -avug
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to enable quota. When you get an error that there is no partition with quota enabled, then reboot the server before you proceed.
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### 6 Install Apache, MySQL, phpMyAdmin
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We can install the needed packages with one single command:
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yum -y install ntp httpd mod_ssl mariadb-server php php-mysql php-mbstring phpmyadmin
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To ensure that the server can not be attacked trough the [HTTPOXY][18] vulnerability, we will disable the HTTP_PROXY header in apache globally.
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Add the apache header rule at the end of the httpd.conf file:
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echo "RequestHeader unset Proxy early" >> /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
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And restart httpd to apply the configuration change.
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service httpd restart
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/perfect-server-centos-7-3-apache-mysql-php-pureftpd-postfix-dovecot-and-ispconfig/
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作者：[ Till Brehm][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/perfect-server-centos-7-3-apache-mysql-php-pureftpd-postfix-dovecot-and-ispconfig/
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[1]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/perfect-server-centos-7-3-apache-mysql-php-pureftpd-postfix-dovecot-and-ispconfig/#enabling-quota-on-the-root-partition
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[2]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/perfect-server-centos-7-3-apache-mysql-php-pureftpd-postfix-dovecot-and-ispconfig/#enabling-quota-on-a-separate-var-partition
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[3]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/perfect-server-centos-7-2-apache-mysql-php-pureftpd-postfix-dovecot-and-ispconfig/
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[4]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/perfect-server-centos-7-1-apache-mysql-php-pureftpd-postfix-dovecot-and-ispconfig3/
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[5]:https://www.howtoforge.com/perfect-server-centos-7-apache2-mysql-php-pureftpd-postfix-dovecot-and-ispconfig3
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[6]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/perfect-server-centos-7-3-apache-mysql-php-pureftpd-postfix-dovecot-and-ispconfig/#-requirements
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[7]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/perfect-server-centos-7-3-apache-mysql-php-pureftpd-postfix-dovecot-and-ispconfig/#-preliminary-note
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[8]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/perfect-server-centos-7-3-apache-mysql-php-pureftpd-postfix-dovecot-and-ispconfig/#nbspprepare-the-server
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[9]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/perfect-server-centos-7-3-apache-mysql-php-pureftpd-postfix-dovecot-and-ispconfig/#nbspenable-additional-repositories-and-install-some-software
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[10]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/perfect-server-centos-7-3-apache-mysql-php-pureftpd-postfix-dovecot-and-ispconfig/#-quota
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[11]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/perfect-server-centos-7-3-apache-mysql-php-pureftpd-postfix-dovecot-and-ispconfig/#-install-apache-mysql-phpmyadmin
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[12]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/centos-7-minimal-server/
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[13]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/perfect_server_centos_7_1_x86_64_apache2_dovecot_ispconfig3/big/nmtui1.png
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[14]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/perfect_server_centos_7_1_x86_64_apache2_dovecot_ispconfig3/big/nmtui2.png
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[15]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/perfect_server_centos_7_1_x86_64_apache2_dovecot_ispconfig3/big/nmtui3.png
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[16]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/perfect_server_centos_7_1_x86_64_apache2_dovecot_ispconfig3/big/nmtui4.png
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[17]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/perfect_server_centos_7_1_x86_64_apache2_dovecot_ispconfig3/big/nmtui5.png
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[18]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/httpoxy-protect-your-server/
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