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[#]: subject: "Open source photo processing with Darktable"
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[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/12/open-source-photo-processing-darktable"
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[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth"
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[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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Open source photo processing with Darktable
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If you're taking photos good enough to process, you owe it to yourself
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to see what Darktable offers you.
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![Polaroids and palm trees][1]
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It's hard to say how good photographs happen. You have to be in the right place at just the right moment. You have to have a camera at the ready and an eye for composition. And that's just the part that happens in the camera. There's a whole other stage to great photography that many people don't think about. It used to happen with lights and chemicals in a _darkroom_, but with today's digital tools, post-production happens in darkroom software. One of the best photo processors is [Darktable][2], and I wrote an [intro to Darktable][3] article back in 2016. It's been five years since that article, so I thought I'd revisit the application to write about one of its advanced features: masks.
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Darktable hasn't changed much since I originally wrote about it, which to my mind, is one of the hallmarks of a truly great application. A consistent interface and continued great performance is all one can ask of software, and Darktable remains familiar and powerful. If you're new to Darktable, read my introductory article to learn the basics.
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### What is a mask?
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A mask in photograph processing gets used to limit adjustments you make to an image to just one area of the image.
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A _mask_, intuitively enough, is a technique in visual art that uses one material to block out another. If you've ever painted a wall in your apartment or house, you may have used _masking tape_ (also called _painter's tape_) to guard adjoining walls or molding from stray brush strokes. When finished, you peel off the masking tape, and you have nice straight lines of paint.
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A stencil is also a form of masking.
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![A mask made of masking tape][4]
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(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
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It's a technique used in photography for a century, so it makes sense that digital photography tools have an equivalent.
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### Using masks in Darktable
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For this example, I'm using a Creative Commons photograph by Flickr user **bcnewdemocrats**. It's a great photo because of its charming subject matter (two kids applying Holi powder to their very patient father's face). Because it's about the Indian festival of colors, it's got some great splashes of color throughout.
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![Original photograph][6]
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(bcnewdemocrats, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
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This is a photo that needs no improvement, but not all adjustments need to be drastic to have a significant effect.
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The color correction filter provides a particularly noticeable adjustment. A common correction in color photography, especially those of people, is the addition of _amber_ (a reddish-orange). Human skin tone benefits from the amber because we associate that color with warmth and life.
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Click the **On** button to activate the color correction adjustment panel on the right of the Darktable window. Drag the center point up and to the right to add amber to the photo.
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![Color correction panel][7]
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(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
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After you do this, the entire photograph gets drenched in amber.
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![Darktable global color correction][8]
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(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
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At the bottom of the color correction panel, click the **drawn & parametric mask** button.
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![Apply mask button][9]
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(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
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In the toolbar that gets revealed, you have several mask shapes to choose from. There's a circle and an ellipse, path, brush, gradient, and an option to edit an existing mask. For simplicity's sake, select the circle and click on your subject's face.
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![Circle mask][10]
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(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
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Your color correction filter is immediately constrained to the area of your circle mask, giving your main subject a pleasant amber tone while sparing the background.
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![Color correction within a circle mask][11]
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(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
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You can see the difference by toggling the color correction filter off and on.
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### Reusing masks
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If you want to apply another filter to just the subject's face, you don't have to create another mask, especially for that new filter. When you create a mask, it's added to the **mask manager** panel, located on the left of the Darktable interface. The default names are pretty generic, but you can double-click on each mask name to rename it.
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![Mask manager][12]
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(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
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When you apply a new filter, instead of choosing a new mask shape to create, click the **no mask used** drop-down menu to see a list of existing masks, as well as automatically grouped masks that have been used together on the same filter previously. Select the mask or mask group you want to use for your new filter.
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![Selecting an existing mask][13]
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(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
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### More masks
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There are lots of other types of masks and mask features in Darktable to explore. You can create complex shapes with the path and brush tools. You can abandon the use of shapes altogether and constrain filters to regions of an image based on chroma and luma values. You can adjust the fuzziness and spread of a mask and much more. One of the best things about all the adjustments you make in Darktable is that they're all dynamic and nondestructive. You can always turn them off if you change your mind, and you're never actually affecting the image data itself. It's no surprise because Darktable truly is a powerful photography tool, and if you're taking photos good enough to process, you owe it to yourself to see what Darktable offers you.
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We explain how to get started with Darktable, an open source, feature-packed, cross-platform...
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via: https://opensource.com/article/21/12/open-source-photo-processing-darktable
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作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/design_photo_art_polaroids.png?itok=SqPLgWxJ (Polaroids and palm trees)
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[2]: https://www.darktable.org/
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[3]: https://opensource.com/life/16/4/how-use-darktable-digital-darkroom
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[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/masking.jpg (A mask made of masking tape)
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[5]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
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[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/darktable-darkroom.jpg (Original photograph)
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[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/darktable-panel-color-correction.jpg (Color correction panel)
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[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/darktable-color-correction-global.jpg (Darktable global color correction)
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[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/darktable-button-mask.jpg (Apply mask button)
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[10]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/darktable-button-circle.jpg (Circle mask)
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[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/darktable-color-mask.jpg (Color correction within a circle mask)
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[12]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/darktable-mask-manager.jpg (Mask manager)
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[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/darktable-mask-select.jpg (Selecting an existing mask)
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[#]: subject: "Open source photo processing with Darktable"
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[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/12/open-source-photo-processing-darktable"
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[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth"
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[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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用开源 Darktable 进行照片处理
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======
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如果你拍摄的照片足以进行处理，那么你就要来看看 Darktable 为你提供了什么。
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![Polaroids and palm trees][1]
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很难说好照片是如何产生的。你必须在正确的时间出现在正确的地点。你必须准备好相机和构图的眼睛。而这只是发生在相机里的部分。好的摄影还有另一个阶段，许多人都没有想到这一点。它曾经发生在_暗房_中的灯光和化学品，但在今天的数字工具中，后期制作发生在暗房软件中。最好的照片处理器之一是 [Darktable][2]，我在 2016 年写了一篇 [Darktable 介绍][3]文章。那篇文章已经过去五年了，所以我想我应该重新审视一下这个应用，写一写它的一个高级功能：遮罩。
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自从我最初写下这篇文章以来，Darktable 并没有什么变化，在我看来，这是一个真正好的应用的标志之一。一个稳定的界面和持续的优秀性能是人们对软件的所有要求，而 Darktable 仍然是熟悉的和强大的。如果你是 Darktable 的新手，请阅读我的介绍性文章，了解基础知识。
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### 什么是遮罩？
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在照片处理中，遮罩被用来限制你对图像的调整，使其只限于图像的一个区域。
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直观地说，_遮罩_是视觉艺术中的一种技术，用一种材料来遮挡另一种材料。如果你曾经在你的公寓或房子里画过一面墙，你可能使用过_遮蔽胶带_（也叫油漆工胶带）来保护相邻的墙壁或造型不受杂乱笔触的影响。完成后，你剥去遮蔽胶带，你就有了漂亮的油漆直线。
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模板也是遮蔽的一种形式。
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![A mask made of masking tape][4]
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（Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5]）
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这是一种在摄影中使用了一个世纪的技术，因此，数字摄影工具有一个类似的技术也是合理的。
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### 在 Darktable 中使用遮罩
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在这个例子中，我使用了 Flickr 用户 **bcnewdemocrats** 的创作共用照片。这是一张很好的照片，因为它有迷人的主题（两个孩子在他们非常耐心的父亲脸上涂抹 Holi 粉）。因为它是关于印度的五彩节，所以它在整个过程中都有色彩飞溅。
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![Original photograph][6]
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（bcnewdemocrats, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5]）
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这是一张不需要改进的照片，但并不是所有的调整都需要大刀阔斧才能产生显著效果。
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色彩校正滤镜提供了一个特别明显的调整。在彩色摄影中，尤其是人物摄影中，一个常见的修正是添加_琥珀_（一种偏红的橙色）。人类肤色受益于琥珀色，因为我们把这种颜色与温暖和生命联系起来。
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点击 **On** 按钮，激活 Darktable 窗口右侧的色彩校正调整面板。将中心点向上和向右拖动，给照片增加琥珀色。
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![Color correction panel][7]
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（Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5]）
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这样做之后，整张照片就会浸透在琥珀色里。
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![Darktable global color correction][8]
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（Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5]）
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在色彩校正面板的底部，点击 **drawn & parametric mask** 按钮。
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![Apply mask button][9]
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（Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5]）
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在显示出来的工具栏中，你有几种蒙版形状可以选择。有一个圆和一个椭圆、路径、画笔、梯度，还有一个编辑现有蒙版的选项。为了简单起见，选择圆形，然后点击你的对象的脸。
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![Circle mask][10]
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（Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5]）
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你的色彩校正滤镜立即被限制在你的圆形遮罩的区域内，给你的主要对象一个愉快的琥珀色调，同时放过背景。
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![Color correction within a circle mask][11]
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（Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5]）
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你可以通过切换色彩校正滤镜的关闭和开启来看到区别。
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### 复用蒙版
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如果你想只对被摄者的脸部应用另一个滤镜，你不必再创建一个蒙版，特别是为那个新的滤镜。当你创建一个蒙版时，它会被添加到位于 Darktable 界面左边的**蒙版管理器**面板上。默认的名字是非常通用的，但你可以双击每个蒙版的名字来重命名它。
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![Mask manager][12]
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（Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5]）
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当你应用一个新的滤镜时，不是选择一个新的蒙版形状来创建，而是点击 **no mask used** 下拉菜单来查看现有的蒙版列表，以及之前在同一个滤镜上一起使用过的自动分组的蒙版。选择你想用于新滤镜的蒙版或蒙版组。
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![Selecting an existing mask][13]
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（Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5]）
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### 更多蒙版
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在 Darktable 中还有很多其他类型的蒙版和蒙版功能可以探索。你可以用路径和画笔工具创建复杂的形状。你可以完全放弃使用形状，并根据色度和亮度值将过滤器限制在图像的某个区域。你可以调整蒙版的模糊度和扩散度等。在 Darktable 中进行的所有调整中，最好的一点是它们都是动态的、非破坏性的。如果你改变主意，你可以随时关闭它们，而且你实际上从未影响过图像数据本身。这并不奇怪，因为 Darktable 确实是一个强大的摄影工具，如果你拍摄的照片足够好，可以进行处理，你就应该看看 Darktable 为你提供了什么。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/21/12/open-source-photo-processing-darktable
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作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/design_photo_art_polaroids.png?itok=SqPLgWxJ (Polaroids and palm trees)
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[2]: https://www.darktable.org/
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[3]: https://opensource.com/life/16/4/how-use-darktable-digital-darkroom
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[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/masking.jpg (A mask made of masking tape)
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[5]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
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[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/darktable-darkroom.jpg (Original photograph)
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[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/darktable-panel-color-correction.jpg (Color correction panel)
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[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/darktable-color-correction-global.jpg (Darktable global color correction)
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[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/darktable-button-mask.jpg (Apply mask button)
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[10]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/darktable-button-circle.jpg (Circle mask)
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[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/darktable-color-mask.jpg (Color correction within a circle mask)
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[12]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/darktable-mask-manager.jpg (Mask manager)
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[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/darktable-mask-select.jpg (Selecting an existing mask)
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