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@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
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KevinSJ 翻译中
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6 open source tools for writing a book
|
||||
======
|
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|
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|
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@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
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translating by dianbanjiu
|
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Open Source Logging Tools for Linux
|
||||
======
|
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|
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|
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@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
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translating---geekpi
|
||||
|
||||
Convert Screenshots of Equations into LaTeX Instantly With This Nifty Tool
|
||||
======
|
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**Mathpix is a nifty little tool that allows you to take screenshots of complex mathematical equations and instantly converts it into LaTeX editable text.**
|
||||
|
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![Mathpix converts math equations images into LaTeX][1]
|
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|
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[LaTeX editors][2] are excellent when it comes to writing academic and scientific documentation.
|
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|
||||
There is a steep learning curved involved of course. And this learning curve becomes steeper if you have to write complex mathematical equations.
|
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|
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[Mathpix][3] is a nifty little tool that helps you in this regard.
|
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|
||||
Suppose you are reading a document that has mathematical equations. If you want to use those equations in your [LaTeX document][4], you need to use your ninja LaTeX skills and plenty of time.
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|
||||
But Mathpix solves this problem for you. With Mathpix, you take the screenshot of the mathematical equations, and it will instantly give you the LaTeX code. You can then use this code in your [favorite LaTeX editor][2].
|
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|
||||
See Mathpix in action in the video below:
|
||||
|
||||
<https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/mathpix.mp4>
|
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|
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[Video credit][5]: Reddit User [kaitlinmcunningham][6]
|
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|
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Isn’t it super-cool? I guess the hardest part of writing LaTeX documents are those complicated equations. For lazy bums like me, Mathpix is a godsend.
|
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|
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### Getting Mathpix
|
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|
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Mathpix is available for Linux, macOS, Windows and iOS. There is no Android app for the moment.
|
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|
||||
Note: Mathpix is a free to use tool but it’s not open source.
|
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|
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On Linux, [Mathpix is available as a Snap package][7]. Which means [if you have Snap support enabled on your Linux distribution][8], you can install Mathpix with this simple command:
|
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|
||||
```
|
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sudo snap install mathpix-snipping-tool
|
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|
||||
```
|
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|
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Using Mathpix is simple. Once installed, open the tool. You’ll find it in the top panel. You can start taking the screenshot with Mathpix using the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Alt+M.
|
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|
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It will instantly translate the image of equation into a LaTeX code. The code will be copied into clipboard and you can then paste it in a LaTeX editor.
|
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|
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Mathpix’s optical character recognition technology is [being used][9] by a number of companies like [WolframAlpha][10], Microsoft, Google, etc. to improve their tools’ image recognition capability while dealing with math symbols.
|
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|
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Altogether, it’s an awesome tool for students and academics. It’s free to use and I so wish that it was an open source tool. We cannot get everything in life, can we?
|
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|
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Do you use Mathpix or some other similar tool while dealing with mathematical symbols in LaTeX? What do you think of Mathpix? Share your views with us in the comment section.
|
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|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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|
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via: https://itsfoss.com/mathpix/
|
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|
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作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
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|
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[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
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[1]: https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/mathpix-converts-equations-into-latex.jpeg
|
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[2]: https://itsfoss.com/latex-editors-linux/
|
||||
[3]: https://mathpix.com/
|
||||
[4]: https://www.latex-project.org/
|
||||
[5]: https://g.redditmedia.com/b-GL1rQwNezQjGvdlov9U_6vDwb1A7kEwGHYcQ1Ogtg.gif?fm=mp4&mp4-fragmented=false&s=39fd1816b43e2b544986d629f75a7a8e
|
||||
[6]: https://www.reddit.com/user/kaitlinmcunningham
|
||||
[7]: https://snapcraft.io/mathpix-snipping-tool
|
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[8]: https://itsfoss.com/install-snap-linux/
|
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[9]: https://mathpix.com/api.html
|
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[10]: https://www.wolframalpha.com/
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@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
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Command line quick tips: Reading files different ways
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora is delightful to use as a graphical operating system. You can point and click your way through just about any task easily. But you’ve probably seen there is a powerful command line under the hood. To try it out in a shell, just open the Terminal application in your Fedora system. This article is one in a series that will show you some common command line utilities.
|
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|
||||
In this installment you’ll learn how to read files in different ways. If you open a Terminal to do some work on your system, chances are good that you’ll need to read a file or two.
|
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|
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### The whole enchilada
|
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|
||||
The **cat** command is well known to terminal users. When you **cat** a file, you’re simply displaying the whole file to the screen. Really what’s happening under the hood is the file is read one line at a time, then each line is written to the screen.
|
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|
||||
Imagine you have a file with one word per line, called myfile. To make this clear, the file will contain the word equivalent for a number on each line, like this:
|
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|
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```
|
||||
|
||||
one
|
||||
two
|
||||
three
|
||||
four
|
||||
five
|
||||
|
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```
|
||||
|
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So if you **cat** that file, you’ll see this output:
|
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|
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```
|
||||
|
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$ cat myfile
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one
|
||||
two
|
||||
three
|
||||
four
|
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five
|
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|
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```
|
||||
|
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Nothing too surprising there, right? But here’s an interesting twist. You can also **cat** that file backward. For this, use the **tac** command. (Note that Fedora takes no blame for this debatable humor!)
|
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|
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```
|
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|
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$ tac myfile
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five
|
||||
four
|
||||
three
|
||||
two
|
||||
one
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
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The **cat** file also lets you ornament the file in different ways, in case that’s helpful. For instance, you can number lines:
|
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|
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```
|
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|
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$ cat -n myfile
|
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1 one
|
||||
2 two
|
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3 three
|
||||
4 four
|
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5 five
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
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|
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There are additional options that will show special characters and other features. To learn more, run the command **man cat** , and when done just hit **q** to exit back to the shell.
|
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|
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### Picking over your food
|
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|
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Often a file is too long to fit on a screen, and you may want to be able to go through it like a document. In that case, try the **less** command:
|
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|
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```
|
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|
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$ less myfile
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You can use your arrow keys as well as **PgUp/PgDn** to move around the file. Again, you can use the **q** key to quit back to the shell.
|
||||
|
||||
There’s actually a **more** command too, based on an older UNIX command. If it’s important to you to still see the file when you’re done, you might want to use it. The **less** command brings you back to the shell the way you left it, and clears the display of any sign of the file you looked at.
|
||||
|
||||
### Just the appetizer (or dessert)
|
||||
|
||||
Sometimes the output you want is just the beginning of a file. For instance, the file might be so long that when you **cat** the whole thing, the first few lines scroll past before you can see them. The **head** command will help you grab just those lines:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
$ head -n 2 myfile
|
||||
one
|
||||
two
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
In the same way, you can use **tail** to just grab the end of a file:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
$ tail -n 3 myfile
|
||||
three
|
||||
four
|
||||
five
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Of course these are only a few simple commands in this area. But they’ll get you started when it comes to reading files.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://fedoramagazine.org/commandline-quick-tips-reading-files-different-ways/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Paul W. Frields][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/pfrields/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
|
||||
translating---geekpi
|
||||
|
||||
Happy birthday, KDE: 11 applications you never knew existed
|
||||
======
|
||||
Which fun or quirky app do you need today?
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
|
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How to Enable or Disable Services on Boot in Linux Using chkconfig and systemctl Command
|
||||
======
|
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It’s a important topic for Linux admin (such a wonderful topic) so, everyone must be aware of this and practice how to use this in the efficient way.
|
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|
||||
In Linux, whenever we install any packages which has services or daemons. By default all the services “init & systemd” scripts will be added into it but it wont enabled.
|
||||
|
||||
Hence, we need to enable or disable the service manually if it’s required. There are three major init systems are available in Linux which are very famous and still in use.
|
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|
||||
### What is init System?
|
||||
|
||||
In Linux/Unix based operating systems, init (short for initialization) is the first process that started during the system boot up by the kernel.
|
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|
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It’s holding a process id (PID) of 1. It will be running in the background continuously until the system is shut down.
|
||||
|
||||
Init looks at the `/etc/inittab` file to decide the Linux run level then it starts all other processes & applications in the background as per the run level.
|
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|
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BIOS, MBR, GRUB and Kernel processes were kicked up before hitting init process as part of Linux booting process.
|
||||
|
||||
Below are the available run levels for Linux (There are seven runlevels exist, from zero to six).
|
||||
|
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* **`0:`** halt
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* **`1:`** Single user mode
|
||||
* **`2:`** Multiuser, without NFS
|
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* **`3:`** Full multiuser mode
|
||||
* **`4:`** Unused
|
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* **`5:`** X11 (GUI – Graphical User Interface)
|
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* **`:`** reboot
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||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Below three init systems are widely used in Linux.
|
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|
||||
* System V (Sys V)
|
||||
* Upstart
|
||||
* systemd
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### What is System V (Sys V)?
|
||||
|
||||
System V (Sys V) is one of the first and traditional init system for Unix like operating system. init is the first process that started during the system boot up by the kernel and it’s a parent process for everything.
|
||||
|
||||
Most of the Linux distributions started using traditional init system called System V (Sys V) first. Over the years, several replacement init systems were released to address design limitations in the standard versions such as launchd, the Service Management Facility, systemd and Upstart.
|
||||
|
||||
But systemd has been adopted by several major Linux distributions over the traditional SysV init systems.
|
||||
|
||||
### What is Upstart?
|
||||
|
||||
Upstart is an event-based replacement for the /sbin/init daemon which handles starting of tasks and services during boot, stopping them during shutdown and supervising them while the system is running.
|
||||
|
||||
It was originally developed for the Ubuntu distribution, but is intended to be suitable for deployment in all Linux distributions as a replacement for the venerable System-V init.
|
||||
|
||||
It was used in Ubuntu from 9.10 to Ubuntu 14.10 & RHEL 6 based systems after that they are replaced with systemd.
|
||||
|
||||
### What is systemd?
|
||||
|
||||
Systemd is a new init system and system manager which was implemented/adapted into all the major Linux distributions over the traditional SysV init systems.
|
||||
|
||||
systemd is compatible with SysV and LSB init scripts. It can work as a drop-in replacement for sysvinit system. systemd is the first process get started by kernel and holding PID 1.
|
||||
|
||||
It’s a parant process for everything and Fedora 15 is the first distribution which was adapted systemd instead of upstart. systemctl is command line utility and primary tool to manage the systemd daemons/services such as (start, restart, stop, enable, disable, reload & status).
|
||||
|
||||
systemd uses .service files Instead of bash scripts (SysVinit uses). systemd sorts all daemons into their own Linux cgroups and you can see the system hierarchy by exploring `/cgroup/systemd` file.
|
||||
|
||||
### How to Enable or Disable Services on Boot Using chkconfig Commmand?
|
||||
|
||||
The chkconfig utility is a command-line tool that allows you to specify in which
|
||||
runlevel to start a selected service, as well as to list all available services along with their current setting.
|
||||
|
||||
Also, it will allows us to enable or disable a services from the boot. Make sure you must have superuser privileges (either root or sudo) to use this command.
|
||||
|
||||
All the services script are located on `/etc/rd.d/init.d`.
|
||||
|
||||
### How to list All Services in run-level
|
||||
|
||||
The `-–list` parameter displays all the services along with their current status (What run-level the services are enabled or disabled).
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# chkconfig --list
|
||||
NetworkManager 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
|
||||
abrt-ccpp 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:on 6:off
|
||||
abrtd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:on 6:off
|
||||
acpid 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
|
||||
atd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
|
||||
auditd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
|
||||
.
|
||||
.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### How to check the Status of Specific Service
|
||||
|
||||
If you would like to see a particular service status in run-level then use the following format and grep the required service.
|
||||
|
||||
In this case, we are going to check the `auditd` service status in run-level.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# chkconfig --list| grep auditd
|
||||
auditd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### How to Enable a Particular Service on Run Levels
|
||||
|
||||
Use `--level` parameter to enable a service in the required run-level. In this case, we are going to enable `httpd` service on run-level 3 and 5.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# chkconfig --level 35 httpd on
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### How to Disable a Particular Service on Run Levels
|
||||
|
||||
Use `--level` parameter to disable a service in the required run-level. In this case, we are going to enable `httpd` service on run-level 3 and 5.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# chkconfig --level 35 httpd off
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### How to Add a new Service to the Startup List
|
||||
|
||||
The `-–add` parameter allows us to add any new service to the startup. By default, it will turn on level 2, 3, 4 and 5 automatically for that service.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# chkconfig --add nagios
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### How to Remove a Service from Startup List
|
||||
|
||||
Use `--del` parameter to remove the service from the startup list. Here, we are going to remove the Nagios service from the startup list.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# chkconfig --del nagios
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### How to Enable or Disable Services on Boot Using systemctl Command?
|
||||
|
||||
systemctl is command line utility and primary tool to manage the systemd daemons/services such as (start, restart, stop, enable, disable, reload & status).
|
||||
|
||||
All the created systemd unit files are located on `/etc/systemd/system/`.
|
||||
|
||||
### How to list All Services
|
||||
|
||||
Use the following command to list all the services which included enabled and disabled.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# systemctl list-unit-files --type=service
|
||||
UNIT FILE STATE
|
||||
arp-ethers.service disabled
|
||||
auditd.service enabled
|
||||
[email protected] enabled
|
||||
blk-availability.service disabled
|
||||
brandbot.service static
|
||||
[email protected] static
|
||||
chrony-wait.service disabled
|
||||
chronyd.service enabled
|
||||
cloud-config.service enabled
|
||||
cloud-final.service enabled
|
||||
cloud-init-local.service enabled
|
||||
cloud-init.service enabled
|
||||
console-getty.service disabled
|
||||
console-shell.service disabled
|
||||
[email protected] static
|
||||
cpupower.service disabled
|
||||
crond.service enabled
|
||||
.
|
||||
.
|
||||
150 unit files listed.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
If you would like to see a particular service status then use the following format and grep the required service. In this case, we are going to check the `httpd` service status.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# systemctl list-unit-files --type=service | grep httpd
|
||||
httpd.service disabled
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### How to Enable a Particular Service on boot
|
||||
|
||||
Use the following systemctl command format to enable a particular service. To enable a service, it will create a symlink. The same can be found below.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# systemctl enable httpd
|
||||
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Run the following command to double check whether the services is enabled or not on boot.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# systemctl is-enabled httpd
|
||||
enabled
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### How to Disable a Particular Service on boot
|
||||
|
||||
Use the following systemctl command format to disable a particular service. When you run the command, it will remove a symlink which was created by you while enabling the service. The same can be found below.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# systemctl disable httpd
|
||||
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Run the following command to double check whether the services is disabled or not on boot.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# systemctl is-enabled httpd
|
||||
disabled
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### How to Check the current run level
|
||||
|
||||
Use the following systemctl command to verify which run-level you are in. Still “runlevel” command works with systemd, however runlevels is a legacy concept in systemd so, i would advise you to use systemctl command for all activity.
|
||||
|
||||
We are in `run-level 3`, the same is showing below as `multi-user.target`.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# systemctl list-units --type=target
|
||||
UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION
|
||||
basic.target loaded active active Basic System
|
||||
cloud-config.target loaded active active Cloud-config availability
|
||||
cryptsetup.target loaded active active Local Encrypted Volumes
|
||||
getty.target loaded active active Login Prompts
|
||||
local-fs-pre.target loaded active active Local File Systems (Pre)
|
||||
local-fs.target loaded active active Local File Systems
|
||||
multi-user.target loaded active active Multi-User System
|
||||
network-online.target loaded active active Network is Online
|
||||
network-pre.target loaded active active Network (Pre)
|
||||
network.target loaded active active Network
|
||||
paths.target loaded active active Paths
|
||||
remote-fs.target loaded active active Remote File Systems
|
||||
slices.target loaded active active Slices
|
||||
sockets.target loaded active active Sockets
|
||||
swap.target loaded active active Swap
|
||||
sysinit.target loaded active active System Initialization
|
||||
timers.target loaded active active Timers
|
||||
```
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-enable-or-disable-services-on-boot-in-linux-using-chkconfig-and-systemctl-command/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Prakash Subramanian][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/prakash/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
|
||||
Kali Linux: What You Must Know Before Using it – FOSS Post
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Kali Linux is the industry’s leading Linux distribution in penetration testing and ethical hacking. It is a distribution that comes shipped with tons and tons of hacking and penetration tools and software by default, and is widely recognized in all parts of the world, even among Windows users who may not even know what Linux is.
|
||||
|
||||
Because of the latter, many people are trying to get alone with Kali Linux although they don’t even understand the basics of a Linux system. The reasons may vary from having fun, faking being a hacker to impress a girlfriend or simply trying to hack the neighbors’ WiFi network to get a free Internet, all of which is a bad thing to do if you are planning to use Kali Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
Here are some tips that you should know before even planning to use Kali Linux
|
||||
|
||||
### Kali Linux is Not for Beginners
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Kali Linux Default GNOME Desktop
|
||||
|
||||
If you are someone who has just started to use Linux few months ago, or if you are don’t consider yourself to be above average in terms of knowledge, then Kali Linux is not for you. If you are going to ask stuff like “How do I install Steam on Kali? How do I make my printer work on Kali? How do I solve the APT sources error on Kali”? Then Kali Linux is not suitable for you.
|
||||
|
||||
Kali Linux is mainly made for professionals wanting to run penetration testing suits or people who want to learn ethical hacking and digital forensics. But even if you were from the latter, the average Kali Linux user is expected to face a lot of trouble while using Kali Linux for his day-to-day usage. He’s also expected to take a very careful approach to how he uses the tools and software, it’s not just “let’s install it and run everything”. Every tool must be carefully used, every software you install must be carefully examined.
|
||||
|
||||
**Good Read:** [What are the components of a Linux system?][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Stuff which the average Linux user can’t do normally. A better approach would be to spend few weeks learning about Linux and its daemons, services, software, distributions and the way it works, and then watch few dozens of videos and courses about ethical hacking, and only then, try to use Kali to apply what you learned.
|
||||
|
||||
### it Can Get You Hacked
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Kali Linux Hacking & Testing Tools
|
||||
|
||||
In a normal Linux system, there’s one account for normal user and one separate account for root. This is not the case in Kali Linux. Kali Linux uses the root account by default and doesn’t provide you with a normal user account. This is because almost all security tools available in Kali do require root privileges, and to avoid asking you for root password every minute, they designed it that way.
|
||||
|
||||
Of course, you could simply create a normal user account and start using it. Well, it’s still not recommended because that’s not how the Kali Linux system design is meant to work. You’ll face a lot of problems then in using programs, opening ports, debugging software, discovering why this thing doesn’t work only to discover that it was a weird privilege bug. You will also be annoyed by all the tools that will require you to enter the password each time you try to do anything on your system.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, since you are forced to use it in as a root user, all the software you run on your system will also run with root privileges. This is bad if you don’t know what you are doing, because if there’s a vulnerability in Firefox for example and you visit one of the infected dark web sites, the hacker will be able to get full root permissions on your PC and hack you, which would have been limited if you were using a normal user account. Also, some tools that you may install and use can open ports and leak information without your knowledge, so if you are not extremely careful, people can hack you in the same way you may try to hack them.
|
||||
|
||||
If you visit Facebook groups related to Kali Linux on few occasions, you’ll notice that almost a quarter of the posts in these groups are people calling for help because someone hacked them.
|
||||
|
||||
### it Can Get You in Jail
|
||||
|
||||
Kali Linux provide the software as it is. Then, it is your own responsibility alone of how you use them.
|
||||
|
||||
In most advanced countries around the world, using penetration testing tools against public WiFi networks or the devices of others can easily get you in jail. Now don’t think that you can’t be tracked just because you are using Kali, many systems are configured to have complex logging devices to simply track whoever tries to listen or hack their networks, and you may stumble upon one of these, and it will destroy you life.
|
||||
|
||||
Don’t ever use Kali Linux tools against devices/networks which do not belong to you or given explicit permission to try hacking them. If you say that you didn’t know what you were doing, it won’t be accepted as an excuse in a court.
|
||||
|
||||
### Modified Kernel and Software
|
||||
|
||||
Kali is [based][2] on Debian (Testing branch, which means that Kali Linux uses a rolling release model), so it uses most of the software architecture from there, and you will find most of the software in Kali Linux just as they are in Debian.
|
||||
|
||||
However, some packages were modified to harden security and fix some possible vulnerabilities. The Linux kernel that Kali uses for example is patched to allow wireless injection on various devices. These patches are not normally available in the vanilla kernel. Also, Kali Linux does not depend on Debian servers and mirrors, but builds the packages by its own servers. Here’s the default software sources in the latest release:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
deb http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free
|
||||
deb-src http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
That’s why, for some specific software, you will find a different behaviour when using the same program in Kali Linux or using it in Fedora, for example. You can see a full list of Kali Linux software from [git.kali.org][3]. You can also find our [own generated list of installed packages][4] on Kali Linux (GNOME).
|
||||
|
||||
More importantly, Kali Linux official documentation extremely suggests to NOT add any other 3rd-party software repositories, because since Kali Linux is a rolling release and depends on Debian Testing, you will most likely break your system by just adding a new repository source due to dependencies conflicts and package hooks.
|
||||
|
||||
### Don’t Install Kali Linux
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Running wpscan on fosspost.org using Kali Linux
|
||||
|
||||
I use Kali Linux on rare occasions to test the software and servers I deploy. However, I will never dare to install it and use it as a primary system.
|
||||
|
||||
If you are going to use it as a primary system, then you will have to keep your own personal files, password, data and everything else on your system. You will also need to install tons of daily-use software in order to ease your life. But as we mentioned above, using Kali Linux is very risky and should be done very carefully, and if you get hacked, you will lose all your data and it may get exposed to a wider audience. Your personal information can also be used to track you if you are doing non-legal stuff. You may even destroy your data by yourself if you are not careful about how you use the tools.
|
||||
|
||||
Even professional white hackers don’t recommend installing it as a primary system, but rather, use it from USB to just do your penetration testing work and then leave back to your normal Linux distribution.
|
||||
|
||||
### The Bottom Line
|
||||
|
||||
As you may see now, using Kali is not an easy decision to take lightly. If you are planning to be a whiter hacker and you need to use Kali to learn, then go for it after learning the basics and spending few months with a normal system. But be careful for what you are doing to avoid being in trouble.
|
||||
|
||||
If you are planning to use Kali or if you need any help, I’ll be happy to hear your thoughts in the comments.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://fosspost.org/articles/must-know-before-using-kali-linux
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[M.Hanny Sabbagh][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://fosspost.org/author/mhsabbagh
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://fosspost.org/articles/what-are-the-components-of-a-linux-distribution
|
||||
[2]: https://www.kali.org/news/kali-linux-rolling-edition-2016-1/
|
||||
[3]: http://git.kali.org
|
||||
[4]: https://paste.ubuntu.com/p/bctSVWwpVw/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
|
||||
Running Linux containers as a non-root with Podman
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Linux containers are processes with certain isolation features provided by a Linux kernel — including filesystem, process, and network isolation. Containers help with portability — applications can be distributed in container images along with their dependencies, and run on virtually any Linux system with a container runtime.
|
||||
|
||||
Although container technologies exist for a very long time, Linux containers were widely popularized by Docker. The word “Docker” can refer to several different things, including the container technology and tooling, the community around that, or the Docker Inc. company. However, in this article, I’ll be using it to refer to the technology and the tooling that manages Linux containers.
|
||||
|
||||
### What is Docker
|
||||
|
||||
[Docker][1] is a daemon that runs on your system as root, and manages running containers by leveraging features of the Linux kernel. Apart from running containers, it also makes it easy to manage container images — interacting with container registries, storing images, managing container versions, etc. It basically supports all the operations you need to run individual containers.
|
||||
|
||||
But even though Docker is very a handy tool for managing Linux containers, it has two drawbacks: it is a daemon that needs to run on your system, and it needs to run with root privileges which might have certain security implications. Both of those, however, are being addressed by Podman.
|
||||
|
||||
### Introducing Podman
|
||||
|
||||
[Podman][2] is a container runtime providing a very similar features as Docker. And as already hinted, it doesn’t require any daemon to run on your system, and it can also run without root privileges. So let’s have a look at some examples of using Podman to run Linux containers.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Running containers with Podman
|
||||
|
||||
One of the simplest examples could be running a Fedora container, printing “Hello world!” in the command line:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ podman run --rm -it fedora:28 echo "Hello world!"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Building an image using the common Dockerfile works the same way as it does with Docker:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ cat Dockerfile
|
||||
FROM fedora:28
|
||||
RUN dnf -y install cowsay
|
||||
|
||||
$ podman build . -t hello-world
|
||||
... output omitted ...
|
||||
|
||||
$ podman run --rm -it hello-world cowsay "Hello!"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To build containers, Podman calls another tool called Buildah in the background. You can read a recent [post about building container images with Buildah][3] — not just using the typical Dockerfile.
|
||||
|
||||
Apart from building and running containers, Podman can also interact with container registries. To log in to a container registry, for example the widely used Docker Hub, run:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ podman login docker.io
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To push the image I just built, I just need to tag so it refers to the specific container registry and my personal namespace, and then simply push it.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ podman -t hello-world docker.io/asamalik/hello-world
|
||||
$ podman push docker.io/asamalik/hello-world
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
By the way, have you noticed how I run everything as a non-root user? Also, there is no big fat daemon running on my system!
|
||||
|
||||
#### Installing Podman
|
||||
|
||||
Podman is available by default on [Silverblue][4] — a new generation of Linux Workstation for container-based workflows. To install it on any Fedora release, simply run:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo dnf install podman
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://fedoramagazine.org/running-containers-with-podman/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Adam Šamalík][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/asamalik/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://docs.docker.com/
|
||||
[2]: https://podman.io/
|
||||
[3]: https://fedoramagazine.org/daemon-less-container-management-buildah/
|
||||
[4]: https://silverblue.fedoraproject.org/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
|
||||
Turn Your Old PC into a Retrogaming Console with Lakka Linux
|
||||
======
|
||||
**If you have an old computer gathering dust, you can turn it into a PlayStation like retrogaming console with Lakka Linux distribution. **
|
||||
|
||||
You probably already know that there are [Linux distributions specially crafted for reviving older computers][1]. But did you know about a Linux distribution that is created for the sole purpose of turning your old computer into a retro-gaming console?
|
||||
|
||||
![Lakka is a Linux distribution specially for retrogaming][2]
|
||||
|
||||
Meet [Lakka][3], a lightweight Linux distribution that will transform your old or low-end computer (like Raspberry Pi) into a complete retrogaming console,
|
||||
|
||||
When I say retrogaming console, I am serious about the console part. If you have ever used a PlayStation of Xbox, you know what a typical console interface looks like.
|
||||
|
||||
Lakka provides a similar interface and a similar experience. I’ll talk about the ‘experience’ later. Have a look at the interface first.
|
||||
|
||||
<https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/lakka-linux-gaming-console.webm>
|
||||
Lakka Retrogaming interface
|
||||
|
||||
### Lakka: Linux distributions for retrogaming
|
||||
|
||||
Lakka is the official Linux distribution of [RetroArch][4] and the [Libretro][5] ecosystem.
|
||||
|
||||
RetroArch is a frontend for retro game emulators and game engines. The interface you saw in the video above is nothing but RetroArch. If you just want to play retro games, you can simply install RetroArch in your current Linux distribution.
|
||||
|
||||
Lakka provides Libretro core with RetroArch. So you get a preconfigured operating system that you can install or plug in the live USB and start playing games.
|
||||
|
||||
Lakka is lightweight and you can install it on most old systems or single board computers like Raspberry Pi.
|
||||
|
||||
It supports a huge number of emulators. You just need to download the ROMs on your system and Lakka will play the games from these ROMs. You can find the list supported emulators and hardware [here][6].
|
||||
|
||||
It enables you to run classic games on a wide range of computers and consoles through its slick graphical interface. Settings are also unified so configuration is done once and for all.
|
||||
|
||||
Let me summarize the main features of Lakka:
|
||||
|
||||
* PlayStation like interface with RetroArch
|
||||
* Support for a number of retro game emulators
|
||||
* Supports up to 5 players gaming on the same system
|
||||
* Savestates allow you to save your progress at any moment in the game
|
||||
* You can improve the look of your old games with various graphical filters
|
||||
* You can join multiplayer games over the network
|
||||
* Out of the box support for a number of joypads like XBOX360, Dualshock 3, and 8bitdo
|
||||
* Unlike trophies and badges by connecting to [RetroAchievements][7]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Getting Lakka
|
||||
|
||||
Before you go on installing Lakka you should know that it is still under development so expect a few bugs here and there.
|
||||
|
||||
Keep in mind that Lakka only supports MBR partitioning. So if it doesn’t read your hard drive while installing, this could be a reason.
|
||||
|
||||
The [FAQ section of the project][8] answers the common doubts, so please refer to it for any further questions.
|
||||
|
||||
[Get Lakka][9]
|
||||
|
||||
Do you like playing retro games? What emulators do you use? Have you ever used Lakka before? Share your views with us in the comments section.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/lakka-retrogaming-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/lightweight-linux-beginners/
|
||||
[2]: https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/lakka-retrogaming-linux.jpeg
|
||||
[3]: http://www.lakka.tv/
|
||||
[4]: https://www.retroarch.com/
|
||||
[5]: https://www.libretro.com/
|
||||
[6]: http://www.lakka.tv/powerful/
|
||||
[7]: https://retroachievements.org/
|
||||
[8]: http://www.lakka.tv/doc/FAQ/
|
||||
[9]; http://www.lakka.tv/disclaimer/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
|
||||
用这个漂亮的工具将方程式截图迅速转换为 LaTeX
|
||||
======
|
||||
**Mathpix 是一个漂亮的小工具，它允许你截取复杂数学方程式的截图，并立即将其转换为 LaTeX 可编辑文本。**
|
||||
|
||||
![Mathpix converts math equations images into LaTeX][1]
|
||||
|
||||
[LaTeX 编辑器][2]在撰写学术和科学文献时非常出色。
|
||||
|
||||
当然它还有一个陡峭的学习曲线。如果你不得不要写复杂的数学方程式，这种学习曲线会变得更加陡峭。
|
||||
|
||||
[Mathpix][3] 是一个在这方面可以帮助你的小工具。
|
||||
|
||||
假设你正在阅读带有数学方程式的文档。如果你想在[LaTeX 文档][4]中使用这些方程，你需要使用你的 LaTeX 技能和有充足的时间。
|
||||
|
||||
但是 Mathpix 为您解决了这个问题。使用 Mathpix，你截取数学方程式的截图，它会立即为你提供 LaTeX 代码。然后，你可以在你[最喜欢的 LaTeX 编辑器] [2]中使用此代码。
|
||||
|
||||
请参阅以下视频中的 Mathpix 使用：
|
||||
|
||||
<https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/mathpix.mp4>
|
||||
|
||||
[视频来源][5]：Reddit 用户 [kaitlinmcunningham][6]
|
||||
|
||||
不是超酷吗？我想编写 LaTeX 文档最困难的部分是那些复杂的方程式。对于像我这样懒人，Mathpix 是天赐之物。
|
||||
|
||||
### 获取 Mathpix
|
||||
|
||||
Mathpix 适用于 Linux、macOS、Windows 和 iOS。暂时还没有 Android 应用。
|
||||
|
||||
注意：Mathpix 是一个免费使用的工具，但它不是开源的。
|
||||
|
||||
在 Linux 上，[Mathpix 有一个 Snap 包][7]。这意味着[如果你在 Linux 发行版上启用了 Snap 支持] [8]，你可以用这个简单命令安装 Mathpix：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo snap install mathpix-snipping-tool
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
使用 Mathpix 很简单。安装后，打开该工具。你会在顶部面板中找到它。你可以使用键盘快捷键 Ctrl+Alt+M 开始使用 Mathpix 截图。
|
||||
|
||||
它会立即将方程图片转换为 LaTeX 代码。代码将被复制到剪贴板中，然后你可以将其粘贴到 LaTeX 编辑器中。
|
||||
|
||||
Mathpix 的光学字符识别技术[正在被][9]许多公司像 [WolframAlpha][10]、微软、谷歌等公司用于在处理数学符号时提升工具的图像识别能力。
|
||||
|
||||
总而言之，它对学生和学者来说是一个很棒的工具。它是免费使用的，我非常希望它是一个开源工具。但我们无法在生活中得到一切，不是么？
|
||||
|
||||
在 LaTeX 中处理数学符号时，你是否使用 Mathpix 或其他类似工具？你如何看待 Mathpix？在评论区与我们分享你的观点。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/mathpix/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/mathpix-converts-equations-into-latex.jpeg
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/latex-editors-linux/
|
||||
[3]: https://mathpix.com/
|
||||
[4]: https://www.latex-project.org/
|
||||
[5]: https://g.redditmedia.com/b-GL1rQwNezQjGvdlov9U_6vDwb1A7kEwGHYcQ1Ogtg.gif?fm=mp4&mp4-fragmented=false&s=39fd1816b43e2b544986d629f75a7a8e
|
||||
[6]: https://www.reddit.com/user/kaitlinmcunningham
|
||||
[7]: https://snapcraft.io/mathpix-snipping-tool
|
||||
[8]: https://itsfoss.com/install-snap-linux/
|
||||
[9]: https://mathpix.com/api.html
|
||||
[10]: https://www.wolframalpha.com/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
|
||||
命令行快速提示： 读取文件的不同方式
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
作为图形操作系统，Fedora 的使用是令人愉快的。你可以轻松地点按，完成任何任务。 但你可能已经看到了，在引擎盖下还有一个强大的命令行。 想要在 shell 下使用，只需要在 Fedora 系统中打开你的命令行应用程序。 这篇文章是向你展示命令行使用方法的系列之一。
|
||||
|
||||
在这部分，你将学习如何以不同的方式读取文件，如果你在系统中打开一个命令行，你就有可能需要读取一个或两个文件。
|
||||
|
||||
### 一应俱全的大餐
|
||||
|
||||
对命令行终端的用户来说， **cat** 命令众所周知。 当你 **cat** 一个文件，你很容易的把整个文件内容展示在你的屏幕上。而真正发生在引擎盖下的是文件一次读取一行, 然后一行一行写入屏幕。
|
||||
|
||||
假设你有一个文件，叫做 myfile， 这个文件每行只有一个单词。为了简单起见，每行的单词就是这行的行号，就像这样：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
one
|
||||
two
|
||||
three
|
||||
four
|
||||
five
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
所以如果你 **cat** 这个文件，你就会看到如下输出：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
$ cat myfile
|
||||
one
|
||||
two
|
||||
three
|
||||
four
|
||||
five
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
并没有太惊喜，不是吗？ 但是有个有趣的转折，只要使用 **tac** 命令，你可以从后往前 **cat** 这个文件。（请注意， Fedora 对这种有争议的幽默不承担任何责任！）
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
$ tac myfile
|
||||
five
|
||||
four
|
||||
three
|
||||
two
|
||||
one
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**cat** 命令允许你以不同的方式装饰输出，比如，你可以输出行号：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
$ cat -n myfile
|
||||
1 one
|
||||
2 two
|
||||
3 three
|
||||
4 four
|
||||
5 five
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
还有其他选项将显示特殊字符和其他功能。 要了解更多, 请运行 **man cat** 命令， 看完之后， 按 **q** 即可退出回到 shell。
|
||||
|
||||
### 挑选你的食物
|
||||
|
||||
通常, 文件太长, 无法全部显示在屏幕上, 您可能希望能够像文档一样查看它。 这种情况下，可以试试 **less** 命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
$ less myfile
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
你可以用方向键，也可以用 **PgUp/PgDn** 来查看文件， 按 **q** 就可以退回到 shell。
|
||||
|
||||
实际上，还有一个 **more** 命令，它是基于在旧的 UNIX 系统命令的。如果在退回 shell 后仍想看到该文件， 则可能需要使用它。**less** 命令使你回到你离开 shell 之前的样子，并且清除屏幕上你看到的所有的文件内容。
|
||||
|
||||
### 一点披萨或甜点
|
||||
|
||||
有时, 你所需的输出只是文件的开头。 比如，有一个非常长的文件，当你使用 **cat** 命令时，会显示这个文件所有内容，前几行的内容很容易滚动过去，导致你看不到。**head** 命令会帮你获取文件的前几行：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
$ head -n 2 myfile
|
||||
one
|
||||
two
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
同样，你会用 **tail** 命令来查看文件的末尾几行：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
$ tail -n 3 myfile
|
||||
three
|
||||
four
|
||||
five
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
当然, 这些只是在这个领域的几个简单的命令。但当涉及到阅读文件时,你就能容易地开始。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://fedoramagazine.org/commandline-quick-tips-reading-files-different-ways/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Paul W. Frields][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[distant1219](https://github.com/distant1219)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/pfrields/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user