[手动选题][tech]: 20230221.0 ⭐️ Making Directories in Linux Terminal.md

sources/tech/20230221.0 ⭐️ Making Directories in Linux Terminal.md

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+[#]: subject: "Making Directories in Linux Terminal"
+[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/make-directories/"
+[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/"
+[#]: collector: "lkxed"
+[#]: translator: " "
+[#]: reviewer: " "
+[#]: publisher: " "
+[#]: url: " "
+
+Making Directories in Linux Terminal
+======
+
+In the [previous chapter][1] of the Terminal Basics series, you learned about changing folders in the Linux command line.
+
+I gave an exercise at the end that briefly mentioned making directories.
+
+In this part of the series, I'll discuss how you can make new folders in the Linux command line using the mkdir command.
+
+```
+mkdir dir_name
+```
+
+mkdir is short of make directories. Let's see about using this command.
+
+📋
+
+In case you didn't know, folders are called directories in Linux.
+
+### Making a new directory in Linux
+
+You should be familiar with the [concept of absolute and relative paths in Linux][2] by now. If not, please refer to this tutorial.
+
+Absolute vs Relative Path in Linux: What’s the Difference?In this essential Linux learning chapter, know about the relative and absolute paths in Linux. What’s the difference between them and which one should you use.![][3]Linux HandbookAbhishek Prakash![][4]
+
+Open the terminal on your system if it is not already opened. Normally, you start with your home directory (/home/username). But for the sake of this tutorial and to recall a couple of things, I presume you are not in your home directory.
+
+So, change to your home directory first.
+
+```
+cd
+```
+
+Yes. If you simply enter cd without any options and arguments, it takes you to your home directory. You could also use `cd ~` among other methods.
+
+Here, make a new directory called practice.
+
+```
+mkdir practice
+```
+
+Can you switch to this newly created practice directory?
+
+```
+cd practice
+```
+
+Great! Now you have a dedicated folder where you'll practice the Linux command line tutorials in this series.
+
+![Example of making new directory in Linux][5]
+
+### Creating multiple new directories
+
+You just created a new directory. What if you have to create more than one? Let's say three of them.
+
+You may use the mkdir command three times in a row for each of them. It will work. However, it is not really needed. You can save time and effort by creating multiple directories at the same time like this:
+
+```
+mkdir dir1 dir2 dir3
+```
+
+Go on and do that please. You can list the contents of the `practice` directory to see all the newly created directories. More on the ls command later.
+
+![Create multiple new directories in Linux with mkdir command][6]
+
+💡
+
+You cannot have two folders or files of the same name in the same location.
+
+### Making multiple nested subdirectories
+
+So, you now know about creating multiple directories at once.
+
+But what if you have to create a nested directory structure? Let's say that you have to create a directory subdir2 inside subdir1 inside dir1.
+
+```
+dir1/subdir1/subdir2
+```
+
+The problem here is that subdir1 does not exist. So if you try `mkdir dir1/subdir1/subdir32, you'll get an error:
+
+```
+[email protected]:~/practice$ mkdir dir1/subdir1/subdir2
+mkdir: cannot create directory ‘dir1/subdir1/subdir2’: No such file or directory
+```
+
+If you didn't know better, you would go for `mkdir dir1/subdir1` and then run `mkdir dir1/subdir2`. That will work. However, there is a much better way.
+
+You use the `-p` option, which makes parent directories if needed. If you run the command below:
+
+```
+mkdir -p dir1/subdir1/subdir2
+```
+
+It will create subdir1 and then subdir2 inside subdir1.
+
+💡
+
+There is no naming convention, but it is better to avoid spaces in file and directory names. Use underscore or dash instead because handling spaces in file/directory names requires special effort.
+
+### Test your knowledge
+
+This is rather a short tutorial because the mkdir command has only a few options.
+
+Now, let me give you some practice exercises to utilize the `practice` directory you had created earlier.
+
+- Without entering the `dir2` directory, create two new subdirectories in it.
+- Without entering the `dir3` directory, create two-level nested subdirectories (subdir1/subdir2)
+- Change to the dir2 directory. From here, create a directory named temp_stuff in your home directory. Don't worry; we will delete it later in this tutorial series.
+- Go back to the parent `practice` directory and try to create a directory named `dir3`. You see an error. Can you make it go away with the `-p` option?
+
+You can [discuss this exercise in the community forum][7].
+
+In the next chapter of the Terminal Basics series, you'll learn about listing the contents of a directory with the ls command.
+
+Do let me know if you have questions or suggestions.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://itsfoss.com/make-directories/
+
+作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
+选题：[lkxed][b]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
+[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/
+[1]: https://itsfoss.com/change-directories/
+[2]: https://linuxhandbook.com/absolute-vs-relative-path/
+[3]: https://linuxhandbook.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2021/08/Linux-Handbook-New-Logo.png
+[4]: https://linuxhandbook.com/content/images/2021/04/absolute-relative-path-linux.png
+[5]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/make-directory-example.svg
+[6]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/create-multiple-directories-linux.png
+[7]: https://itsfoss.community/t/exercise-in-making-directories-in-linux-terminal/10227