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sources/29 Practical Examples of Nmap Commands for Linux System／Network Administrators.md
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Vic020的WC
29 Practical Examples of Nmap Commands for Linux System/Network Administrators
================================================================================
The **Nmap** aka **Network Mapper** is an open source and a very versatile tool for Linux system/network administrators. **Nmap** is used for **exploring networks, perform security scans, network audit** and **finding open ports** on remote machine. It scans for Live hosts, Operating systems, packet filters and open ports running on remote hosts.

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CentOS 6.5 desktop installation guide with screenshots
================================================================================
### CentOS 6.5 released ###
Following with the release of RHEL 6.5, [CentOS 6.5 has arrived][1] on 1st Dec and its time to play with it. For those who want to update their existing 6.4 systems to 6.5 simply use the "yum update" command and all the magic would be done.
CentOS 6.5 has received some package updates as well as new features. Check out the [release notes][2] for detailed information.
### Major updates ###
> The Precision Time Protocol - previously a technology preview - is now fully supported. The following drivers support network time stamping: bnx2x, tg3, e1000e, igb, ixgbe, and sfc.
> OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.0.1.
> OpenSSL and NSS now support TLS 1.1 and 1.2.
> KVM received various enhancements. These include improved read-only support of VMDK- and VHDX-Files, CPU hot plugging and updated virt-v2v-/virt-p2v-conversion tools.
> Hyper-V and VMware drivers have been updated.
> Updates to Evolution (2.32) and Libre Office (4.0.4).
### Download ###
In this post we shall be installing it on the desktop. Head to either of the following urls
[http://isoredirect.centos.org/centos-6/6.5/isos/][3]
[http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6.5/isos/][4]
Select your machine architecture and it will then present a list of mirrors. Get into any mirror and then get the torrent file to download or the direct iso download link. There are multiple download options available like LiveCD, LiveDVD, Dvd1+2, Minimal and Netinstall.
The minimal installer comes with a text based installer that would install CentOS with a shell and minimum software applications. Rest everything has to be installed from yum.
The LiveCD/LiveDVD provide the desktop and gui installer and installs the CentOS system but does not provide any package selection options.
The DvD1+2 set provide full set of all applications for those who need it.
And the netinstall would actually download the installation image and then install.
In this post we shall use the LiveCD. It is around 650MB.
Although CentOS is used mostly on servers, having a desktop system can help to create a gui based environment with a setup similar to your server. We shall be trying out the minimal and netinstall installation methods in another post.
### Install ###
So now, its time to install CentOS onto your desktop system. Use either the LiveDVD or LiveCD to get it up and running fast.
1. Put in the media and reboot. The boot menu will have many options with self explanatory names. Select Boot to get onto the Live desktop.
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-1.png)
2. Double clicks the Install icon on the desktop, to start the Anaconda installer.
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-2.png)
3. Click Next on the installer wizard.
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-3.png)
4. **Keyboard layout** - The next step would ask you to select the keyboard layout which should be USA for most english users.
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-4.png)
5. **Storage type** - After the keyboard layout, comes the option select the type of storage on which CentOS is to be installed. For local hard drives, its Basic storage.
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-5.png)
6. **Hostname** - In the next step the anaconda installer asks for a hostname. So fill it appropriately. If not sure, just enter something like mypc or hplaptop.
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-6.png)
7. **Timezone** - Then comes the timezone selection
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-7.png)
8. **Root Password** - Next in turn is the root password which, as you know should be a strong one.
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-8.png)
9. **Formatting** - Now the wizard would like to know, how you wan't to format the storage device. If you want to format the drive yourself, then select "Custom Layout" and create partitions as needed. For the sake of this tutorial we are selecting the first option, that is to use the entire device and let CentOS format it as it likes.
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-9.png)
10. **Copying files** - Now the installer will start copying files. Nothing to do here except wait and watch. The LiveCD installer basically copies the CD image to the hard drive. You do not get any option to select packages to install or omit. Also the liveCD somes with a minimal collection of software and applications.
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-10.png)
### Post install configuration ###
11. After the installation completes and reboots, the welcome wizard would come up which would further configure the system.
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-11.png)
12. License Agreement - Like all software centos too comes with a license that is very minimal and only a few lines. So accept it.
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-12.png)
13. **Create User** - Now its time to create a user account for yourself to be able to use the system.
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-13.png)
14. **Current date & time** - Now input the current date and time and select the option to synchronize over the network.
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-14.png)
15. **Kdump** - This is the last step of the welcome wizard that asks whether kdump should be enabled or not. It is a good idea to enable it.
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-15.png)
### Start CentOS 6.5 ###
After the previous step, the system would be rebooted, and finally comes the login page.
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-login.png)
And after login comes the shiny new CentOS 6.5 desktop
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-desktop.png)
Hope you enjoyed reading the installation guide. Leave your comments and questions below.
### Resource ###
CentOS 6.5 release notes
[http://wiki.centos.org/Manuals/ReleaseNotes/CentOS6.5][5]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.binarytides.com/centos-6-5-installation-screenshots/
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:http://lists.centos.org/pipermail/centos-announce/2013-December/020032.html
[2]:http://wiki.centos.org/Manuals/ReleaseNotes/CentOS6.5
[3]:http://isoredirect.centos.org/centos-6/6.5/isos/
[4]:http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6.5/isos/
[5]:http://wiki.centos.org/Manuals/ReleaseNotes/CentOS6.5

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CentOS 6.5 桌面版安装教程附带大量截图
================================================================================
### CentOS 6.5 新版本发布 ###
随着RHEL 6.5新版本的发布，[CentOS 6.5][1]在12月1号准时跟上。现在是时间来玩弄它了。对于那些想要从已经安装好的6.4系统升级到6.5只要简单的使用* yum update *命令然后就是见证奇迹的时刻。
CentOS 6.5 迎来了新的更新包和新功能。可以在[release notes][2]中查看更多细节信息。
### 主要更新 ###
> 精密时间协议 - 以前仅是一个科技预览版 - 现在已经完整支持了！以下设备支持网络时间标记：bnx2x,tg3 , e1000e , igb , ixgbe ,sfc。
> OpenSSL 升级到1.0.1版本
> OpenSSL、NSS支持TLS1.1和1.2
> KVM得到大量加强.包括提升对VMDK- 和 VHDX-Files 的只读，CPU支持热插拔以及升级了 virt-v2v-/virt-p2v-conversion 工具
> Hyper-V 和 VMware 驱动升级
> 升级到 Evolution（2.32）和 Libre Office（4.0.4）
### 下载 ###
这篇教程我们将要安装它的桌面版。请从下面的任意一个的url开始
[http://isoredirect.centos.org/centos-6/6.5/isos/][3]
[http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6.5/isos/][4]
选择你的机器制式，它会列出一张镜像表。进入任何一个镜像、得到种子文件下载或者直接下载iso链接。有许多选择下载方式可以选择，比如，LiveCD, LiveDVD, Dvd1+2, Minimal 和 Netinstall.
Minimal安装程序是一个提供文字安装，这样安装的CentOS将只有shell和最少软件应用程序。剩余的所有东西不得不你自己安装。
LiveCD/LiveDVD提供桌面版和GUI安装程序，可以安装CentOS系统但是不提供任何可选择的软件包。
DvD1+2 被设置为提供完整的应用程序给需要他的人
netinstall 事实上会先下载安装镜像然后再安装
这篇文章我们将使用LiveCD。 它大概有650MB。
尽管CentOS主要使用在服务器上，但有一个桌面系统可以帮助你的服务器在安装时创造一个基础GUI的安装环境。在其他文章，我们将会尝试minimal 和 netinstall安装方法。
### 安装 ###
所以现在，该是时候在你的桌面系统安装CentOS了。快点使用LiveDVD或者是LiveCD去启动运行吧！
1.放入媒体然后重启。启动菜单有多个带说明的选项。选择Boot进入Live桌面。
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-1.png)
2.在桌面上双击下列安装图标，开启anaconda安装器。
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-2.png)
3.进入安装向导，点击Next（下一步）
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-3.png)
4.**键盘布局** - 这一步会询问你，选择你的键盘布局。（译注：推荐选择U.S. English）
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-4.png)
5.**存储类型**完成键盘布局的选择，接下来的是选择用来安装CentOS的存储类型。对于本地硬盘启动，应该选择Basic storage。
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-5.png)
6.**主机名** 下一步 anaconda 安装器会询问主机名。所以填入适当的词。如果不确定，随意输入一个（译注：主机名hostname可以随时更改）。
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-6.png)
7.**时区选择** 接下来选择时区选项。
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-7.png)
8.**Root 密码** 下面是输入 root 密码 ，最好是输入一个熟悉的密码。
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-8.png)
9.**规划分区** 现在向导想要知道，你将要怎么规划存储设备。
如果你需要自己规划分区，选择 “Custom Layout” 并根据需要分区。为了这篇教程的目的，我们选择了第一个选项，那就是使用整个设备并让CentOS用它喜欢的规划自动分区。
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-9.png)
10.**复制文件** 现在安装已经开始复制文件了。现在除了等待和盯着没有什么事情可以做。LiveCD安装器基本上从CD镜像上复制到硬盘上。你没有得到任何安装包的选项去选择安装或省略。同样liveCD只有很少的软件和应用程序一起打包。
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-10.png)
### 安装完毕后配置 ###
11.在安装完毕后会自动重启，欢迎向导将出现来进一步配置系统。
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-11.png)
12.许可证协议 就像所有CentOS的软件一样会有一个很小只有几行的许可证。所以同意吧！
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-12.png)
13.**创建用户** 现在为自己创建一个使用系统的普通用户。
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-13.png)
14.**当前日期和时间** 输入当前日期和时间并且选择使用网络自动同步时间。
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-14.png)
15.**Kdump**这是欢迎向导的最后一步，询问Kdump应该是开启还是关闭。推荐开启它。
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-install-screenshot-15.png)
### 开始使用 CentOS 6.5 ###
结束完之前步骤，系统将会重启，最后引导到登陆界面。
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-login.png)
登陆之后，迎来的金光闪闪的CentOS 6.5 的桌面！
![](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/centos-65-desktop.png)
希望你喜欢这篇安装指南，可以在下方留下你的评论和问题。
### 资源 ###
CentOS 6.5 release notes（版本记录）
[http://wiki.centos.org/Manuals/ReleaseNotes/CentOS6.5][5]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.binarytides.com/centos-6-5-installation-screenshots/
译者：[Vic___](http://blog.csdn.net/Vic___) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:http://lists.centos.org/pipermail/centos-announce/2013-December/020032.html
[2]:http://wiki.centos.org/Manuals/ReleaseNotes/CentOS6.5
[3]:http://isoredirect.centos.org/centos-6/6.5/isos/
[4]:http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6.5/isos/
[5]:http://wiki.centos.org/Manuals/ReleaseNotes/CentOS6.5