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published/20190610 Try a new game on Free RPG Day.md
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published/20190610 Try a new game on Free RPG Day.md
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@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: publisher: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-10976-1.html)
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Try a new game on Free RPG Day)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/5/free-rpg-day)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth/users/erez/users/seth)
|
||||
|
||||
在免费 RPG 日试玩一下新游戏
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
> 6 月 15 日，你可以在当地的游戏商家庆祝桌面角色扮演游戏并获得免费的 RPG 资料。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
（LCTT 译注：“<ruby>免费 RPG 日<rt>Free RPG Day</rt></ruby>”是受“<ruby>免费漫画书日<rt>Free Comic Book Day</rt></ruby>”启发而发起的庆祝活动，从 2007 年开始已经举办多次。这里的 RPG 游戏并非我们通常所指的电脑 RPG 游戏，而是指使用纸和笔的桌面游戏，是一种西方传统游戏形式。）
|
||||
|
||||
你有没有想过尝试一下《<ruby>龙与地下城<rt>Dungeons & Dragons</rt></ruby>》，但不知道如何开始？你是否在年轻时玩过《<ruby>开拓者<rt>Pathfinder</rt></ruby>》并一直在考虑重返快乐时光？你是否对角色扮演游戏（RPG）感到好奇，但不确定你是否想玩一个？你是否对桌面游戏的概念完全陌生，直到现在才听说过这种 RPG 游戏？无论是哪一个并不重要，因为[免费 RPG 日] [2]适合所有人！
|
||||
|
||||
第一个免费 RPG 日活动发生在 2007 年，是由世界各地的桌面游戏商家举办的。这个想法是以 0 美元的价格为新手和有经验的游戏玩家带来新的、独家的 RPG 快速入门规则和冒险体验。在这样的一天里，你可以走进当地的桌面游戏商家，得到一本小册子，其中包含桌面 RPG 的简单的初学者规则，你可以在商家里与那里的人或者回家与朋友一起玩。这本小册子是给你的，应该一直留着的。
|
||||
|
||||
这一活动如此的受欢迎，此后该传统一直延续至今。今年，免费 RPG 日定于 6 月 15 日星期六举行。
|
||||
|
||||
### 有什么收获？
|
||||
|
||||
显然，免费 RPG 日背后的想法是让你沉迷于桌面 RPG 游戏。但在你本能的犬儒主义开始之前，考虑到它会慢慢上瘾，爱上一个鼓励你阅读规则和知识的游戏并不太糟，这样你和你的家人、朋友就有了共度时光的借口了。桌面 RPG 是一个功能强大、富有想象力和有趣的媒介，而免费 RPG 日则是对这种游戏很好的介绍。
|
||||
|
||||
![FreeRPG Day logo][3]
|
||||
|
||||
### 开源游戏
|
||||
|
||||
像许多其他行业一样，开源现象影响了桌面游戏。回到世纪之交，《Magic：The Gathering and Dungeons＆Dragons》 的提供者<ruby>[威世智公司][4]<rt>Wizards of the Coast</rt></ruby>决定通过开发<ruby>[开源游戏许可证][5]<rt>Open Game License</rt></ruby>（OGL）来采用开源方法。他们将此许可证用于世界上第一个 RPG（《<ruby>龙与地下城<rt>Dungeons & Dragons</rt></ruby>》，D&D）的版本 3 和 3.5。几年后，当他们在第四版上（对开源）产生了动摇时，《<ruby>龙<rt>Dragon</rt></ruby>》杂志的出版商复刻了 D＆D 3.5 的“代码”，将其混制版本发布为《<ruby>开拓者<rt>Pathfinder</rt></ruby>》 RPG，从而保持了创新和整个第三方游戏开发者产业的健康发展。最近，威世智公司在 D&D 5e 版本中才又重回了 OGL。
|
||||
|
||||
OGL 允许开发人员至少可以在他们自己产品中使用该游戏的机制。不管你可以不可以使用自定义怪物、武器、王国或流行角色的名称，但你可以随时使用 OGL 游戏的规则和数学计算。事实上，OGL 游戏的规则通常作为[系统参考文档][6]（SRD）免费发布的，因此，无论你是否购买了规则书的副本，你都可以了解游戏的玩法。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你之前从未玩过桌面 RPG，那么使用笔和纸玩的游戏也可以拥有游戏引擎似乎很奇怪，但计算就是计算，不管是数字的还是模拟的。作为一个简单的例子：假设游戏引擎规定玩家角色有一个代表其力量的数字。当那个玩家角色与一个有其两倍力量的巨人战斗时，在玩家掷骰子以增加她的角色的力量攻击时，真的会感到紧张。如果没有掷出一个很好的点数的话，她的力量将无法与巨人相匹敌。知道了这一点，第三方或独立开发者就可以为这个游戏引擎设计一个怪物，同时了解骰子滚动可能对玩家的能力得分产生的影响。这意味着他们可以根据游戏引擎的优先级进行数学计算。他们可以设计一系列用来杀死的怪物，在游戏引擎的环境中它们具有有意义的能力和技能，并且他们可以宣称与该引擎的兼容性。
|
||||
|
||||
此外，OGL 允许出版商为其材料定义产品标识。产品标识可以是出版物的商业外观（图形元素和布局）、徽标、术语、传说、专有名称等。未经出版商同意，任何定义为产品标识的内容都可能**无法**重复使用。例如，假设一个出版商发行了一本武器手册，其中包括一个名为 Sigint 的魔法砍刀，它对所有针对僵尸的攻击都给予 +2 魔法附加攻击值。这个特性来自一个故事，该砍刀是一个具有潜伏的僵尸基因的科学家锻造的。但是，该出版物在 OGL 第 1e 节中列出的所有武器的正确名称都被保留为产品标识。这意味着你可以在自己的出版物中使用该数字（武器的持久性、它所造成的伤害，+2 魔法奖励等等）以及与该武器相关的传说（它由一个潜伏的僵尸锻造），但是你不能使用该武器的名称（Sigint）。
|
||||
|
||||
OGL 是一个非常灵活的许可证，因此开发人员必须仔细阅读其第 1e 节。 一些出版商只保留出版物本身的布局，而其他出版商保留除数字和最通用术语之外的所有内容。
|
||||
|
||||
当卓越的 RPG 特许经营权拥抱开源时，至今仍能感受到的它给整个行业掀起的波澜。第三方开发人员可以为 5e 和《开拓者》系统创建内容。由威世智公司创建的整个 [DungeonMastersGuild.com][7] 网站为 D＆D 5e 制作了独立内容，旨在促进独立出版。[Starfinder][8]、[OpenD6][9]、[战士，盗贼和法师][10]、[剑与巫师][11] 等及很多其它游戏都采用了 OGL。其他系统，如 Brent Newhall 的 《[Dungeon Delvers][12]》、《[Fate][13]》、《[Dungeon World][14]》 等等，都是根据[知识共享许可][15]授权的的。
|
||||
|
||||
### 获取你的 RPG
|
||||
|
||||
在免费 RPG 日，你可以前往当地游戏商铺，玩 RPG 以及获取与朋友将来一起玩的 RPG 游戏材料。就像<ruby>[Linux 安装节][16]<rt>Linux installfest</rt></ruby> 或 <ruby>[软件自由日][17]<rt>Software Freedom Day</rt></ruby>一样，该活动的定义很松散。每个商家举办的自由 RPG 日都有所不同，每个商家都可以玩他们选择的任何游戏。但是，游戏发行商捐赠的免费内容每年都是相同的。显然，免费的东西视情况而定，但是当你参加免费 RPG 日活动时，请注意有多少游戏采用了开源许可证（如果是 OGL 游戏，OGL 会打印在书背面）。《开拓者》、《Starfinder》 和 D＆D 的任何内容肯定都会带有 OGL 的一些优势。许多其他系统的内容使用知识共享许可。有些则像 90 年代复活的 [Dead Earth][18] RPG 一样，使用 [GNU 自由文档许可证] [19]。
|
||||
|
||||
有大量的游戏资源是通过开源许可证开发的。你可能需要也可能不需要关心游戏的许可证；毕竟，许可证与你是否可以与朋友一起玩无关。但是如果你喜欢支持[自由文化][20]而不仅仅是你运行的软件，那么试试一些 OGL 或知识共享游戏吧。如果你不熟悉游戏，请在免费 RPG 日在当地游戏商家试玩桌面 RPG 游戏！
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/5/free-rpg-day
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth/users/erez/users/seth
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/team-game-play-inclusive-diversity-collaboration.png?itok=8sUXV7W1 (plastic game pieces on a board)
|
||||
[2]: https://www.freerpgday.com/
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/freerpgday-logoblank.jpg (FreeRPG Day logo)
|
||||
[4]: https://company.wizards.com/
|
||||
[5]: http://www.opengamingfoundation.org/licenses.html
|
||||
[6]: https://www.d20pfsrd.com/
|
||||
[7]: https://www.dmsguild.com/
|
||||
[8]: https://paizo.com/starfinder
|
||||
[9]: https://ogc.rpglibrary.org/index.php?title=OpenD6
|
||||
[10]: http://www.stargazergames.eu/games/warrior-rogue-mage/
|
||||
[11]: https://froggodgames.com/frogs/product/swords-wizardry-complete-rulebook/
|
||||
[12]: http://brentnewhall.com/games/doku.php?id=games:dungeon_delvers
|
||||
[13]: http://www.faterpg.com/licensing/licensing-fate-cc-by/
|
||||
[14]: http://dungeon-world.com/
|
||||
[15]: https://creativecommons.org/
|
||||
[16]: https://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Installfest-HOWTO/introduction.html
|
||||
[17]: https://www.softwarefreedomday.org/
|
||||
[18]: https://mixedsignals.ml/games/blog/blog_dead-earth
|
||||
[19]: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl-1.3.en.html
|
||||
[20]: https://opensource.com/article/18/1/creative-commons-real-world
|
||||
@ -1,182 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Translating by Robsean
|
||||
How To Resize Active/Primary root Partition Using GParted Utility
|
||||
======
|
||||
Today we are going to discuss about disk partition. It’s one of the best topics in Linux. This allow users to resize the active root partition in Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
In this article we will teach you how to resize the active root partition on Linux using Gparted utility.
|
||||
|
||||
Just imagine, our system has 30GB disk and we didn’t configure properly while installation the Ubuntu operating system.
|
||||
|
||||
We need to install another OS in that so we want to make secondary partition on that.
|
||||
|
||||
Its not advisable to resize active partition. However, we are going to perform this as there is no way to free up the system.
|
||||
|
||||
Make sure you should take backup of important data before performing this action because if something goes wrong (For example, if power got failure or your system got rebooted), you can retain your data.
|
||||
|
||||
### What Is Gparted
|
||||
|
||||
[GParted][1] is a free partition manager that enables you to resize, copy, and move partitions without data loss. We can use all of the features of the GParted application is by using the GParted Live bootable image. GParted Live enables you to use GParted on GNU/Linux as well as other operating systems, such as Windows or Mac OS X.
|
||||
|
||||
### 1) Check Disk Space Usage Using df Command
|
||||
|
||||
I just want to show you about my partition using df command. The df command output clearly showing that i only have one partition.
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ df -h
|
||||
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
|
||||
/dev/sda1 30G 3.4G 26.2G 16% /
|
||||
none 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
|
||||
udev 487M 4.0K 487M 1% /dev
|
||||
tmpfs 100M 844K 99M 1% /run
|
||||
none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
|
||||
none 498M 152K 497M 1% /run/shm
|
||||
none 100M 52K 100M 1% /run/user
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 2) Check Disk Partition Using fdisk Command
|
||||
|
||||
I’m going to verify this using fdisk command.
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo fdisk -l
|
||||
[sudo] password for daygeek:
|
||||
|
||||
Disk /dev/sda: 33.1 GB, 33129218048 bytes
|
||||
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4027 cylinders, total 64705504 sectors
|
||||
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
|
||||
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
|
||||
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
|
||||
Disk identifier: 0x000473a3
|
||||
|
||||
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
|
||||
/dev/sda1 * 2048 62609407 31303680 83 Linux
|
||||
/dev/sda2 62611454 64704511 1046529 5 Extended
|
||||
/dev/sda5 62611456 64704511 1046528 82 Linux swap / Solaris
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 3) Download GParted live ISO Image
|
||||
|
||||
Use the below command to download GParted live ISO to perform this action.
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ wget https://downloads.sourceforge.net/gparted/gparted-live-0.31.0-1-amd64.iso
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 4) Boot Your System With GParted Live Installation Media
|
||||
|
||||
Boot your system with GParted live installation media (like Burned CD/DVD or USB or ISO image). You will get the output similar to below screen. Here choose **GParted Live (Default settings)** and hit **Enter**.
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
### 5) Keyboard Selection
|
||||
|
||||
By default it chooses the second option, just hit **Enter**.
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
### 6) Language Selection
|
||||
|
||||
By default it chooses **33** for US English, just hit **Enter**.
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
### 7) Mode Selection (GUI or Command-Line)
|
||||
|
||||
By default it chooses **0** for GUI mode, just hit **Enter**.
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
### 8) Loaded GParted Live Screen
|
||||
|
||||
Now, GParted live screen is loaded. It is showing the list of partition which was created by me earlier.
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
### 9) How To Resize The root Partition
|
||||
|
||||
Choose the root partition you want to resize, only one partition is available here so i’m going to edit that partition to install another OS.
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
To do so, press **Resize/Move** button to resize the partition.
|
||||
![][9]
|
||||
|
||||
Here, enter the size which you want take out from this partition in first box. I’m going to claim **10GB** so, i added **10240MB** and leave rest of boxes as default, then hit **Resize/Move** button
|
||||
![][10]
|
||||
|
||||
It will ask you once again to confirm to resize the partition because you are editing the live system partition, then hit **Ok**.
|
||||
![][11]
|
||||
|
||||
It has been successfully shrink the partition from 30GB to 20GB. Also shows Unallocated disk space of 10GB.
|
||||
![][12]
|
||||
|
||||
Finally click `Apply` button to perform remaining below operations.
|
||||
![][13]
|
||||
|
||||
* **`e2fsck`** e2fsck is a file system check utility that automatically repair the file system for bad sectors, I/O errors related to HDD.
|
||||
* **`resize2fs`** The resize2fs program will resize ext2, ext3, or ext4 file systems. It can be used to enlarge or shrink an unmounted file system located on device.
|
||||
* **`e2image`** The e2image program will save critical ext2, ext3, or ext4 filesystem metadata located on device to a file specified by image-file.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**`e2fsck`** e2fsck is a file system check utility that automatically repair the file system for bad sectors, I/O errors related to HDD.
|
||||
![][14]
|
||||
|
||||
**`resize2fs`** The resize2fs program will resize ext2, ext3, or ext4 file systems. It can be used to enlarge or shrink an unmounted file system located on device.
|
||||
![][15]
|
||||
|
||||
**`e2image`** The e2image program will save critical ext2, ext3, or ext4 filesystem metadata located on device to a file specified by image-file.
|
||||
![][16]
|
||||
|
||||
All the operation got completed and close the dialog box.
|
||||
![][17]
|
||||
|
||||
Now, i could able to see **10GB** of Unallocated disk partition.
|
||||
![][18]
|
||||
|
||||
Reboot the system to check this.
|
||||
![][19]
|
||||
|
||||
### 10) Check Free Space
|
||||
|
||||
Login to the system back and use fdisk command to see the available space in the partition. Yes i could see **10GB** of Unallocated disk space on this partition.
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo parted /dev/sda print free
|
||||
[sudo] password for daygeek:
|
||||
Model: ATA VBOX HARDDISK (scsi)
|
||||
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2GB
|
||||
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
|
||||
Partition Table: msdos
|
||||
Disk Flags:
|
||||
|
||||
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
|
||||
32.3kB 10.7GB 10.7GB Free Space
|
||||
1 10.7GB 32.2GB 21.5GB primary ext4 boot
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
|
||||
[1]:https://gparted.org/
|
||||
[2]:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7
|
||||
[3]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-1.png
|
||||
[4]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-2.png
|
||||
[5]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-3.png
|
||||
[6]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-4.png
|
||||
[7]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-5.png
|
||||
[8]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-6.png
|
||||
[9]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-7.png
|
||||
[10]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-8.png
|
||||
[11]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-9.png
|
||||
[12]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-10.png
|
||||
[13]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-11.png
|
||||
[14]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-12.png
|
||||
[15]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-13.png
|
||||
[16]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-14.png
|
||||
[17]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-15.png
|
||||
[18]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-16.png
|
||||
[19]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-17.png
|
||||
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: translator: (Modrisco)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3400942/how-linux-can-help-with-your-s
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Sandra Henry-Stocker][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
译者：[Modrisco](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Try a new game on Free RPG Day)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/5/free-rpg-day)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth/users/erez/users/seth)
|
||||
|
||||
Try a new game on Free RPG Day
|
||||
======
|
||||
Celebrate tabletop role-playing games and get free RPG materials at your
|
||||
local game shop on June 15.
|
||||
![plastic game pieces on a board][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Have you ever thought about trying Dungeons & Dragons but didn't know how to start? Did you play Traveller in your youth and have been thinking about returning to the hobby? Are you curious about role-playing games (RPGs) but not sure whether you want to play one? Are you completely new to the concept of tabletop gaming and have never heard of RPGs until now? It doesn't matter which of these profiles suits you, because [Free RPG Day][2] is for everyone!
|
||||
|
||||
The first Free RPG Day event happened in 2007 at hobby game stores all over the world. The idea was to bring new and exclusive RPG quickstart rules and adventures to both new and experienced gamers for $0. For one day, you could walk into your local game store and get a booklet containing simple, beginner-level rules for a tabletop RPG, which you could play with people there in the store or with friends back home. The booklet was yours to keep forever.
|
||||
|
||||
The event was such a smash hit that the tradition has continued ever since. This year, Free RPG Day is scheduled for Saturday, June 15.
|
||||
|
||||
### What's the catch?
|
||||
|
||||
Obviously, the idea behind Free RPG Day is to get you addicted to tabletop RPG gaming. Before you let instinctual cynicism kick in, consider that as addictions go, it's not too bad to fall in love with a game that encourages you to read books of rules and lore so you and your family and friends have an excuse to spend time together. Tabletop RPGs are a powerful, imaginative, and fun medium, and Free RPG Day is a great introduction.
|
||||
|
||||
![FreeRPG Day logo][3]
|
||||
|
||||
### Open gaming
|
||||
|
||||
Like so many other industries, the open source phenomenon has influenced tabletop gaming. Way back at the turn of the century, [Wizards of the Coast][4], purveyors of Magic: The Gathering and Dungeons & Dragons, decided to adopt open source methodology by developing the [Open Game License][5] (OGL). They used this license for editions 3 and 3.5 of the world's first RPG (Dungeons & Dragons). When they faltered years later for the 4th Edition, the publisher of _Dragon_ magazine forked the "code" of D &D 3.5, publishing its remix as the Pathfinder RPG, keeping innovation and a whole cottage industry of third-party game developers healthy. Recently, Wizards of the Coast returned to the OGL for D&D 5e.
|
||||
|
||||
The OGL allows developers to use, at the very least, a game's mechanics in a product of their own. You may or may not be allowed to use the names of custom monsters, weapons, kingdoms, or popular characters, but you can always use the rules and maths of an OGL game. In fact, the rules of an OGL game are often published for free as a [system reference document][6] (SRD) so, whether you purchase a copy of the rule book or not, you can learn how a game is played.
|
||||
|
||||
If you've never played a tabletop RPG before, it may seem strange that a game played with pen and paper can have a game engine, but computation is computation whether it's digital or analog. As a simplified example: suppose a game engine dictates that a player character has a number to represent its strength. When that player character fights a giant twice its strength, there's real tension when a player rolls dice to add to her character's strength-based attack. Without a very good roll, her strength won't match the giant's. Knowing this, a third-party or independent developer can design a monster for this game engine with an understanding of the effects that dice rolls can have on a player's ability score. This means they can base their math on the game engine's precedence. They can design a slew of monsters to slay, with meaningful abilities and skills in the context of the game engine, and they can advertise compatibility with that engine.
|
||||
|
||||
Furthermore, the OGL allows a publisher to define _product identity_ for their material. Product identity can be anything from the trade dress of the publication (graphical elements and layout), logos, terminology, lore, proper names, and so on. Anything defined as product identity may _not_ be reused without publisher consent. For example, suppose a publisher releases a book of weapons including a magical machete called Sigint, granting a +2 magical bonus to all of its attacks against zombies. This trait is explained by a story about how the machete was forged by a scientist with a latent zombie gene. However, the publication lists in section 1e of the OGL that all proper names of weapons are reserved as product identity. This means you can use the numbers (durability of the weapon, the damage it deals, the +2 magical bonus, and so on) and the lore associated with the sword (it was forged by a latent zombie) in your own publication, but you cannot use the name of the weapon (Sigint).
|
||||
|
||||
The OGL is an extremely flexible license, so developers must read section 1e carefully. Some publishers reserve nothing but the layout of the publication itself, while others reserve everything but the numbers and the most generic of terms.
|
||||
|
||||
When the preeminent RPG franchise embraced open source, it sent waves through the industry that are still felt today. Third-party developers can create content for the 5e and Pathfinder systems. A whole website, [DungeonMastersGuild.com][7], featuring independent content for D&D 5e was created by Wizards of the Coast to promote independent publishing. Games like [Starfinder][8], [OpenD6][9], [Warrior, Rogue & Mage][10], [Swords & Wizardry][11], and many others have adopted the OGL. Other systems, like Brent Newhall's [Dungeon Delvers][12], [Fate][13], [Dungeon World][14], and many more are licensed under a [Creative Commons license][15].
|
||||
|
||||
### Get your RPG
|
||||
|
||||
Free RPG Day is a day for you to go to your local gaming store, play an RPG, and get materials for future RPG games you play with friends. Like a [Linux installfest][16] or [Software Freedom Day][17], the event is loosely defined. Each retailer may do Free RPG Day a little differently, each one running whatever game they choose. However, the free content donated by game publishers is the same each year. Obviously, the free stuff is subject to availability, but when you go to a Free RPG Day event, notice how many games are offered with an open license (if it's an OGL game, the OGL is printed in the back matter of the book). Any content for Pathfinder, Starfinder, and D&D is sure to have taken some advantage of the OGL. Content for many other systems use Creative Commons licenses. Some, like the resurrected [Dead Earth][18] RPG from the '90s, use the [GNU Free Documentation License][19].
|
||||
|
||||
There are plenty of gaming resources out there that are developed with open licenses. You may or may not need to care about the license of a game; after all, the license has no bearing upon whether you can play it with friends or not. But if you enjoy supporting [free culture][20] in more ways than just the software you run, try out a few OGL or Creative Commons games. If you're new to gaming entirely, try out a tabletop RPG at your local game store on Free RPG Day!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/5/free-rpg-day
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth/users/erez/users/seth
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/team-game-play-inclusive-diversity-collaboration.png?itok=8sUXV7W1 (plastic game pieces on a board)
|
||||
[2]: https://www.freerpgday.com/
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/freerpgday-logoblank.jpg (FreeRPG Day logo)
|
||||
[4]: https://company.wizards.com/
|
||||
[5]: http://www.opengamingfoundation.org/licenses.html
|
||||
[6]: https://www.d20pfsrd.com/
|
||||
[7]: https://www.dmsguild.com/
|
||||
[8]: https://paizo.com/starfinder
|
||||
[9]: https://ogc.rpglibrary.org/index.php?title=OpenD6
|
||||
[10]: http://www.stargazergames.eu/games/warrior-rogue-mage/
|
||||
[11]: https://froggodgames.com/frogs/product/swords-wizardry-complete-rulebook/
|
||||
[12]: http://brentnewhall.com/games/doku.php?id=games:dungeon_delvers
|
||||
[13]: http://www.faterpg.com/licensing/licensing-fate-cc-by/
|
||||
[14]: http://dungeon-world.com/
|
||||
[15]: https://creativecommons.org/
|
||||
[16]: https://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Installfest-HOWTO/introduction.html
|
||||
[17]: https://www.softwarefreedomday.org/
|
||||
[18]: https://mixedsignals.ml/games/blog/blog_dead-earth
|
||||
[19]: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl-1.3.en.html
|
||||
[20]: https://opensource.com/article/18/1/creative-commons-real-world
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
|
||||
如何使用 GParted 实用工具重新调整活动/主要的 root 分区
|
||||
======
|
||||
今天，我们将讨论磁盘分区。这是在 Linux 中一个最好的主题。这允许用户来重新调整在 Linux 中的活动 root 分区。
|
||||
|
||||
在这篇文章中，我们将教你如何使用 Gparted 使用工具重新调整在 Linux 上的活动 root 分区。
|
||||
|
||||
想象，我们的系统仅有30 GB 磁盘，当我们安装 Ubuntu 操作系统时，并没有恰当地配置。
|
||||
|
||||
我们需要在其中安装另一个操作系统，因此我们想在其中制作第二个分区。
|
||||
|
||||
不建议重新调整活动分区。然而，我们将执行这个操作，因为没有其它方法来释放系统。
|
||||
|
||||
在执行这个动作前，确保你备份重要的数据，因为如果一些东西出错(例如，电源故障或你的系统重启)，你可以继续保留你的数据。
|
||||
|
||||
### Gparted 是什么
|
||||
|
||||
[GParted][1] 是一个自由的分区管理器，它使你能够重新调整大小，复制，和移动分区，而不丢失数据。通过使用 GParted Live 可启动镜像，我们可以使用 GParted 应用程序的所有特色。 GParted Live 使你能够在 GNU/Linux 以及其它的操作系统上使用 GParted ，例如，Windows 或 Mac OS X 。
|
||||
|
||||
### 1) 使用 df 命令检查磁盘空间利用率
|
||||
|
||||
我只是想使用 df 命令向你显示我的分区。 df 命令输出清楚地表明我仅有一个分区。
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ df -h
|
||||
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
|
||||
/dev/sda1 30G 3.4G 26.2G 16% /
|
||||
none 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
|
||||
udev 487M 4.0K 487M 1% /dev
|
||||
tmpfs 100M 844K 99M 1% /run
|
||||
none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
|
||||
none 498M 152K 497M 1% /run/shm
|
||||
none 100M 52K 100M 1% /run/user
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 2) 使用 fdisk 命令检查磁盘分区
|
||||
|
||||
我将使用 fdisk 命令验证这一点。
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo fdisk -l
|
||||
[sudo] password for daygeek:
|
||||
|
||||
Disk /dev/sda: 33.1 GB, 33129218048 bytes
|
||||
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4027 cylinders, total 64705504 sectors
|
||||
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
|
||||
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
|
||||
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
|
||||
Disk identifier: 0x000473a3
|
||||
|
||||
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
|
||||
/dev/sda1 * 2048 62609407 31303680 83 Linux
|
||||
/dev/sda2 62611454 64704511 1046529 5 Extended
|
||||
/dev/sda5 62611456 64704511 1046528 82 Linux swap / Solaris
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 3) 下载 GParted live ISO 镜像
|
||||
|
||||
使用下面的命令来执行下载 GParted live ISO 。
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ wget https://downloads.sourceforge.net/gparted/gparted-live-0.31.0-1-amd64.iso
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 4) 使用 GParted Live 安装介质启动你的系统
|
||||
|
||||
使用 GParted Live 安装介质(像烧录的 CD/DVD 或 USB 或 ISO 镜像)启动你的系统。你将获得类似于下面屏幕的输出。在这里选择 **GParted Live (Default settings)** ，并敲击 **Enter** 按键。
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
### 5) 键盘选择
|
||||
|
||||
默认情况下，它选择第二个选项，仅敲击 **Enter** 按键。
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
### 6) 语言选择
|
||||
|
||||
默认情况下，它选择 **33** 美国英语，仅敲击 **Enter** 按键。
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
### 7) 模式选择（图形用户界面或命令行)
|
||||
|
||||
默认情况下，它选择 **0** 图形用户界面模式，仅敲击 **Enter** 按键。
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
### 8) 加载 GParted Live 屏幕
|
||||
|
||||
现在，GParted live 屏幕已经加载，它显示我以前创建的分区列表。
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
### 9) 如何重新调整 root 分区大小
|
||||
|
||||
选择你想重新调整大小的 root 分区，在这里仅一个分区，所以我将编辑这个分区以便于安装另一个操作系统。
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
为做到这一点，按下 **Resize/Move** 按钮来重新调整分区大小。
|
||||
![][9]
|
||||
|
||||
现在，在第一个框中输入你想从这个分区中取出的大小。我将索要**10GB**，所以，我添加**10240MB**，并保留框的剩余部分为默认值，然后点击 **Resize/Move** 按钮。
|
||||
![][10]
|
||||
|
||||
它将再次要求你确认重新调整分区的大小，因为你正在编辑活动的系统分区，然后点击 **Ok**。
|
||||
![][11]
|
||||
|
||||
分区从 30GB 缩小到 20GB 已经成功。也显示 10GB 未分配的磁盘空间。
|
||||
![][12]
|
||||
|
||||
最后点击 `Apply` 按钮来执行下面剩余的操作。
|
||||
![][13]
|
||||
|
||||
* **`e2fsck`** e2fsck 是一个文件系统检查实用程序，自动修复文件系统中与 HDD 相关的坏扇道，I/O 错误。
|
||||
* **`resize2fs`** resize2fs 程序将重新调整 ext2 ，ext3，或 ext4 文件系统的大小。它可以被用于扩大或缩小一个位于设备上的未挂载的文件系统。
|
||||
* **`e2image`** e2image 程序将保存位于设备上的关键的 ext2 ，ext3 ，或 ext4 文件系统元数据到一个由镜像文件规定是文件中。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**`e2fsck`** 是一个文件系统检查实用程序，自动修复文件系统中与 HDD 相关的坏扇道，I/O 错误。
|
||||
![][14]
|
||||
|
||||
**`resize2fs`** resize2fs 程序将重新调整 ext2 ，ext3，或 ext4 文件系统的大小。它可以被用于扩大或缩小一个位于设备上的未挂载的文件系统。
|
||||
![][15]
|
||||
|
||||
**`e2image`** e2image 程序将保存位于设备上的关键的 ext2 ，ext3 ，或 ext4 文件系统元数据到一个由镜像文件规定是文件中。
|
||||
![][16]
|
||||
|
||||
所有的操作完成，关闭对话框。
|
||||
![][17]
|
||||
|
||||
现在，我们可以看到未分配的 **10GB** 磁盘分区。
|
||||
![][18]
|
||||
|
||||
重启系统来检查这一结果。
|
||||
![][19]
|
||||
|
||||
### 10) 检查剩余空间
|
||||
|
||||
重新登陆系统，并使用 fdisk 命令来查看在分区中可用的空间。是的，我可以看到这个分区上未分配的 **10GB** 磁盘空间。
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo parted /dev/sda print free
|
||||
[sudo] password for daygeek:
|
||||
Model: ATA VBOX HARDDISK (scsi)
|
||||
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2GB
|
||||
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
|
||||
Partition Table: msdos
|
||||
Disk Flags:
|
||||
|
||||
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
|
||||
32.3kB 10.7GB 10.7GB Free Space
|
||||
1 10.7GB 32.2GB 21.5GB primary ext4 boot
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
|
||||
译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
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[1]:https://gparted.org/
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[2]:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7
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[3]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-1.png
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[4]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-2.png
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[5]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-3.png
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[6]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-4.png
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[7]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-5.png
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[8]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-6.png
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[9]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-7.png
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[10]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-8.png
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[11]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-9.png
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[12]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-10.png
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[13]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-11.png
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[14]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-12.png
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[15]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-13.png
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[16]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-14.png
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[17]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-15.png
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[18]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-16.png
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[19]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-17.png
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