mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2025-01-10 22:21:11 +08:00
Translated
翻译完成
This commit is contained in:
北梦南歌
GitHub
parent
a0de09f34b
commit
65a780ff0b
@ -1,195 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Installing Arch Linux Using archinstall Automated Script [Complete Guide]"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/archinstall-guide/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "hwlife"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Installing Arch Linux Using archinstall Automated Script [Complete Guide]
|
||||
======
|
||||
IN THIS GUIDE, WE EXPLAIN THE SUPER EASY WAY OF INSTALLING ARCH LINUX
|
||||
USING AUTOMATED SCRIPT ARCHINSTALL. INTENDED FOR BEGINNER TO ADVANCED
|
||||
USERS.
|
||||
Installing Arch Linux is still troublesome for many new users. It requires a fair amount of knowledge of the commands, inner working of a Linux system including boot process, Kernel and Grub concepts. And these are not known to many. But new users still want to install and experience Arch Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
I personally feel that operating system installation should be always simple in this age of computing. Things should be abstracted to the end user as much as possible. After all, all operating system exists for only one purpose – to help the end user to perform certain tasks and help them.
|
||||
|
||||
### What is the archinstall automated script?
|
||||
|
||||
That said, we covered installing Arch Linux as a bare metal system a while back. Since then, the Arch Linux team came up with an automated and interactive script called [archinstall][1]. This script is far easy way to install Arch Linux today, can can be done by anyone.
|
||||
|
||||
That leads us to the intent of this Arch Linux installation guide, using this automated script called archinstall.
|
||||
|
||||
Let’s dig in.
|
||||
|
||||
### Guide to install Arch Linux using archinstall script
|
||||
|
||||
I would split this guide in three sections. First download Arch Linux .ISO file, create a disk with boot. Second is the actual installation and finally configuration with an example desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Section 1: Download .ISO file
|
||||
|
||||
Visit the below link. Download the .ISO file of Arch Linux. You can go for a direct HTTP download or use torrent/magnet files.
|
||||
|
||||
[Download Arch Linux][2]
|
||||
|
||||
Once downloaded, create a bootable USB stick using [Etcher][3] or some other utility.
|
||||
|
||||
Once done, plug-in the USB stick and boot from it.
|
||||
|
||||
Before you begin the next section, make sure you are connected to the internet. In general, if you are in a wired network, you should be good. If you need to configure Wi-Fi via command line in Arch – [follow this guide][4]. Just make sure you are connected to internet.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Section 2: Install using archinstall
|
||||
|
||||
Once boot is complete, you should see a prompt like below. Type `archinstall` and hit enter.
|
||||
|
||||
![First prompt for archinstall][5]
|
||||
|
||||
The command will check for internet connectivity to the Arch Linux mirrors. And once done, a series of questions (like this) will pop up. All you have to do is read and respond.
|
||||
|
||||
So, for this guide, I give the most basic and easy ones to get you started. You can also experiment with other options if you are confident. But I recommend follow the basic options as outlined below, and next time you can experiment.
|
||||
|
||||
Fair enough? Okay.
|
||||
|
||||
So, the first question is Keyboard Layout type. It is shown by the two byte country specific layout codes. You can either type that or the number beside it. For English-US, I entered us.
|
||||
|
||||
![Keyboard Type – archinstall][6]
|
||||
|
||||
Next is Keyboard Language, for which I entered 65 for the United States.
|
||||
|
||||
![Keyboard Language – archinstall][7]
|
||||
|
||||
Next up is the hard drive selection. The script auto-detects the available drives in your target system. For example, in the below image, it shows 17 GB /dev/vda is the main block device. That is where I am going to install the system. Do not skip this step.
|
||||
|
||||
[][8]
|
||||
|
||||
SEE ALSO: How to Install Cinnamon Desktop in Arch Linux
|
||||
|
||||
For this guide, I have entered 2 which is for /dev/vda. So, enter the number as per your system.
|
||||
|
||||
Once you do that, you should see a double arrow >> beside the device to configure. If you are done, hit enter to proceed.
|
||||
|
||||
![Choose Block Device -1][9]
|
||||
|
||||
![Choose Block Device -2][10]
|
||||
|
||||
In the next option, be very careful. The script asks whether you want to erase the device and go for an auto partition. Or you want to manually partition the drive. For the sake of simplicity, I selected option 0.
|
||||
|
||||
![Select partition option – archinstall][11]
|
||||
|
||||
In the next set of questions, follow as in the image below. It’s more of the file system type, host name, root password, etc. Follow the on-screen instructions. For your help, I have added the questions and their answers used for this guide in the below table.
|
||||
|
||||
Question | Option
|
||||
---|---
|
||||
Question | Option
|
||||
Select main file system | ext4
|
||||
Would you like to use swap on zram? | n
|
||||
Enter disk encyption password | keep it blank (hit enter)
|
||||
hostname or the computer name | Enter any name you want
|
||||
Enter root password | Enter the password you want
|
||||
Enter a pre-programmed profile name –
|
||||
0 – desktop
|
||||
1 – minimal
|
||||
2 – server
|
||||
3 – xorg | Choose 3 – xorg
|
||||
Install graphics driver | Choose as per your system. Or hit enter without any option for default
|
||||
Install Audio Server | Choose pulseaudio
|
||||
|
||||
![Various options in archinstall -1][12]
|
||||
|
||||
In the next question of choosing a Kernel, choose linux. And enter the name of any additional packages you would like this script to install for you – such as firefox, nano, etc.
|
||||
|
||||
Select the network interface as NetworkManager and choose default options for timezone.
|
||||
|
||||
![Various options in archinstall -2][13]
|
||||
|
||||
And that’s about it. Once you are done, the script would generate and wait for you to hit enter to start the installation process.
|
||||
|
||||
![archinstall starts downloading packages][14]
|
||||
|
||||
Wait until this step finishes. It takes some time to download and install all the packages, depends on your system and internet connection speed. Sometimes Arch mirrors are slow, so wait till it finishes.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Section 3 – Install a desktop environment
|
||||
|
||||
After you install the base system using the above method, you can install any additional desktop environment such as GNOME, KDE Plasma, MATE, Xfce – so on. We have several guides for each of them in the below pages. You can visit your choice of desktop installation page and jump straight to the bottom of these pages for exact command to install a desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
* [Xfce][15]
|
||||
* [GNOME][16]
|
||||
* [KDE Plasma][17]
|
||||
* [Cinnamon][8]
|
||||
* [LXQt][18]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
For example, if you want to install GNOME Desktop basic components, you can simply run the below command to install.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo pacman -S --needed gnome gnome-tweaks nautilus-sendto gnome-nettool gnome-usage gnome multi-writer adwaita-icon-theme chrome-gnome-shell xdg-user-dirs-gtk fwupd arc-gtk-theme seahosrse gdm firefox gedit
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
systemctl enable gdm
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
systemctl enable NetworkManager
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Once you are done, type reboot.
|
||||
|
||||
And congratulations. You have finally installed Arch Linux using the awesome archinstall script using this guide.
|
||||
|
||||
### Closing Notes
|
||||
|
||||
I believe, this is one of the impressive script that is developed by the team. And it is definitely going to increase the coverage of the Arch Linux with growing user base.
|
||||
|
||||
Having trouble using this script? Let me know in the comment section below.
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][19], [Twitter][20], [YouTube][21], and [Facebook][22] and never miss an update!
|
||||
|
||||
##### Also Read
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/archinstall-guide/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://github.com/archlinux/archinstall
|
||||
[2]: https://archlinux.org/download/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/etcher-bootable-usb-linux/
|
||||
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/11/connect-wifi-terminal-linux/
|
||||
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/image.png
|
||||
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Keyboard-Type-archinstall.jpg
|
||||
[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Keyboard-Language-archinstall.jpg
|
||||
[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/02/cinnamon-arch-linux-install/
|
||||
[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Choose-Block-Device-1.jpg
|
||||
[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Choose-Block-Device-2.jpg
|
||||
[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Select-partition-option-archinstall.jpg
|
||||
[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Various-options-in-archinstall-1.jpg
|
||||
[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Various-options-in-archinstall-2.jpg
|
||||
[14]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/archinstall-starts-downloading-packages.jpg
|
||||
[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/12/xfce-arch-linux-install-4-16/
|
||||
[16]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/12/gnome-arch-linux-install/
|
||||
[17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/kde-plasma-arch-linux-install/
|
||||
[18]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/12/lxqt-arch-linux-install/
|
||||
[19]: https://t.me/debugpoint
|
||||
[20]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
[21]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1
|
||||
[22]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Installing Arch Linux Using archinstall Automated Script [Complete Guide]"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/archinstall-guide/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "hwlife"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
用archinstall自动化脚本安装Arch Linux [完全指南]
|
||||
======
|
||||
在这篇指南中，我们解释了使用自动化脚本 archinstall 安装 ArchLinux 的超级容易的方法。
|
||||
适合初学者到高级用户。
|
||||
|
||||
对许多新用户来说，安装 ArchLinux 仍然是一件头疼的事情。它需要命令行，Linux系统的内部工作机制包括启动引导过程，内核和 Grub 概念等大量的知识。对许多人来说并不知道这些知识。但是新用户仍然想要安装和体验 ArchLinux 。
|
||||
|
||||
我个人感觉在计算机年代，操作系统的安装应该是简单的事情。对于最终用户安装系统应该尽可能的简单。毕竟，所有操作系统的存在只有一个目的 － 帮助最终用户执行某些任务并协助他们。
|
||||
|
||||
### archinstall 自动化脚本是什么？
|
||||
|
||||
也就是说，不久前我们讨论过在裸机上安装 ArchLinux 。从那以后，ArchLinux团队想出了一个叫做 [archinstall][1] 自动化和交互脚本。如今用这个脚本安装 ArchLinux 是一件容易的事情，任何人都能够完成。
|
||||
|
||||
这就导致我们使用这个叫做 archinstall 的自动化脚本，于是就有了 ArchLinux 安装指南的打算。
|
||||
|
||||
让我们开始吧。
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用 archinstall 脚本安装 Arch Linux 的指南
|
||||
|
||||
我将这个指南分为三个部分。第一部分是下载 Arch Linux的 .ISO 文件，创建一个磁盘引导分区。第二部分是实际安装，最后是用一个实例桌面来最终配置。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 第一部分：下载 .ISO 文件
|
||||
|
||||
访问以下链接。下载 Arch Linux 的 .ISO 文件。你能够用一个直接的 HTTP 地址下载或者使用种子/磁力链接下载文件。
|
||||
|
||||
[Download Arch Linux][2]
|
||||
|
||||
一旦下载完成，用 [Etcher][3] 或者其他的工具创建一个可启动的U盘。
|
||||
|
||||
完成以后，插入U盘并且重启计算机。
|
||||
|
||||
你开始下一部分之前，确定你连接了互联网。一般来说，如果你是有线网，那就很好。如果你在 Arch 就要通过命令行 – [遵从本指南][4] 配置 Wi-Fi。只要确保你已经连接到互联网就行。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 第二部分：使用 archinstall 安装
|
||||
|
||||
一旦启动完成，你应该看到以下提示。键入 `archinstall` 然后点击回车。
|
||||
|
||||
![First prompt for archinstall][5]
|
||||
|
||||
这个命令将会验证网络连接是否连接到 Arch Linxu 的镜像。一旦完成，一系列问题(像这样)将会弹出。你需要做的将是阅读和回复。
|
||||
|
||||
所以，对这个指南来说，我给出了让你开始的最基础和最容易的一种方法。如果你足够自信，你也可以尝试其他选择。但是我建议遵循以下概述的基本选择，下次你在尝试其他的选择。
|
||||
|
||||
够公平吧？OK。
|
||||
|
||||
因此，第一个问题是键盘布局类型。通过两个字节国家特定布局代码来显示。你也可以键入它们或者输入它们边上的数字。对于美国-英语来说，我键入 us 。
|
||||
|
||||
![Keyboard Type – archinstall][6]
|
||||
|
||||
下一步是键盘语言，我键入数字 65 选择美国。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
![Keyboard Language – archinstall][7]
|
||||
|
||||
下一个是硬盘驱动器部分。这个脚本自动探测你的目标系统的可用驱动器。举个例子，在以下图片中，它显示 17GB /dev/vda 是一个主要的块设备。这就是我要安装系统的地方。不要跳过这个步骤。
|
||||
|
||||
[][8]
|
||||
|
||||
另见 ：怎样在 Arch Linux上安装 Cinnamon 桌面
|
||||
|
||||
在这个指南中，我键入数字 2 选中 /dev/vda 块设备。然后，根据你们每人的系统键入相应的数字。
|
||||
|
||||
一旦你做完这步，你应该在设置这个设备的边上看到一个双箭头 >> 。如果你已经选中它，按下回车键进入下一步。
|
||||
|
||||
![Choose Block Device -1][9]
|
||||
|
||||
![Choose Block Device -2][10]
|
||||
|
||||
在下一个选项中，你要小心。这个脚本问是否你想清除设备然后进行自动分区。否则你要手动分区硬盘驱动器。为了简单起见，我选择 0 选项。
|
||||
|
||||
![Select partition option – archinstall][11]
|
||||
|
||||
在下组问题中，如下图所示。更多的是文件系统类型，主机名，根用户密码，等等。按照屏幕上的操作。便于帮助你，我已经在下表中加入了用于本指南的问题和答案。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
问题 | 选项
|
||||
---|---
|
||||
问题 | 选项
|
||||
选择主要的文件系统 | ext4
|
||||
你想用 zram 作为交换分区吗？| n
|
||||
键入磁盘加密密码 |保留为空直接按下回车
|
||||
主机名或计算机名 | 键入你要键入的名字
|
||||
键入根密码 | 键入你要键入的密码
|
||||
键入程序预配置文件名 –
|
||||
0 – 桌面
|
||||
1 – 最小化
|
||||
2 – 服务器
|
||||
3 – xorg | 选择 3 – xorg
|
||||
安装显卡驱动 | 根据你的系统选择数字。否则缺省不选按下回车键
|
||||
安装声卡驱动| 选择 pulseaudio
|
||||
|
||||
![Various options in archinstall -1][12]
|
||||
|
||||
在选择内核，选择linux的下个问题里。这个脚本将要为你安装你额外添加的软件包 - 像 firefox ，nano ，等等。
|
||||
|
||||
用 NetworkManager 选择网络接口，并且为时区选择缺省选项。
|
||||
|
||||
![Various options in archinstall -2][13]
|
||||
|
||||
就是这样。一旦你已经完成上述步骤，这个脚本将会生成并且等待你按下回车开始安装过程。
|
||||
|
||||
![archinstall starts downloading packages][14]
|
||||
|
||||
等待直到步骤完成。这将花一些时间下载安装所有软件包，这依赖你的系统和网络连接速度。有时 Arch 镜像是慢的，所以等待直到它完成。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 第三部分 - 安装桌面环境
|
||||
|
||||
当你用以上方法安装完基本系统以后，你可以安装像 GNOME，KDE Plasma，MATE，Xfce 等额外的桌面环境。我们在以下页面中为它们每个都提供了安装指南。你可以访问你选择的桌面环境安装页面并且直接跳到这些页面底部提取安装桌面环境的命令。
|
||||
|
||||
* [Xfce][15]
|
||||
* [GNOME][16]
|
||||
* [KDE Plasma][17]
|
||||
* [Cinnamon][8]
|
||||
* [LXQt][18]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
举个例子，如果你想要安装 GNOME 桌面基本套件，你可以简单的运行以下命令来安装。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo pacman -S --needed gnome gnome-tweaks nautilus-sendto gnome-nettool gnome-usage gnome multi-writer adwaita-icon-theme chrome-gnome-shell xdg-user-dirs-gtk fwupd arc-gtk-theme seahosrse gdm firefox gedit
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
systemctl enable gdm
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
systemctl enable NetworkManager
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
一旦你完成了以上这些，键入 reboot 重启。
|
||||
|
||||
恭喜你。你已经使用这个指南和厉害的 archinstall 脚本安装完成了 Arch Linux。
|
||||
|
||||
### 结语
|
||||
|
||||
我相信，这是团队开发的令人印象深刻的脚本之一。并且确实增加了使用 Arch Linux 的用户基数和覆盖范围。
|
||||
|
||||
使用这个脚本有什么问题吗？在下方评论让我知道。
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
我们带来了最新的技术，软件新闻和重大事件。可以通过 [Telegram][19], [Twitter][20], [YouTube][21], 和 [Facebook][22] 与我们保持联系，不要错过一个更新！
|
||||
|
||||
##### 也要读
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/archinstall-guide/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[hwlife](https://github.com/hwlife)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://github.com/archlinux/archinstall
|
||||
[2]: https://archlinux.org/download/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/etcher-bootable-usb-linux/
|
||||
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/11/connect-wifi-terminal-linux/
|
||||
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/image.png
|
||||
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Keyboard-Type-archinstall.jpg
|
||||
[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Keyboard-Language-archinstall.jpg
|
||||
[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/02/cinnamon-arch-linux-install/
|
||||
[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Choose-Block-Device-1.jpg
|
||||
[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Choose-Block-Device-2.jpg
|
||||
[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Select-partition-option-archinstall.jpg
|
||||
[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Various-options-in-archinstall-1.jpg
|
||||
[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Various-options-in-archinstall-2.jpg
|
||||
[14]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/archinstall-starts-downloading-packages.jpg
|
||||
[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/12/xfce-arch-linux-install-4-16/
|
||||
[16]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/12/gnome-arch-linux-install/
|
||||
[17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/kde-plasma-arch-linux-install/
|
||||
[18]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/12/lxqt-arch-linux-install/
|
||||
[19]: https://t.me/debugpoint
|
||||
[20]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
[21]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1
|
||||
[22]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user