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vim-kakali translating
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Why Ubuntu-based Distros Are Leaders
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=========================================
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Over the years, I've tried a number of great Linux distributions. The distros that had the greatest impact with me personally were those that maintained a strong community. But there's more to a popular distribution than a strong community. Popular Linux distributions tend to appeal to newcomers, often due to features that make using the distro easier. There are obviously exceptions to this, but generally speaking it is true.
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One distribution that comes to mind is [Ubuntu][1]. Built from a solid [Debian][2] base, Ubuntu has not only become an incredibly popular Linux distro, it's also made countless other distributions such as Linux Mint a reality. In this article, I'll explore why I believe Ubuntu wins the Linux distribution wars and how it's influenced Linux on the desktop as a whole.
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### Ubuntu is easy to use
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Before I first tried Ubuntu years ago, I preferred using the KDE desktop. At that time, it was simply the environment I had the most experience with. The main reason is that KDE was the most popular option among various newbie-friendly Linux distributions. Newbie-friendly distros like Knoppix, Simply Mepis, Xandros, Linspire, amongst others and all of them pointed their users towards the welcoming arms of KDE.
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At this time, KDE did what I needed it to do and I felt little reason to explore other desktop environments. Then one day after my Debian installation failed on me (due to my own user error), I decided to try out this "Ubuntu Dapper Drake" everyone was raving about. At that time, I was less than impressed with the screenshots I had seen, but figured it would be fun to try regardless.
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The biggest impression Ubuntu Dapper Drake made on me was how cleanly everything was laid out. Bear in mind, I came from the KDE world where there were fifteen ways to make one menu change. Ubuntu's implementation of GNOME was very minimalist.
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Flash forward to 2016 with the current 16.04 release: we have multiple Ubuntu flavors available, along with tons of distributions based on the Ubuntu base. The core thing all of these Ubuntu flavors and derivative distributions share in common is they're all designed to be easy to use. And when you're trying to grow your user base, stuff like this matters.
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### Ubuntu LTS
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In the past, I've almost always stuck with LTS releases for my main desktop. The x.10 releases were best left to my testing hard drive or perhaps even an old laptop. My reasons for this were simple – I had no interest in playing with short term releases on a production PC. I'm a busy guy and simply don't feel this is the best use of my time.
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Speaking for myself, I think Ubuntu offering LTS releases is one of the big reasons why the distribution has experienced such success. Think about it – offering folks a desktop Linux distro that will be fully supported for a long period of time has its advantages. To be fair, Ubuntu's not alone here, as there are other distros that do this as well. But I think this LTS strategy bundled with a newbie friendly environment has done Ubuntu a world of good.
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### Ubuntu Snap packages
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In the past, users once raved about the ability to get newer software titles onto their systems using PPAs (personal package archives). Unfortunately, this technology has its shortcomings. Issues like PPA abandonment to discovery are both common issues when working with random software titles.
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Then came the concept of [Snap packages][3]. Certainly not a completely new concept, as similar attempts have been made in the past. But what I think Snap will offer Ubuntu users in the long term is the ability to run the latest software without having to run the very latest Ubuntu release. While I still think we're seeing the early days of where Snap packages could end up, I'm excited at the prospect of bleeding edge software on a stable distribution release.
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The obvious downside is how much disk space Snap packages might potentially use if you're running a lot of software. Not only that, but most software for Ubuntu has yet to officially make the switch over from deb packages. The first issue is solved with ample hard drive space while the latter will simply be a waiting game.
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### Ubuntu Community
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I'm among the first to admit that all of the major Linux distributions have great communities. However, I firmly believe that Ubuntu's community might be the most diverse in terms of folks from different walks of life. For example, we have forums ranging from Apple hardware support to gaming. That's a particularly wide variety of specialized discussions.
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Going beyond the forums, Ubuntu also offers a highly defined community structure. This structure includes a council, technical board, [LoCo teams][4], and Developer Membership board. There are others, but these are the areas of the community structure that really stand out to me.
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Then we have [Ask Ubuntu][5]. In my view, this feature should replace seeking help from the forums as I find it to be far more likely you'll get useful information from this area. Not only that, solutions provided that are voted highly accurate might even make it into the official documentation.
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### Ubuntu's future
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I think Ubuntu's Unity interface has done little to increase desktop adoption. I understand why it was implemented, how it's making things easier for Ubuntu developers and whatnot. But in the end, I also believe it's paved the way for Ubuntu MATE and Linux Mint to increase in popularity as well.
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Another area that I wonder about is the future of Ubuntu's IRC and mailing lists. The fact is, neither lend themselves to bettering documentation like Ask Ubuntu can. As for mailing lists, I've always felt this was a painfully dated way to collaborate, but that's just me – others feel different and that's fine.
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What say you? Do you think Ubuntu will remain a major player going into the future? Perhaps you believe Arch, Linux Mint or others will dethrone Ubuntu in terms of popularity. Hit the Comments and give your favorite distribution a shout-out. If your favorite is based on Ubuntu, explain why you prefer it over Ubuntu proper. I think many of us can mutually agree that, if nothing else, Ubuntu makes a pretty popular base from which to build other distributions.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.datamation.com/open-source/why-ubuntu-based-distros-are-leaders.html
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作者：[Matt Hartley][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: http://www.datamation.com/author/Matt-Hartley-3080.html
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[1]: http://www.ubuntu.com/
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[2]: https://www.debian.org/
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[3]: http://www.datamation.com/open-source/ubuntu-snap-packages-the-good-the-bad-the-ugly.html
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[4]: http://loco.ubuntu.com/
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[5]: http://askubuntu.com/
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为什么 Ubuntu 家族会占据 Linux 发行版的主导地位？
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=========================================
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在过去的数年中，我已经尝试了大量的优秀 Linux 发行版。我印象最深刻的是那些被强大的社区维护的发行版。但是这样的发行版却比他们s所属的社区更受人欢迎。流行的 Linux 发行版吸引着更多的人，通常由于这样的特点使得使用该发行版更加容易。这很明显毫无关系，但一般认为这种说法是正确的。
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我想到的一个发行版 [Ubuntu][1]。它属于健壮的 [Debian][2]分支,Ubuntu 不可思议的成为了受欢迎的 Linux 发行版，而且它也衍生出了其他的版本，比如 Linux Mint。在本文中，我会探讨我坚信 Ubuntu 会赢得 Linux 发行版战争的原因，以及它在整个 Linux 桌面领域有着怎样的影响力。
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### Ubuntu容易使用
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多年前我第一次尝试使用Ubuntu，在这之前我更喜欢使用 KED 桌面。在那个时期，我接触的大多是这种 KDE 桌面环境。主要原因还是 KDE 是大多数新手友好的 Linux 发行版中最受欢迎的。新手友好的发行版有 Knoppix，Simply Mepis, Xandros, Linspire等，另外一些发行版和这些发行版都指出他们的用户趋向于使用 KDE。
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现在KDE能满足我的需求，也没有什么理由去折腾其他的桌面环境了。有一天我的 Debian 安装失败了（由于我个人的操作不当），我决定尝试开发代号为「整洁的公鸭(Ubuntu Dapper Drake)」的 Ubuntu 版本【译者注：ubuntu 6.06 - Dapper Drake(整洁的公鸭)，发布日期：2006年6月1日】。那个时候，我对于它的印象比一个屏幕截图还要少，但是我认为它很有趣并且毫无顾忌的使用它。
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Ubuntu Dapper Drake 给我的最大的印象是它的操作很简单。记住，我是来自于 KDE 世界的用户，在 KDE 上要想改变菜单的设置就有15钟方法。Ubuntu 图形界面的安装启动极具极简主义。
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时间来到2016年，最新的版本号是16.04：我们有多种可用的 Ubuntu 衍生版本，许多的都是基于 Ubuntu 的。所有的 Ubuntu 风格和公用发行版的核心都被设计的容易使用。并且发行版想要增大用户基数的时候，这就是最重要的原因。
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### Ubuntu LTS
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过去，我几乎一直坚持使用 LTS（Long Term Support）发行版作为我的主要桌面系统。10月份的发行版很适合我测试硬盘驱动器，甚至把它用在一个老旧的手提电脑上。我这样做的原因很简单——我没有兴趣在一个作为实验品的电脑上折腾短期发行版。我是个很忙的家伙，我觉得这样会浪费我的时间。
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对于我来说，我认为 Ubuntu 提供 LTS 发行版是 Ubuntu 能够变得流行的原因。这样说吧———提供一个大众的桌面 Linux 发行版，这个发行版能够得到长期的充分支持就是它的优势。事实上，Ubuntu 的优势不只这一点，其他的分支在这一点上也做的很好。长期支持版带有一个对新手的友好环境的策略，我认为这就为 Ubuntu 的普及带来了莫大的好处。
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### Ubuntu Snap 包
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以前，用户在他们的系统上使用很多 PPA（personal package archive个人软件包档案），他们总会抱怨它获得新的软件名称的能力。不好的是，这种技术也有缺点。它工作的时候带有任意的软件名称，而 PPA 却没有发现，这种情况很常见。
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现在有了[Snap 包][3] 。当然这不是一个全新的概念，过去已经进行了类似的尝试。用户不必要在最新的 Ubuntu 发行版上运行最新的软件，我认为这才是 Snap 将要长期提供给 Ubuntu 用户的东西。然而我仍然认为我们将会看到 Snap 淘汰的的那一天，我很期待看到一个在稳定的发行版上运行的优秀软件。
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如果你要运行很多软件，那么 Snap 包实际使用的硬盘空间很明显存在问题。不仅如此，大多数 Ubuntu 软件也是通过由官方开发的 deb 包进行管理的。当后者需要花费一些时间的时候，这个问题可以通过 Snap 使用更大的硬盘驱动器空间得到解决。
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### Ubuntu 社区
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首先，我承认大多数主要的 Linux 发行版都有强大的社区。然而，我坚信 Ubuntu 社区的成员是最多样化的，他们来自各行各业。例如，我们有一个论坛来分类不同的苹果硬件对于游戏的支持程度。这些大量的专业讨论特别广泛。
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除过论坛，Ubuntu 也提供了一个很正式的社区组织。这个组织包括一个委员会，技术板块，[各地的团队LoCo teams][4](Ubuntu Local Community Teams)和开发人员板块。还有很多，但是这些都是我知道的社区组织部分。
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我们还有一个[Ubuntu 问答][5]板块。我认为，这种特色可以代替人们从论坛寻求帮助的方式，我发现在这个网站你得到有用信息的可能行更大。不仅如此，那些提供的解决方案中被选出的最精准的答案也会被写入到官方文档中。
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### Ubuntu 的未来
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我认为 Ubuntu 的 Unity 接口【译者注：Unity 是 Canonical 公司为 Ubuntu 操作系统的 GNOME 桌面环境开发的图形化 shell】在增加桌面舒适性上少有作为。我能理解其中的缘由，现在它主要做一些诸如可以使开发团队的工作更轻松的事情。但是最终，我还是希望 Unity 可以为 Ubuntu MATE 和 Linux Mint 的普及铺平道路。
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我最好奇的一点是 Ubuntu's IRC(Internet Relay Chat) 和邮件列表的发展【译者注：可以在 Ubuntu LoCo Teams IRC Chat上提问关于地方团队和计划的事件的问题，也可以和一些不同团队的成员进行交流】。事实是，他们都不能像 Ubuntu 问答板块那样为它们自己增添一些好的文档。至于邮件列表，我一直认为这对于合作是一种很痛苦的过时方法，但这仅仅是我的个人看法——其他人可能有不同的看法，也可能会认为它很好。
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你说什么？你认为 Ubuntu 将来会剩下一点主要的使用者？也许你相信 Arch 和 Linux Mint 或者其他的发行版会在普及度上打败 Ubuntu 。 既然这样，那请大声说出你最喜爱的发行版。如果这个发行版是 Ubuntu 衍生版 ，说说你为什么更喜欢它而不是 Ubuntu 本身。如果不出意外，Ubuntu 会成为构建其他发行版的基础，我想很多人都是这样认为的。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.datamation.com/open-source/why-ubuntu-based-distros-are-leaders.html
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作者：[Matt Hartley][a]
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译者：[vim-kakali](https://github.com/vim-kakali)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: http://www.datamation.com/author/Matt-Hartley-3080.html
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[1]: http://www.ubuntu.com/
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[2]: https://www.debian.org/
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[3]: http://www.datamation.com/open-source/ubuntu-snap-packages-the-good-the-bad-the-ugly.html
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[4]: http://loco.ubuntu.com/
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[5]: http://askubuntu.com/
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