mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2025-03-21 02:10:11 +08:00
Merge remote-tracking branch 'LCTT/master'
This commit is contained in:
Xingyu Wang
commit
6552955861
@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-12646-1.html)
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Teach Python with Jupyter Notebooks)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/9/teach-python-jupyter)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Moshe Zadka https://opensource.com/users/moshez)
|
||||
|
||||
用 Jupyter Notebooks 教 Python
|
||||
用 Jupyter Notebook 教 Python
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
> 有了 Jupyter、PyHamcrest 和一点测试的代码把它们连在一起，你可以教任何可以进行单元测试的 Python 内容。
|
||||
> 有了 Jupyter、PyHamcrest，用一点测试的代码把它们连在一起，你就可以教任何适用于单元测试的 Python 内容。
|
||||
|
||||
![Person reading a book and digital copy][1]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
关于 Ruby 社区的一些事情一直让我印象深刻。其中两个例子是对测试的承诺和对易于上手的强调。这两方面最好的例子是 [Ruby Koans][2]，在这里你可以通过修复测试来学习 Ruby。
|
||||
关于 Ruby 社区的一些事情一直让我印象深刻，其中两个例子是对测试的承诺和对易于上手的强调。这两方面最好的例子是 [Ruby Koans][2]，在这里你可以通过修复测试来学习 Ruby。
|
||||
|
||||
要是我们能把这些神奇的工具也用于 Python，我们应该可以做得更好。是的，使用 [Jupyter Notebook][3]、[PyHamcrest][4]，再加上一点类似于胶带的粘合代码，我们可以做出一个包括教学、可工作的代码和需要修复的代码的教程。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class TestNumbers(unittest.TestCase):
|
||||
FAILED (failures=1)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
“只改这一行” 对学生来说是一个有用的标记。它准确地表明了需要修改的内容。否则，学生可以通过将第一行改为 `return` 来修正测试。
|
||||
“只改这一行” 对学生来说是一个有用的标记。它准确地表明了需要修改的内容。否则，学生可以通过将第一行改为 `return` 来修复测试。
|
||||
|
||||
在这种情况下，修复很容易：
|
||||
|
||||
@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class TestNumbers(unittest.TestCase):
|
||||
OK
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
然而，很快，`unittest` 库的原生断言将被证明是不够的。在 `pytest` 中，通过重写 `assert`中的字节码来解决这个问题，使其具有神奇的属性和各种启发式方法。但这在 Jupyter notebook 中就不容易实现了。是时候挖出一个好的断言库了：PyHamcrest。
|
||||
然而，很快，`unittest` 库的原生断言将被证明是不够的。在 `pytest` 中，通过重写 `assert` 中的字节码来解决这个问题，使其具有神奇的属性和各种启发式方法。但这在 Jupyter notebook 中就不容易实现了。是时候挖出一个好的断言库了：PyHamcrest。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
from hamcrest import *
|
||||
@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ class TestList(unittest.TestCase):
|
||||
OK
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
使用 Jupyter、PyHamcrest 和一点测试的粘合代码，你可以教授任何可以进行单元测试的 Python 主题。
|
||||
使用 Jupyter、PyHamcrest 和一点测试的粘合代码，你可以教授任何适用于单元测试的 Python 主题。
|
||||
|
||||
例如，下面可以帮助展示 Python 从字符串中去掉空白的不同方法之间的差异。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ class TestList(unittest.TestCase):
|
||||
FAILED (failures=2)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
他们会得到一个不同的错误信息，显示去除了太多的空白：
|
||||
他们会得到一个不同的错误信息，显示去除了过多的空白：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
source_string = " hello world "
|
||||
@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ source_string = " hello world "
|
||||
@run_test
|
||||
class TestList(unittest.TestCase):
|
||||
|
||||
# This one is a freebie: it already works!
|
||||
# 这是个赠品：它可以工作！
|
||||
def test_complete_strip(self):
|
||||
result = source_string.strip()
|
||||
assert_that(result,
|
||||
@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ class TestList(unittest.TestCase):
|
||||
OK
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在一个比较真实的教程中，会有更多的例子和更多的解释。这种使用 Jupyter Notebooks 的技巧，有的例子可以用，有的例子需要修正，可以用于实时教学，可以用于视频课，甚至，可以用更多的其它零散用途，让学生自己完成一个教程。
|
||||
在一个比较真实的教程中，会有更多的例子和更多的解释。这种使用 Jupyter Notebook 的技巧，有的例子可以用，有的例子需要修正，可以用于实时教学，可以用于视频课，甚至，可以用更多的其它零散用途，让学生自己完成一个教程。
|
||||
|
||||
现在就去分享你的知识吧!
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Still not dead: The mainframe hangs on, sustained by Linux and hybrid cloud)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3576290/still-not-dead-the-mainframe-hangs-on-sustained-by-linux-and-hybrid-cloud.html)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Michael Cooney https://www.networkworld.com/author/Michael-Cooney/)
|
||||
|
||||
Still not dead: The mainframe hangs on, sustained by Linux and hybrid cloud
|
||||
======
|
||||
The mainframe—Linux alliance turns 20 this month and is proving to be more vital than ever, primarily in the form of Big Iron-based Red Hat OpenShift.
|
||||
Thinkstock
|
||||
|
||||
The [mainframe][1] has been declared “dead”, “morphed” and “transformed” so many times over the years sometimes it’s sometimes hard to believe the Big Iron still has an identity in the enterprise world.
|
||||
|
||||
But clearly it does and in a major way, too.
|
||||
|
||||
**[ Lessons on diversity in IT: [10 professional organizations focused on diversity in tech][2] • [Being Black in IT: 3 tech leaders share their stories][3] • [Gender gapped: The state of gender diversity in IT][4] • [Māori participation in IT][5]: diversity insights for CIOs everywhere • [IT snapshot: Ethnic diversity in the tech industry][6] ]**
|
||||
|
||||
Take recent news as an example: According to IBM, 75% of the top 20 global banks are running the newest z15 mainframe, and the IBM Systems Group reported a 68% gain in Q2 IBM Z revenue year-over-year.
|
||||
|
||||
At the heart of its current vitality is Linux—primarily in the form of Big Iron-based Red Hat OpenShift—and a variety of software such as IBM [Cloud Paks][7] and open source applications. The Linux-mainframe marriage is celebrating 20 years this month, and while the incongruous mashup—certainly at the beginning anyway—has been a boon for the mainframe, by most accounts it still has plenty of good years ahead of it.
|
||||
|
||||
“For the first five or so years we really were just experimenting with what we could do with Linux and the mainframe but then the server-consolidation movement hit, and we knew we had something big,” said [Ross Mauri][8], the general manager for IBM Z.
|
||||
|
||||
“What really got us going was the big Wall Street financial companies who all had these Sun Solaris servers with big databases, and many decided to consolidate on the Z mainframe running Linux, and we were off and running,” he said.
|
||||
|
||||
[[Get regularly scheduled insights by signing up for Network World newsletters.]][9]
|
||||
|
||||
Another contributing factor in 2000 was Big Blue’s $1B investment in all things Linux, which was a huge move in getting the operating system and open-source software in general into the mainstream business market.
|
||||
|
||||
Since that time there have been numerous milestones in the mainframe’s Linux journey, including the introduction of a standalone box, the LinuxONE, five years ago, which is now at the heart of some of the world’s largest implementations.
|
||||
|
||||
### Red Hat to the rescue
|
||||
|
||||
The next chapter in the mainframe story began last year when [IBM bought Linux powerhouse Red Hat][10] for $34B, tying the massive transactional capacity, security and reliability of the Big Iron with Red Hat Open Shift and Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
IBM has also released Red Hat Ansible Certified Content for IBM Z and launched a new cloud-native development offering, [Wazi Workspaces][11], which lets developers apply industry-standard tools from IBM Z to multi-cloud platforms optimized for OpenShift.
|
||||
|
||||
Combine those moves with all of the open-source mainframe software work going on in the [Linux Foundation’s Open Mainframe Project][12] and customers now have a ton of development options for private or public cloud-based workloads.
|
||||
|
||||
“Clients no longer have to develop and work with proprietary tools, and the zOS is being brought completely into the modern application development world,” Mauri said.
|
||||
|
||||
Gartner recently wrote of that trend: “Now developers, testers, and infrastructure and operations staff have the capability to utilize the same tools which exist in the distributed world. Rocket Software, CA Technologies and IBM are supporting the [Open Mainframe Project Zowe][13], which is making adapting of open-source tools much easier.”
|
||||
|
||||
IBM calls Zowe an open source software framework that lets development and operations teams securely, manage, control, script and develop on the mainframe like any other cloud platform.
|
||||
|
||||
“From application development software, to complex DevOps orchestration engines, these traditional platforms are enjoying a resurgence of relevance in the data center that is making them accessible to all developers and testers. This change significantly reduces the issue of limited and old-fashioned development tools that previously contributed to the impetus to leave traditional platforms,” Gartner stated.
|
||||
|
||||
Going forward Mauri said he expects a number of key technologies will continue to make the mainframe a key cloud and compute player.
|
||||
|
||||
### Confidential Computing
|
||||
|
||||
One of those keys is an overarching security model called Confidential Computing which IBM broadly describes as a way to protect data, applications and processes at scale. It has rolled out a number products that adhere to the Confidential Computing mantra. For example, IBM’s Secure Execution for Linux software lets customers isolate and protect large numbers of workloads from internal and external threats across a hybrid-cloud environment. Other packages let customers bolt-down containerized Kubernetes workloads or Red Hat OpenShift clusters, IBM says.
|
||||
|
||||
There is also a Linux Foundation project, the Confidential Computing Consortium, made up of Alibaba, Arm, Baidu, IBM/Red Hat, Intel, Google Cloud and Microsoft that is pushing the concept industry wide.
|
||||
|
||||
“The organization aims to address data in use, enabling encrypted data to be processed in memory without exposing it to the rest of the system, reducing exposure to sensitive data and providing greater control and transparency for users,” the Consortium says on its website. “This is among the very first industry-wide initiatives to address data in use, as current security approaches largely focus on data at rest or data in transit. The focus of the Confidential Computing Consortium is especially important as companies move more of their workloads to span multiple environments, from on premises to public cloud and to the edge.”
|
||||
|
||||
Mauri says IBM is on its fourth generation of Confidential Computing technology which will keep it out in front of other industry cloud players and give the company a strong security weapon for the foreseeable future.
|
||||
|
||||
“The vulnerability landscape is constantly changing, and organizations can be attacked across their IT systems. Add to that concerns around data privacy and regulations and you’ve got a full plate,” said Terri Cobb, lead alliance partner at Deloitte Consulting. Deloitte recently conducted a survey of business and IT decision makers with Forrester Consulting and found 80% of respondents are focused on modernizing mainframe toolsets in an effort to identify and prevent data breaches, and 73% are increasing their security footprint.
|
||||
|
||||
“Data protection and security are so critical, and mainframes remain one of the most secure and powerful platforms available when the right controls are in place,” Cobb said.
|
||||
|
||||
### Pay per use
|
||||
|
||||
Another direction IBM and the mainframe is moving is toward a more cloud-agile, consumption-based licensing model that lets customers pay only for what they consume, Mauri said. The company rolled out its Tailored Fit Pricing model in 2019 and has upwards of 80 customers onboard so far, Mauri said. It offers two consumption-based pricing models that can help customers cope with ever-changing workload and hence software costs.
|
||||
|
||||
Mauri said IBM expects to make hardware more consumption based in the future.
|
||||
|
||||
Predicting demand for IT services can be a major challenge, and in the era of hybrid and multicloud, everything is connected and workload patterns constantly change, Mauri wrote in a [blog][14] about the new pricing and services in 2019. “In this environment, managing demand for IT services can be a major challenge. As more customers shift to an enterprise IT model that incorporates on-premises, private cloud and public we’ve developed a simple cloud pricing model to drive the transformation forward.”
|
||||
|
||||
### ML/AI opportunities
|
||||
|
||||
Others say technologies such as machine learning and artificial intelligence will also drive future mainframe development.
|
||||
|
||||
“Data insights help drive actionable and profitable results—-but the pool of data is growing at astronomical rates. That’s where AI can make a difference, especially when it’s on a mainframe. Consider the amount of data that resides on a mainframe for an organization in the banking, manufacturing, healthcare, or insurance sectors. You’d never be able to make sense of it all without AI,” said Deloitte’s Cobb. As an example, Cobb said core banking operations can do more than simply execute large volumes of transactions.
|
||||
|
||||
“Banks need deep insights about customer needs, preferences, and intentions to compete effectively, along with speed and agility in sharing and acting on those insights. That’s easier said than done when data is constantly changing. Now if you can analyze data directly on the mainframe, you can get near real-time insights and action. That makes the mainframe an important participant in the AI/ML revolution,” Cobb said.
|
||||
|
||||
The mainframe environment isn’t without challenges going forward.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, there is a [growing market for moving mainframe applications off][15] of the Big Iron and onto cloud services. Large cloud players such as Amazon, Google and Microsoft are also involved in modernizing mainframe applications. For example, Google Cloud in February [bought mainframe cloud-migration service firm Cornerstone Technology][16] with an eye toward helping Big Iron customers move workloads to the private and public cloud. An ecosystem of mainframe modernization service providers such as [Astadia][17], [Asysco][18], [GTSoftware][19], LZLabs, [Micro Focus][20] has also grown up.
|
||||
|
||||
### COBOL coders needed
|
||||
|
||||
Another challenge is finding and developing the right people to cultivate the mainframe environment.
|
||||
|
||||
“It was predicted mainframes would eventually cease to exist so colleges stopped offering courses focused on COBOL and other critical mainframe skills. As Baby Boomers retire, mainframe talent concerns are becoming a reality,” Cobb said.
|
||||
|
||||
Deloitte’s survey found that 71% of respondents said their teams are understaffed, and 93% said its “moderately” to “extremely challenging” to acquire the right mainframe resources and skills, Cobb said.
|
||||
|
||||
“Many large companies are addressing this issue by hiring and developing college recruits, developing a mentoring program, creating an internship, or turning to third parties for support. Mainframes aren’t going anywhere—the talent pool needs to match the demand,” Cobb said.
|
||||
|
||||
While there are challenges in the future, Cobb said the consultancy’s survey showed customers are looking to _increase_ their investment in the mainframe with 91% of respondents identified as expanding their mainframe footprints as a moderate or critical priority in the next 12 months.
|
||||
|
||||
Join the Network World communities on [Facebook][21] and [LinkedIn][22] to comment on topics that are top of mind.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3576290/still-not-dead-the-mainframe-hangs-on-sustained-by-linux-and-hybrid-cloud.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Michael Cooney][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Michael-Cooney/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/2231401/inside-ibm-s-game-changing-mainframe-moments.html
|
||||
[2]: https://www.cio.com/article/3564791/10-professional-organizations-focused-on-diversity-in-tech.html
|
||||
[3]: https://www.cio.com/article/3566069/being-black-in-it-3-tech-leaders-share-their-stories.html
|
||||
[4]: https://www.cio.com/article/3532001/gender-gapped-the-state-of-gender-diversity-in-it.html
|
||||
[5]: https://www.cio.com/article/3566098/maori-participation-in-it-insights-for-cios.html
|
||||
[6]: https://www.computerworld.com/article/3567095/it-snapshot-ethnic-diversity-in-the-tech-industry.html
|
||||
[7]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3429596/ibm-fuses-its-software-with-red-hats-to-launch-hybrid-cloud-juggernaut.html
|
||||
[8]: https://newsroom.ibm.com/Bringing-Linux-to-IBM-Z
|
||||
[9]: https://www.networkworld.com/newsletters/signup.html
|
||||
[10]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3407746/will-ibms-acquisition-be-the-end-of-red-hat.html
|
||||
[11]: https://www.ibm.com/products/wazi-for-red-hat-codeready-workspaces
|
||||
[12]: https://www.openmainframeproject.org/
|
||||
[13]: https://www.openmainframeproject.org/projects/zowe
|
||||
[14]: https://www.ibm.com/blogs/systems/ibm-z-defines-the-future-of-hybrid-cloud/
|
||||
[15]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3567058/options-grow-for-migrating-mainframe-apps-to-the-cloud.html?utm_source=facebook&utm_content=content&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=organic&fbclid=IwAR2JPUEItx11TeSqiIvgr3_HA4YQRv_U7imm4Z4WG-wCuir_WrrE2zmst5o
|
||||
[16]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3528451/google-cloud-moves-to-aid-mainframe-migration.html
|
||||
[17]: https://www.astadia.com/blog/mainframe-migration-to-azure-in-5-steps
|
||||
[18]: https://www.asysco.com/code-transformation/
|
||||
[19]: https://www.gtsoftware.com/services/migration-services/
|
||||
[20]: https://www.microfocus.com/en-us/home
|
||||
[21]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
|
||||
[22]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world
|
||||
@ -1,125 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (What's new with rdiff-backup?)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/9/rdiff-backup-linux)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Patrik Dufresne https://opensource.com/users/patrik-dufresne)
|
||||
|
||||
What's new with rdiff-backup?
|
||||
======
|
||||
The longstanding Linux backup solution's migration to Python 3 opens
|
||||
opportunity to add many new features.
|
||||
![Hand putting a Linux file folder into a drawer][1]
|
||||
|
||||
In March 2020, [rdiff-backup][2] advanced to version 2, 11 years after the last major release. The deprecation of Python 2 at the beginning of 2020 was the impetus for this update, but it gave the development team the opportunity to incorporate other features and benefits.
|
||||
|
||||
For about two decades, rdiff-backup has helped Linux users maintain full backups of their data locally or remotely without needlessly draining resources. This is because the open source solution does reverse incremental backups—backing up only the files that changed from the previous backup.
|
||||
|
||||
The revamp (or, as some are saying, rebirth) came thanks to the efforts of a new, self-organized development team (led by Eric Zolf and Patrik Dufresne from [IKUS Software][3] and Otto Kekäläinen from [Seravo][4]) that put heads and hands together for the benefit of all rdiff-backup users.
|
||||
|
||||
### New features in rdiff-backup
|
||||
|
||||
Along with the migration to Python 3, spearheaded by Eric, the project was migrated to a new, enterprise-free [repository][5] to welcome contributions. The team also incorporated all of the patches submitted over the years, including sparse file support and a fix for hard links.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Automation with Travis CI
|
||||
|
||||
Another huge improvement is the addition of a continuous integration/continuous delivery (CI/CD) pipeline using open source [Travis CI][6]. This permits rdiff-backup testing in various environments, which ensures that changes do not affect the solution's stability. The CI/CD pipeline includes integration of builds and binary distribution for all major platforms.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Easy installation with yum and apt
|
||||
|
||||
The new rdiff-backup solution runs on all major Linux distributions, including Fedora, Red Hat, Elementary, Debian, and many more. Frank and Otto worked arduously to provide open repositories to facilitate access and installation. You can install rdiff-backup using your package manager or follow the [step-by-step instructions][7] on the GitHub project page.
|
||||
|
||||
#### A new home
|
||||
|
||||
The team migrated the website from Savannah to GitHub Pages and is revamping the official [rdiff-backup.net][2] website to include new content and make the look and feel more on point.
|
||||
|
||||
### How to use rdiff-backup
|
||||
|
||||
If you're new to rdiff-backup, you might be surprised by how easy it is to use. A backup solution needs to be non-intimidating so that you feel comfortable with the backup and restoration processes.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Start a backup
|
||||
|
||||
To initiate a backup to a local drive, such as one attached by USB, enter the `rdiff-backup` command followed by the drive you want to back up and the target directory where you want to store the files.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, to back up to a local drive called `my_backup_drive`, enter:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ rdiff-backup /home/tux/ /run/media/tux/my_backup_drive/`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To back up your data to offsite storage, use the remote server's location followed by `::` to point to the backup drive's mount point:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ rdiff-backup /home/tux/ tux@example.com::/my_backup_drive/`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You may need to [set up SSH keys][8] to make this process effortless.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Restore files
|
||||
|
||||
The reason to make backups is that sometimes files go missing. To make recovery as simple as possible, you don't even need rdiff-backup to restore files (although using the `rdiff-backup` command provides some conveniences).
|
||||
|
||||
If you need to get a file from your backup drive, you can just copy it over from the backup drive to your local system using `cp` for a local drive or `scp` for a remote drive.
|
||||
|
||||
For a local drive, use:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ cp _run_media/tux/my_backup_drive/Documents/example.txt \ ~/Documents`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Or for a remote drive:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ scp tux@example.com::/my_backup_drive/Documents/example.txt \ ~/Documents`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
However, using the `rdiff-backup` command provides other options, including the `--restore-as-of` option. This allows you to specify which version of your file you want to rescue.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, suppose you want to rescue a file as it appeared four days ago:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ rdiff-backup --restore-as-of 4D \ /run/media/tux/foo.txt ~/foo_4D.txt`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You can also use `rdiff-backup` to grab the latest version:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ rdiff-backup --restore-as-of now \ /run/media/tux/foo.txt ~/foo_4D.txt`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
It's that easy. Also, rdiff-backup has many other options, e.g., you can exclude files from a list, back up from one remote to another remote, and more, which you can learn about in the [documentation][9].
|
||||
|
||||
### Back it up
|
||||
|
||||
Our development team hopes users will appreciate this revamped open source rdiff-backup solution, which is the culmination of our continuous efforts. We also appreciate our contributors, who truly demonstrate the power of open source.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/9/rdiff-backup-linux
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Patrik Dufresne][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/patrik-dufresne
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/yearbook-haff-rx-linux-file-lead_0.png?itok=-i0NNfDC (Hand putting a Linux file folder into a drawer)
|
||||
[2]: https://rdiff-backup.net/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.ikus-soft.com/en/
|
||||
[4]: https://seravo.fi/english
|
||||
[5]: https://github.com/rdiff-backup/rdiff-backup
|
||||
[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travis_CI
|
||||
[7]: https://github.com/rdiff-backup/rdiff-backup#installation
|
||||
[8]: https://opensource.com/article/20/8/how-ssh
|
||||
[9]: https://rdiff-backup.net/docs/examples.html
|
||||
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,162 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Teach Python with the Mu editor)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/9/teach-python-mu)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Don Watkins https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins)
|
||||
|
||||
Teach Python with the Mu editor
|
||||
======
|
||||
Mu makes it easy to learn how to write Python code.
|
||||
![Hands on a keyboard with a Python book ][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Teaching kids to code is very popular in schools. Many years ago, in the days of the Apple II and [Logo][2] programming, I learned about turtle graphics. I enjoyed learning how to program the virtual turtle and later helping students to do the same.
|
||||
|
||||
About five years ago, I learned about [Python's turtle module][3], and it was the segue to my Python journey. Soon, I started using the turtle module to teach students Python programming basics, including using it to create interesting graphics.
|
||||
|
||||
### Get started with Python's turtle module
|
||||
|
||||
On a Linux or macOS computer, you can just open a terminal, enter the word `python`, and you'll see the Python shell.
|
||||
|
||||
If you are using a Windows computer, you will need to install Python first by going to the Python website and [downloading][4] the latest stable version.
|
||||
|
||||
Next, import the turtle module into Python with `import turtle `or `import turtle as t`. Then you can start having some fun creating turtle graphics.
|
||||
|
||||
### Meet Mu
|
||||
|
||||
In the early days of my Python adventure, I used [IDLE][5], Python's integrated development environment. It was much easier than entering commands into the Python shell, plus I could write and save programs for later use. I took some online courses and read many excellent books about Python programming. I taught teachers and students how to create turtle graphics using IDLE.
|
||||
|
||||
IDLE was a big improvement, but at PyConUS 2019 in Cleveland, I saw a presentation by [Nicholas Tollervey][6] that changed the way I learned and taught Python. Nick is an educator who created [Mu][7], a Python editor specifically for young programmers (and even older ones like me). Mu can be installed on Linux, macOS, and Windows. It's easy to use and comes with excellent [documentation][8] and [tutorials][9].
|
||||
|
||||
On Linux, you can install Mu from the command line.
|
||||
|
||||
On Ubuntu or Debian:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ sudo apt install mu-editor`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
On Fedora or similar:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ sudo dnf install mu`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Or, you can use Python to do the install. First, ensure you have Python 3 installed:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ python --version`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
If that fails, try:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ python3 --version`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Assuming you have Python version 3 or better, install Mu using `pip`, the Python package manager:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ python -m pip install mu-editor --user`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Then you can run Mu from the command line or create a shortcut using:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ python -m pip install shortcut mu-editor --user`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Mu is installed by default on the [Raspberry Pi][10], which is a great plus. In the past couple of years, I have introduced students to the Raspberry Pi and Python programming using the Mu editor.
|
||||
|
||||
### How to teach Python with Mu
|
||||
|
||||
Mu is a great way to show students how easy it is to get started with Python. Here's how I teach my students to start using it.
|
||||
|
||||
1. Open the Mu editor.
|
||||
|
||||
![Mu editor][11]
|
||||
|
||||
(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][12])
|
||||
|
||||
2. Enter `import turtle` to import the Turtle module, so you can get the turtle moving. My first lesson is drawing a simple square in Python code.
|
||||
|
||||
![Mu editor][13]
|
||||
|
||||
(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][12])
|
||||
|
||||
3. Save this program, making sure that the file name ends in .py.
|
||||
|
||||
![Saving program in Mu][14]
|
||||
|
||||
(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][12])
|
||||
|
||||
4. Run the program. Running even a simple program like this is energizing—it's fun to see the graphical output of a program you wrote.
|
||||
|
||||
![Running Python program in Mu][15]
|
||||
|
||||
(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][12])
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Beyond the basics
|
||||
|
||||
After this simple lesson, I explain that there are some ways to simplify and expand on the basics the students have learned. One is creating a simpler turtle object, `import turtle as t`. Then I introduce a `for` loop as another way to draw a square with the turtle.
|
||||
|
||||
![for loops in Python with Mu][16]
|
||||
|
||||
(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][12])
|
||||
|
||||
Next, I show how to create a `my_square` function as another way to draw a square.
|
||||
|
||||
![my_square function][17]
|
||||
|
||||
(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][12])
|
||||
|
||||
Later, I expand on this concept by introducing other turtle module methods, including `penup`, `pendown`, and `pencolor`. Soon, my students are developing more complex programs and iterating on them.
|
||||
|
||||
![Mu editor][18]
|
||||
|
||||
(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][12])
|
||||
|
||||
I am always eager to learn, and I would love to know how you are teaching Python in school or at home. Please share your experience in the comments.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/9/teach-python-mu
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Don Watkins][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/python-programming-code-keyboard.png?itok=fxiSpmnd (Hands on a keyboard with a Python book )
|
||||
[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logo_(programming_language)
|
||||
[3]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/turtle.html
|
||||
[4]: https://www.python.org/downloads/windows/
|
||||
[5]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/idle.html
|
||||
[6]: https://ntoll.org/
|
||||
[7]: https://codewith.mu/en/download
|
||||
[8]: https://codewith.mu/en/howto/
|
||||
[9]: https://codewith.mu/en/tutorials/
|
||||
[10]: https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/mu-python-ide/
|
||||
[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/mu-1_open.png (Mu editor)
|
||||
[12]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||||
[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/mu-2_square.png (Mu editor)
|
||||
[14]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/mu-3_save.png (Saving program in Mu)
|
||||
[15]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/mu-4_run.png (Running Python program in Mu)
|
||||
[16]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/mu-5_for-loop.png (for loops in Python with Mu)
|
||||
[17]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/mu-6_my_square.png (my_square function)
|
||||
[18]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/mu-7_beyond-basics.png (Mu editor)
|
||||
@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Meet eDEX-UI, A Sci-Fi Inspired Linux Terminal Emulator With Some Cool Features)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/edex-ui-sci-fi-terminal/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/)
|
||||
|
||||
Meet eDEX-UI, A Sci-Fi Inspired Linux Terminal Emulator With Some Cool Features
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
**_Brief: eDEX-UI is a cool sci-fi inspired terminal emulator that looks cool with a bunch of options like system monitoring. Here, we take a quick look at what it offers_.**
|
||||
|
||||
You probably already know [plenty of fun Linux commands][1]. You know what else can be fun when it comes to Linux command line? The terminal itself.
|
||||
|
||||
Yes, the terminal emulator (commonly known as terminal) can be pretty amusing as well. Remember the [Cool Retro Term terminal that gives you a vintage terminal][2] of 80s and early 90s?
|
||||
|
||||
How about an eye candy terminal that is heavily inspired from the [TRON Legacy][3] movie effects?
|
||||
|
||||
In this article, let’s take a look at an amazing cross-platform terminal emulator that can keep you drooling over your terminal!
|
||||
|
||||
### eDEX-UI: A Cool Terminal Emulator
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
[eDEX-UI][5] is an open-source cross-platform terminal emulator that presents you with a Sci-Fi inspired look along with useful some features as well.
|
||||
|
||||
It was originally inspired from the [DEX UI][6] project which is no longer maintained.
|
||||
|
||||
Even though eDEX-UI is more about the looks and the futuristic theme for a terminal, it could double up as a [system monitoring tool for Linux][7]. How? Because it shows system stats in the sidebar while you work in the terminal. In fact, the developer mentions that he aims to improve it as a usable sysadmin tool.
|
||||
|
||||
Let’s take a look at what else it offers and how to get it installed on your computer.
|
||||
|
||||
### Features of eDEX-UI
|
||||
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
eDEX-UI is essentially a terminal emulator. You can use it like your regular terminal for running commands and whatever else you do in the terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
It runs in full screen with sidebars and bottom panels to monitor system and networks stats. There is also a virtual keyboard for touch devices.
|
||||
|
||||
I made a short video and I suggest watching this video to see this cool terminal emulator in action. **Play the video with sound** for the complete effect (trust me on this).
|
||||
|
||||
[Subscribe to our YouTube channel for more Linux videos][9]
|
||||
|
||||
eDEX-UI has a directory viewer on the left bottom side.
|
||||
|
||||
* Multiple tabs
|
||||
* Support for curses
|
||||
* Directory viewer to show the contents of the current working directory
|
||||
* Displays system information that includes Motherboard info, Network status, IP, network bandwidth used, CPU usage, temperature of the CPU, RAM usage, and so on
|
||||
* Customization options to change the theme, keyboard layout, CSS injection
|
||||
* Optional sound effect to give you a hacking vibe
|
||||
* Cross-platform support (Windows, macOS, and Linux)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Installing eDEX on Linux
|
||||
|
||||
![eDEX-UI with Matrix theme][10]
|
||||
|
||||
As mentioned, it supports all the major platforms that includes Windows, macOS, and of course, Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
To install it on any Linux distribution, you can either grab the AppImage file from its [GitHub releases section][11] or find it in one of the [available repositories][12] that include [AUR][13] as well.
|
||||
|
||||
In case you didn’t know, I’d recommend going through our guide on [using AppImage in Linux][14].
|
||||
|
||||
You can visit the project on its GitHub page and if you like it, feel free to star their repository.
|
||||
|
||||
[eDEX-UI][5]
|
||||
|
||||
### My experience with eDEX-UI
|
||||
|
||||
I liked this terminal emulator because of the sci-fi inspired look. However, I found it pretty heavy on the system resources. I didn’t [check the CPU temperature on my Linux system][15] but the CPU consumption was surely high.
|
||||
|
||||
So, you might have to take care about that if you need it running it in the background or in a separate workspace (like I do). Apart from that, it’s an impressive tool with useful options like directory viewer and system resource monitoring.
|
||||
|
||||
By the way, if you just want to entertain guests and children with a [hacking simulation, try Hollywood tool][16].
|
||||
|
||||
What do you think about eDEX-UI? Is it something you would like to give a try or is too kiddish/overwhelming for you?
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/edex-ui-sci-fi-terminal/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/funny-linux-commands/
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/cool-retro-term/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1104001/
|
||||
[4]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/edex-ui-hacking-terminal.jpg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
[5]: https://github.com/GitSquared/edex-ui
|
||||
[6]: https://github.com/seenaburns/dex-ui
|
||||
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/linux-system-monitoring-tools/
|
||||
[8]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/edex-ui-screenshot-1.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
[9]: https://www.youtube.com/c/itsfoss?sub_confirmation=1
|
||||
[10]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/edex-ui-screenshot.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
[11]: https://github.com/GitSquared/edex-ui/releases
|
||||
[12]: https://repology.org/project/edex-ui/versions
|
||||
[13]: https://itsfoss.com/aur-arch-linux/
|
||||
[14]: https://itsfoss.com/use-appimage-linux/
|
||||
[15]: https://itsfoss.com/check-laptop-cpu-temperature-ubuntu/
|
||||
[16]: https://itsfoss.com/hollywood-hacker-screen/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Manage knowledge with BlueSpice, an open source alternative to Confluence)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/9/bluespice)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Martin Loschwitz https://opensource.com/users/martinloschwitzorg)
|
||||
|
||||
Manage knowledge with BlueSpice, an open source alternative to Confluence
|
||||
======
|
||||
BlueSpice is based on Wikipedia's MediaWiki but its features go far
|
||||
beyond its noble ancestor.
|
||||
![Digital images of a computer desktop][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Knowledge management is a key to success in modern enterprises—but it is not exactly easy to achieve. Keeping track of all relevant details across all employees is a huge challenge, especially in agile environments, which most companies say they are.
|
||||
|
||||
Most companies resort to buying wiki-like solutions, such as Confluence from Atlassian, which exposes them to the lock-in effect of proprietary software. But many would do well to consider [BlueSpice][2], an open source alternative to Atlassian Confluence that has a noble ancestry: it's based on Wikipedia's [MediaWiki][3].
|
||||
|
||||
### Basic and advanced features
|
||||
|
||||
![BlueSpice][4]
|
||||
|
||||
(Markus Feilner, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
|
||||
|
||||
For a wiki-like software to become a full-featured knowledge management system in an enterprise environment, it needs a lot of features. The ability to create documents is only one of them; the knowledge in them must be structured in a way that makes it easy for users to find the information they are looking for.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition, most companies have complex compliance rulesets that knowledge-management software must adhere to. Confluence has gained a lot of attention because it is particularly good on these items. But BlueSpice doesn't have anything to hide.
|
||||
|
||||
### Structural differences
|
||||
|
||||
A quick overview reveals that BlueSpice has a fundamentally different way of organizing itself internally than Confluence. Confluence's internal structure is based on Spaces—topic-specific, separate sub-units of a Confluence installation. Typically, individual teams in an organization get their own Spaces.
|
||||
|
||||
![BlueSpice Namespaces][6]
|
||||
|
||||
(Markus Feilner, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
|
||||
|
||||
Instead, BlueSpice follows MediaWiki's principle of Namespaces. A Namespace is specific for a certain kind of file, like images or audio files or blog posts, which are put into a distinct Namespace to separate them from the other content. BlueSpice also allows users to define content categories so that every page in the wiki can belong to multiple different categories. In stark contrast to Confluence, the typical data siloing that happens almost automatically in Confluence (due to its Spaces design) doesn't happen in BlueSpace. Small wiki installation users may not notice major differences. But in large environments, users will certainly notice a difference: Content is likely easier to find in BlueSpice than it would be in a wiki scattered into small spaces.
|
||||
|
||||
[BlueSpice Farm][7] is a subscription-based upgrade to the Free version that offers a nice feature for people migrating away from Confluence to BlueSpice. The Farm version allows multiple BlueSpice wikis to be connected to each other, effectively making them work like Spaces in Confluence. This will dramatically ease the burden of getting used to a new approach.
|
||||
|
||||
### Search engine
|
||||
|
||||
![BlueSpice search][8]
|
||||
|
||||
(Markus Feilner, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
|
||||
|
||||
BlueSpice's search function is powered by [ElasticSearch][9] in the background and, just like Confluence, it displays search results while the user is typing in the search term. ElasticSearch may impose some serious hardware requirements for the machine hosting the wiki, but the user benefits from having a truly open source search engine maintained by a vivid community. Also, just like in Confluence, users can narrow down their results while searching by specifying parameters such as a specific kind of result or author.
|
||||
|
||||
### Compliance
|
||||
|
||||
Confluence comes with a large set of compliance-related functionalities. Core features include connections to existing user directories, revision-proof content storage, and risk-assessment tools. BlueSpice mimics a lot of these features. The way certain features are implemented varies because of the different internal organizational structure BlueSpice uses.
|
||||
|
||||
First things first: BlueSpice not only _supports_ connections to existing user directories, including Active Directory or LDAP, it actually _requires_ using groups from these directories. Once it's connected to a central user directory, all authentication and authorization details must come out of that directory.
|
||||
|
||||
Regular Wikipedia users know about the ability to access every page's history. As a MediaWiki descendant, BlueSpice inherits that page-history feature. At any point in time, you can see the different revisions of a page and also identify the person who made each change to a page. Relevant pages can be monitored for changes, and reports can be generated on the changes over a specific period of time—a feature that helps keep auditors happy.
|
||||
|
||||
### WYSIWYG editor
|
||||
|
||||
![BlueSpice WYSIWYG editor][10]
|
||||
|
||||
(Markus Feilner, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
|
||||
|
||||
Central knowledge-management systems are not used only by geeks who speak markup languages; even non-technical staff must be able to use the system in an easy and concise way. While BlueSpice supports the usual [Wikipedia markup][11] editor, it also offers a WYSIWYG-like experience called VisualEditor. Its buttons and formatting tools will remind many people of familiar interfaces from tools such as LibreOffice.
|
||||
|
||||
### Extensions
|
||||
|
||||
Confluence users love the ability to extend the tool with external plugins. BlueSpice offers a similar capability through access to MediaWiki extensions. While BlueSpice doesn't have its own extension store just yet, it can easily use roughly 150 MediaWiki extensions for graphical highlighting, gaming, analytical functions, and more.
|
||||
|
||||
### Branding
|
||||
|
||||
A lot of companies want their central knowledge-management system to resemble the company's branding since it is a central place for employees. Given that MediaWiki is considered to have a rather conservative look and feel, you might wonder about adapting BlueSpice to corporate identity and corporate design requirements. Like Confluence, BlueSpice can be almost completely adapted to a company's brand standards and design requirements. While both Confluence and BlueSpice maintain a basic page structure, you can adjust central design elements such as headers, fonts, and the like. When it's done right, a BlueSpice theme will hardly remind users of MediaWiki at all.
|
||||
|
||||
### BlueSpice advantages
|
||||
|
||||
There are some areas where BlueSpice is superior to Confluence. For instance, many organizations need revision-proof tracking of changes in their central knowledge system for compliance reasons. This feature is built into BlueSpice, while achieving similar functionality in Confluence requires an extension. BlueSpice also comes with MediaWiki's Semantics extension built-in, effectively allowing users to query wiki pages for certain keywords. And last but not least, BlueSpice's Book extension can natively integrate manuals, product documentation, or other book contents into its contents.
|
||||
|
||||
### Open source license
|
||||
|
||||
Confluence has earned its merits for helping many companies introduce a central knowledge store in the form of wiki software. For open source enthusiasts, the software's proprietary nature might raise a red flag.
|
||||
|
||||
BlueSpice is a functional open source alternative to Confluence based on the well-proven MediaWiki software. It provides similar functionality while maintaining MediaWiki's open license. All features relevant for small and large enterprises are in BlueSpice. Organizations planning to introduce a centralized knowledge-management system might find BlueSpice to be a good alternative to its famous commercial competitor.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/9/bluespice
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Martin Loschwitz][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/martinloschwitzorg
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/computer_desk_home_laptop_browser.png?itok=Y3UVpY0l (Digital images of a computer desktop)
|
||||
[2]: https://bluespice.com/products/bluespice-free
|
||||
[3]: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/bluespice_math-formula.jpg (BlueSpice)
|
||||
[5]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||||
[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/bluespice_organizationchart.jpg (BlueSpice Namespaces)
|
||||
[7]: https://bluespice.com/products/bluespice-farm/
|
||||
[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/bluespice_search_fulltext.jpg (BlueSpice search)
|
||||
[9]: https://www.elastic.co/elasticsearch/
|
||||
[10]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/bluespice_editor-2.jpg (BlueSpice WYSIWYG editor)
|
||||
[11]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Rosetta@home: Help the Fight Against COVID-19 With Your Linux System)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/boinc-setup/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Dimitrios Savvopoulos https://itsfoss.com/author/dimitrios/)
|
||||
|
||||
Rosetta@home: Help the Fight Against COVID-19 With Your Linux System
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
Want to contribute to the research on coronavirus? You don’t necessarily have to be a scientist for this. You may contribute with part of your computer’s computing power thanks to Rosetta@home project.
|
||||
|
||||
Sounds interesting? Let me share more details on it.
|
||||
|
||||
### What is Rosetta@home?
|
||||
|
||||
Rosetta@home is a [distributed computing][2] project for protein structure prediction, based at the Baker laboratory at the University of Washington and running on the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) open source platform, which was originally developed to support the [Rosetta@home][3].
|
||||
|
||||
**Not enough computing power? Utilize the power of distributed computing**
|
||||
|
||||
To predict and design the structures of naturally occurring proteins is very computationally intensive. To speed up the process, [Dr. David Becker][4] had filled the entire lab and the hallway with desktop computers. Then they started getting complaints of heating up the building, but still didn’t have enough computing power to accurately predict and design protein structures.
|
||||
|
||||
**How does Rosetta@home work?**
|
||||
|
||||
Rosetta@home uses idle computer processing power from volunteers’ computers to perform calculations on individual work units. When a requested task is being completed, the client sends the results to a central project server where they are validated and incorporated into project databases.
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
As of 28th March 2020 the computing power of Rosetta@home has been increased up to 1.7 PetaFlops, due to the recently joined users looking to participate in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Thanks to that, **On 26th June 2020, Rosetta@home researchers announced they had created antiviral proteins that neutralized SARS-CoV-2 in the lab.**
|
||||
|
||||
Is BOINC platform safe?
|
||||
|
||||
After few years of operation on millions of systems, there have been no security incidents reported due to BOINC. This fact doesn’t mean that there is no possibility of a security risks.
|
||||
|
||||
BOINC uses a mechanism called **code signing**, based on _public-key cryptography_, that eliminates the vulnerability, as long as projects use proper practice. Each project has a code-signing key pair consisting of a public key and a private key which is used to create “signatures” for programs. The BOINC client will only run programs with valid signatures.
|
||||
|
||||
Projects are instructed to keep the private key only on a computer that is permanently offline to create signatures. Therefore hackers cannot trick BOINC into running malware.
|
||||
|
||||
Most BOINC projects follow these practices. If you’re concerned about security, you should attach to a project only if you know it follows the code-signing procedure correctly. If in doubt, you may ask project administrators to describe how they do code signing.
|
||||
|
||||
### Contributing to Rosetta@home with BOINC platform
|
||||
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
If you are interested in contributing to the scientific research by donating some computing power, you’ll find rest of this article helpful.
|
||||
|
||||
I’ll discuss the following:
|
||||
|
||||
* Prerequisite for joining BOINC platform
|
||||
* Using BOINC platform to donate computing power to a project of your choice via your desktop Linux
|
||||
* Using Raspberry Pi to run BOINC all the time
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### System Requirements of the BOINC platform
|
||||
|
||||
The BOINC distributed computing platform with which you can access Rosetta@home is available on a 64bit operating system such as Windows, Linux, and macOS and FreeBSD.
|
||||
|
||||
You will need a CPU of at least 500 MHz, 200 megabytes of free disk space, 512 megabytes of RAM, and Internet connectivity.
|
||||
|
||||
**The more CPU cores your system has, the more RAM is required as a work unit will “feed” each core.**
|
||||
|
||||
#### Create a user account on BOINC platform
|
||||
|
||||
Before you configure the BOINC platform, [create an account][7] using your computer. If you will use a Raspberry Pi, you can join the “crunch-on-arm” team.
|
||||
|
||||
**Please note that the same account can be used to multiple machines at a time. All of your machines will appear on your account.**
|
||||
|
||||
#### **Install BOINC platform** on various Linux distributions
|
||||
|
||||
BOINC application has the following element:
|
||||
|
||||
* boinc-client (daemon that runs the platform)
|
||||
* boinctui: terminal based interface for selecting projects and other settings
|
||||
* boinc-manager: GUI-based interface for selecting projects and other settings
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
If you are using a server, you should install boinctui. If you are using Linux desktop, you can opt for boinc-manager.
|
||||
|
||||
I’ll stick with the GUI tool in this part of the tutorial.
|
||||
|
||||
**On Debian/Ubuntu**
|
||||
|
||||
BOINC tools are available in the universe repository in Ubuntu 20.04 so make sure that you have [universe repository enabled on your Ubuntu system][8].
|
||||
|
||||
Use the following commands to install it:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt install boinc-client boinc-manager
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Install BOINC on Fedora
|
||||
|
||||
Open a terminal and enter the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo dnf install boinc-client boinc-manager
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Install BOINC on RedHat/CentOS
|
||||
|
||||
First, make sure that the EPEL repository is enabled, by running following command on a terminal:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo yum install epel-release
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You can now install the necessary packages:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo yum install boinc-client boinc-manager
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Open the BOINC manager and add a project
|
||||
|
||||
After installing, open BOINC manager. You will be asked to add a project and to create an account or login to an existing.
|
||||
|
||||
![][9]
|
||||
|
||||
Add your credentials and click finish when prompted.
|
||||
|
||||
![][10]
|
||||
|
||||
After a few minutes, the status will change to running.
|
||||
|
||||
![][11]
|
||||
|
||||
You don’t need to worry if your system resources will be consumed when you want to use your computer. **By default, if the BOINC manager notices that the user needs more than the 25% of CPU resources, the BOINC computation will be suspended.**
|
||||
|
||||
If you want the application to be suspended at a lower or higher CPU usage, you can change your profile settings on the website where you created your account.
|
||||
|
||||
### Rosetta@home on a Raspberry Pi 4
|
||||
|
||||
An ideal device to run 24/7 the Rosetta@home application is a Raspberry Pi, which is powerful enough and with very low power consumption.
|
||||
|
||||
To fight COVID-19 using a Raspberry Pi 4, you need a model with 2 GB RAM or more. My personal recommendation is the 4 GB RAM option, because with my 2 GB model one of the cores is idling as it is running out of memory.
|
||||
|
||||
#### **Step 1: Install Ubuntu Server** (Recommended)
|
||||
|
||||
You need to have some [operating system on your Raspberry Pi][12]. [Installing Ubuntu server on Raspberry Pi][13] is one of the most convenient choices.
|
||||
|
||||
#### **Step 2: Install BOINC platform**
|
||||
|
||||
To install the BOINC client and the command line management interface run the following command on server running on the Raspberry Pi.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt install boinc-client boinctui
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Additional steps for Raspberry Pi 2 GB model**
|
||||
|
||||
Your account by default is set to utilize 90% of the memory when the user is idling. The Rosetta work units require 1.9gb of memory to run on the Quad core Raspberry Pi, so there is a possibility for the client not be able to start due to the initial reading. If the Raspberry Pi runs out of memory, it will suspend one of the 4 running tasks as mentioned earlier. To override the 1.9gb threshold add the following lines to the location below:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo nano /var/lib/boinc-client/global_prefs_override.xml
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Add now these lines**
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
<global_preferences>
|
||||
<ram_max_used_busy_pct>100.000000</ram_max_used_busy_pct>
|
||||
<ram_max_used_idle_pct>100.000000</ram_max_used_idle_pct>
|
||||
<cpu_usage_limit>100.000000</cpu_usage_limit>
|
||||
</global_preferences>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![][14]
|
||||
|
||||
This setting will increase the default memory available to Rosetta to the maximum amount of memory on the board.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 3: Add Rosetta@home project
|
||||
|
||||
On your Raspberry Pi command line type ‘boinctui’ and click enter to load the terminal GUI.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
boinctui
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Press **F9** on the keyboard, to bring down the menu choices. Use the arrow keys to go to Projects and press Enter.
|
||||
|
||||
You may notice a few available projects to choose from but if you are interested to actively support the fight against COVID-19 choose Rosetta. You will be prompted to either create a user account or to use an existing account.
|
||||
|
||||
Select “Existing User” and the enter the credentials you created on the website at the initial step. As you can see, I have already selected the Rosetta project.
|
||||
|
||||
![][15]
|
||||
|
||||
It will take a moment to download the work units, and then automatically it will start crunching data on your Raspberry Pi 4!
|
||||
|
||||
#### Conclusion
|
||||
|
||||
_**If you want to stop using BOINC, simply delete the boinc packages you installed earlier. I believe you know how to use your distribution’s package manager for removing software.**_
|
||||
|
||||
One of the benefits of distributing computing is to allow user’s to donate their system resources for the common good. Despite the grief the pandemic has spread worldwide, it can make us also to realize the necessity of volunteering in one way or the other.
|
||||
|
||||
If you ever wondered about a [good use of your Raspberry Pi][16], Rosetta@home can be included to the list.
|
||||
|
||||
Let us know at the comments below if you started “cruching” and which platform you chose. Stay safe!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/boinc-setup/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Dimitrios Savvopoulos][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/dimitrios/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection
|
||||
[2]: https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/d/distribs.htm
|
||||
[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SETI@home
|
||||
[4]: https://www.ipd.uw.edu/people/ipd-faculty-staff/david-baker/
|
||||
[5]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/rosetta-sharing-example.jpg?resize=780%2C278&ssl=1
|
||||
[6]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/rosetta-home-linux.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
[7]: http://boinc.bakerlab.org
|
||||
[8]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-repositories/
|
||||
[9]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/boinc-manager.png?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1
|
||||
[10]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/boinc-credentials.png?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1
|
||||
[11]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/boinc-manager-running.png?resize=800%2C800&ssl=1
|
||||
[12]: https://itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-os/
|
||||
[13]: https://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu-server-raspberry-pi/
|
||||
[14]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/rosetta-settings-local-override.png?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1
|
||||
[15]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/rosetta-add-project.png?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1
|
||||
[16]: https://itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-projects/
|
||||
124
translated/tech/20200917 What-s new with rdiff-backup.md
Normal file
124
translated/tech/20200917 What-s new with rdiff-backup.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (What's new with rdiff-backup?)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/9/rdiff-backup-linux)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Patrik Dufresne https://opensource.com/users/patrik-dufresne)
|
||||
|
||||
rdiff-backup 有什么新功能？
|
||||
======
|
||||
长期的 Linux 备份方案向 Python 3 的迁移为添加许多新功能提供了机会。
|
||||
![Hand putting a Linux file folder into a drawer][1]
|
||||
|
||||
2020 年 3 月，[rdiff-backup][2] 升级到了 2.0 版，这距离上一个主要版本已经过去了 11 年。2020 年初 Python 2 的废弃是这次更新的动力，但它为开发团队提供了整合其他功能和优势的机会。
|
||||
|
||||
大约二十年来，rdiff-backup 帮助 Linux 用户在本地或远程维护他们的数据的完整备份，而无需无谓地消耗资源。这是因为这个开源解决方案可以进行反向增量备份，只备份从上一次备份中改变的文件。
|
||||
|
||||
改版(或说，重生)得益于一个新的、自组织的开发团队（由来自 [IKUS Software][3] 的 Eric Zolf 和 Patrik Dufresne 领导，以及来自 [Seravo][4]的 Otto Kekäläinen 领导）的努力，为了所有 rdiff-backup 用户的利益，他们齐心协力。
|
||||
|
||||
### rdiff-backup 的新功能
|
||||
|
||||
在 Eric 的带领下，随着向 Python 3 的迁移，项目被迁移到了一个新的、不受企业限制的[仓库][5]，以欢迎贡献。团队还整合了多年来提交的所有补丁，包括稀疏文件支持和硬链接的修复。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 用 Travis CI 实现自动化
|
||||
|
||||
另一个巨大的改进是增加了一个使用开源 [Travis CI][6] 的持续集成/持续交付 （CI/CD） 管道。这允许在各种环境下测试 rdiff-backup，从而确保变化不会影响方案的稳定性。CI/CD 管道包括集成所有主要平台的构建和二进制发布。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 使用 yum 和 apt 轻松安装
|
||||
|
||||
新的 rdiff-backup 解决方案可以运行在所有主流的 Linux 发行版上，包括 Fedora、Red Hat、Elementary、Debian 等。Frank 和 Otto 付出了艰辛的努力，提供了开放仓库以方便访问和安装。你可以使用你的软件包管理器安装 rdiff-backup，或者按照 GitHub 项目页面上的[分步说明][7]进行安装。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 新的主页
|
||||
|
||||
团队将网站从 Savannah 迁移到了 GitHub Pages，并对 [rdiff-backup.net][2] 官网进行了改版，加入了新的内容，让外观和感觉更加到位。
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何使用 rdiff-backup
|
||||
|
||||
如果你是 rdiff-backup 的新手，你可能会对它的易用性感到惊讶。一个备份方案需要让你对备份和恢复过程感到舒适，而不是吓人。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 开始备份
|
||||
|
||||
要开始备份到本地驱动器，例如通过 USB 连接的驱动器，输入 `rdiff-backup` 命令，然后输入要备份的驱动器和要存储文件的目标目录。
|
||||
|
||||
例如，要备份到名为 `my_backup_drive` 的本地驱动器，请输入：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ rdiff-backup /home/tux/ /run/media/tux/my_backup_drive/`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
要将数据备份到异地存储，请使用远程服务器的位置，并在 `::` 后面指向备份驱动器的挂载点：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ rdiff-backup /home/tux/ tux@example.com::/my_backup_drive/`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
你可能需要[设置 SSH 密钥][8]来使这个过程不费力。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 还原文件
|
||||
|
||||
做备份的原因是有时文件会丢失。为了使恢复尽可能简单，你甚至不需要 rdiff-backup 来恢复文件（虽然使用 `rdiff-backup` 命令提供了一些方便）。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你需要从备份驱动器中获取一个文件，你可以使用 `cp` 将其从备份驱动器复制到本地系统，或者对于远程驱动器使用 `scp` 命令。
|
||||
|
||||
对于本地驱动器，使用：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ cp _run_media/tux/my_backup_drive/Documents/example.txt \ ~/Documents`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
或者用于远程驱动器：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ scp tux@example.com::/my_backup_drive/Documents/example.txt \ ~/Documents`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
然而，使用 `rdiff-backup` 命令提供了其他选项，包括 `--restore-as-of`。这允许你指定你要恢复的文件的哪个版本。
|
||||
|
||||
例如，假设你想恢复一个文件在四天前的版本：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ rdiff-backup --restore-as-of 4D \ /run/media/tux/foo.txt ~/foo_4D.txt`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
你也可以用 `rdiff-backup` 来获取最新版本：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ rdiff-backup --restore-as-of now \ /run/media/tux/foo.txt ~/foo_4D.txt`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
就是这么简单。另外，rdiff-backup 还有很多其他选项，例如，你可以从列表中排除文件，从一个远程备份到另一个远程等等，这些你可以在[文档][9]中了解。
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结
|
||||
|
||||
我们的开发团队希望用户能够喜欢这个改版后的开源 rdiff-backup 方案，这是我们不断努力的结晶。我们也感谢我们的贡献者，他们真正展示了开源的力量。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/9/rdiff-backup-linux
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Patrik Dufresne][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/patrik-dufresne
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/yearbook-haff-rx-linux-file-lead_0.png?itok=-i0NNfDC (Hand putting a Linux file folder into a drawer)
|
||||
[2]: https://rdiff-backup.net/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.ikus-soft.com/en/
|
||||
[4]: https://seravo.fi/english
|
||||
[5]: https://github.com/rdiff-backup/rdiff-backup
|
||||
[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travis_CI
|
||||
[7]: https://github.com/rdiff-backup/rdiff-backup#installation
|
||||
[8]: https://opensource.com/article/20/8/how-ssh
|
||||
[9]: https://rdiff-backup.net/docs/examples.html
|
||||
@ -7,16 +7,16 @@
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/fix-repository-not-valid-yet-error-ubuntu/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/)
|
||||
|
||||
How to Fix “Repository is not valid yet” Error in Ubuntu Linux
|
||||
如何修复 Ubuntu Linux中 的 ”Repository is not valid yet“ 错误
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
I recently [installed Ubuntu server on my Raspberry Pi][1]. I [connected it to the Wi-Fi from Ubuntu terminal][2] and went about doing what I do after installing any Linux system which is to update the system.
|
||||
我最近[在我的树莓派上安装了 Ubuntu 服务器][1]。我[在 Ubuntu 终端连接上了 Wi-Fi][2]，然后做了我在安装任何 Linux 系统后都会做的事情，那就是更新系统。
|
||||
|
||||
When I used the ‘sudo apt update’ command, it gave me an error which was kind of unique to me. It complained that release file for the repository was invalid for a certain time period.
|
||||
当我使用 ”sudo apt update“ 命令时，它给了一个对我而言特别的错误。它报出仓库的发布文件在某个时间段内无效。
|
||||
|
||||
**E: Release file for <http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/focal-security/InRelease> is not valid yet (invalid for another 159d 15h 20min 52s). Updates for this repository will not be applied.**
|
||||
|
||||
Here’s the complete output:
|
||||
下面是完整输出：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[email protected]:~$ sudo apt update
|
||||
@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ E: Release file for http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/focal-backports/I
|
||||
E: Release file for http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/focal-security/InRelease is not valid yet (invalid for another 159d 15h 20min 52s). Updates for this repository will not be applied.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Fixing “release file is not valid yet” error in Ubuntu and other Linux distributions
|
||||
### 修复 Ubuntu 和其他 Linux 发行版中 ”release file is not valid yet“ 的错误。
|
||||
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
The reason for the error is the difference in the time on the system and the time in real world.
|
||||
错误的原因是系统上的时间和现实世界的时间不同。
|
||||
|
||||
You see, every repository file is signed on some date and you can see this information by viewing the release file:
|
||||
你看，每个仓库文件都是在某个日期签名的，你可以通过查看发布文件信息了解：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo head /var/lib/apt/lists/ports.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_InRelease
|
||||
@ -53,29 +53,29 @@ Date: Thu, 23 Apr 2020 17:33:17 UTC
|
||||
Architectures: amd64 arm64 armhf i386 ppc64el riscv64 s390x
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Now, for some reasons, the time on my Ubuntu server was in the past and this is why Ubuntu complained that the release file is not valid yet for X many days.
|
||||
现在，由于某些原因，我的 Ubuntu 服务器上的时间是过去时间，这也是为什么 Ubuntu 报出发布文件已经无效 X 天的原因。
|
||||
|
||||
If you are connected to the internet, you may **wait a few minutes for your system to synchronize the time**.
|
||||
如果你连接到了互联网，你可以**等待几分钟让系统同步时间**。
|
||||
|
||||
If it doesn’t work, you may force the system to use local time as real time clock (hardware clock):
|
||||
如果不行，你可以强制系统使用本地时间作为实时时钟（硬件时钟）：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo timedatectl set-local-rtc 1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The timedatectl command enables you to configure time, date and [change timezone on Linux][4].
|
||||
timedatectl 命令可以让你在 Linux 上配置时间、日期和[更改时区][4]。
|
||||
|
||||
You shouldn’t need to restart. It works immediately and you can verify it by [updating your Ubuntu system][5] again.
|
||||
你应该不需要重新启动。它可以立即工作，你可以通过[更新你的 Ubuntu 系统][5]再次验证它。
|
||||
|
||||
If the problem is solved, you may set the [real time clock][6] to use UTC (as recommended by Ubuntu).
|
||||
如果问题解决了，你可以将[实时时钟][6]设置为使用 UTC（Ubuntu 推荐的）。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo timedatectl set-local-rtc 0
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Did it fix the issue for you?**
|
||||
**是否为你解决了这个问题？**
|
||||
|
||||
I hope this quick tip helped you to fix this error. If you are still facing the issue, let me know in the comment section and I’ll try to help you out.
|
||||
我希望这个提示能帮助你解决这个错误。如果你仍然遇到这个问题，请在评论栏告诉我，我会尽力帮助你。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/fix-repository-not-valid-yet-error-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
162
translated/tech/20200921 Teach Python with the Mu editor.md
Normal file
162
translated/tech/20200921 Teach Python with the Mu editor.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Teach Python with the Mu editor)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/9/teach-python-mu)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Don Watkins https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins)
|
||||
|
||||
使用 Mu 编辑器教授 Python
|
||||
======
|
||||
Mu 让你轻松学会如何编写 Python 代码。
|
||||
![Hands on a keyboard with a Python book ][1]
|
||||
|
||||
在学校里，教孩子们编程是非常流行的。很多年前，在 Apple II 和 [Logo][2] 编程的年代，我学会了乌龟图案。我很喜欢学习如何对虚拟乌龟进行编程，后来也帮助学生进行编程。
|
||||
|
||||
大约五年前，我了解了 [Python 的 turtle 模块][3]，这是我 Python 之旅的转折点。很快，我开始使用 turtle 模块来教学生 Python 编程基础，包括使用它来创建有趣的图形。
|
||||
|
||||
### 开始使用 Python 的 turtle 模块
|
||||
|
||||
在 Linux 或 macOS 电脑上，你只需打开一个终端，输入 `python`，你就会看到 Python shell。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你使用的是 Windows 电脑，则需要先安装 Python，到 Python 网站上[下载][4]最新的稳定版。
|
||||
|
||||
接下来，用 `import turtle ` 或 `import turtle as t` 将 turtle 模块导入 Python 中。然后你就可以开始享受创建乌龟图案的乐趣了。
|
||||
|
||||
### 认识一下 Mu
|
||||
|
||||
在我的 Python 冒险的早期，我使用了 [IDLE][5]，它是 Python 的集成开发环境。它比在 Python shell 中输入命令要容易得多，而且我可以编写和保存程序供以后使用。我参加了一些在线课程，阅读了许多关于 Python 编程的优秀书籍。我教老师和学生如何使用 IDLE 创建乌龟图案。
|
||||
|
||||
IDLE 是一个很大的改进，但在克利夫兰的 PyConUS 2019 上，我看到了 [Nicholas Tollervey][6]的演讲，这改变了我学习和教授 Python 的方式。Nick 是一位教育家，他创建了 [Mu][7]，一个专门为年轻程序员（甚至像我这样的老程序员）设计的 Python 编辑器。Mu 可以安装在 Linux、macOS 和 Windows 上。它很容易使用，并且附带了优秀的[文档][8]和[教程][9]。
|
||||
|
||||
在 Linux 上，你可以通过命令行安装 Mu。
|
||||
|
||||
在 Ubuntu 或 Debian 上：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ sudo apt install mu-editor`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在 Fedora 或类似的地方：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ sudo dnf install mu`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
或者，你可以使用 Python 来进行安装。首先，确保你已经安装了 Python 3：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ python --version`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
如果失败了，就试试：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ python3 --version`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
假设你有 Python 3 或更高版本，使用 Python 包管理器 `pip` 安装 Mu。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ python -m pip install mu-editor --user`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
然后你可以从命令行运行 Mu，或者创建一个快捷方式：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ python -m pip install shortcut mu-editor --user`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Mu 默认安装在[树莓派][10]上，这是一个很大的优点。在过去的几年里，我已经向学生介绍了树莓派和使用 Mu 编辑器的 Python 编程。
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何用 Mu 教授 Python
|
||||
|
||||
Mu 是向学生展示 Python 入门的好方法。下面是我如何教学生开始使用它。
|
||||
|
||||
1. 打开Mu编辑器。
|
||||
|
||||
![Mu editor][11]
|
||||
|
||||
(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][12])
|
||||
|
||||
2. 输入 `import turtle` 导入 Turtle 模块，就可以让乌龟动起来了。我的第一课是用 Python 代码画一个简单的正方形。
|
||||
|
||||
![Mu editor][13]
|
||||
|
||||
(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][12])
|
||||
|
||||
3. 保存这个程序，确保文件名以 .py 结尾。
|
||||
|
||||
![Saving program in Mu][14]
|
||||
|
||||
(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][12])
|
||||
|
||||
4. 运行程序。哪怕是运行这样一个简单的程序都会让人兴奋，看到你写的程序的图形输出是很有趣的。
|
||||
|
||||
![Running Python program in Mu][15]
|
||||
|
||||
(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][12])
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 超越基础知识
|
||||
|
||||
在上完这节简单的课后，我讲解了有一些方法可以简化和扩展学生所学的基础知识。一是创建一个更简单的 turtle 对象，`import turtle as t`。然后我介绍了一个 `for` 循环，作为用 turtle 画一个正方形的另一种方法。
|
||||
|
||||
![for loops in Python with Mu][16]
|
||||
|
||||
(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][12])
|
||||
|
||||
接下来，我将展示如何创建一个 `my_square` 函数，作为另一种绘制正方形的方法。
|
||||
|
||||
![my_square function][17]
|
||||
|
||||
(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][12])
|
||||
|
||||
后来，我通过介绍其他 turtle 模块方法，包括 `penup`、`pendown` 和 `pencolor`来扩展这个概念。很快，我的学生们就开始开发更复杂的程序，并对其进行迭代。
|
||||
|
||||
![Mu editor][18]
|
||||
|
||||
(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][12])
|
||||
|
||||
我一直渴望学习，我很想知道你在学校或家里是如何教授 Python 的。请在评论中分享你的经验。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/9/teach-python-mu
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Don Watkins][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/python-programming-code-keyboard.png?itok=fxiSpmnd (Hands on a keyboard with a Python book )
|
||||
[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logo_(programming_language)
|
||||
[3]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/turtle.html
|
||||
[4]: https://www.python.org/downloads/windows/
|
||||
[5]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/idle.html
|
||||
[6]: https://ntoll.org/
|
||||
[7]: https://codewith.mu/en/download
|
||||
[8]: https://codewith.mu/en/howto/
|
||||
[9]: https://codewith.mu/en/tutorials/
|
||||
[10]: https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/mu-python-ide/
|
||||
[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/mu-1_open.png (Mu editor)
|
||||
[12]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||||
[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/mu-2_square.png (Mu editor)
|
||||
[14]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/mu-3_save.png (Saving program in Mu)
|
||||
[15]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/mu-4_run.png (Running Python program in Mu)
|
||||
[16]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/mu-5_for-loop.png (for loops in Python with Mu)
|
||||
[17]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/mu-6_my_square.png (my_square function)
|
||||
[18]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/mu-7_beyond-basics.png (Mu editor)
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Meet eDEX-UI, A Sci-Fi Inspired Linux Terminal Emulator With Some Cool Features)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/edex-ui-sci-fi-terminal/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/)
|
||||
|
||||
eDEX-UI：一款科幻风格的酷炫 Linux 终端仿真器
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
> eDEX-UI 是一个很酷的科幻电影式的终端仿真器，看起来很酷，有大量包括系统监控在内的选项。让我们来快速看看它提供了什么。
|
||||
|
||||
你可能已经知道了[大量有趣的 Linux 命令][1]。但你知道当谈到 Linux 命令行时，还有什么有趣的东西吗？那就是终端本身。
|
||||
|
||||
是的，终端仿真器（俗称终端）也可以很有趣。还记得 80 年代和 90 年代初的[酷炫复古的终端，给你一个复古的终端][2]吗？
|
||||
|
||||
那一款深受 《<ruby>[创：战纪][3]<rt>TRON Legacy</rt></ruby>》 电影特效启发的养眼终端感觉怎么样？
|
||||
|
||||
在本文中，让我们来看看一款神奇的跨平台终端模拟器，注意口水！
|
||||
|
||||
### eDEX-UI: 一个很酷的终端仿真器
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
[eDEX-UI][5] 是一款开源的跨平台终端仿真器，它为你呈现了一个科幻风格的外观和一些有用的功能。
|
||||
|
||||
它最初的灵感来自于 [DEX UI][6] 项目，但该项目已经不再维护。
|
||||
|
||||
尽管 eDEX-UI 的重点是外观和未来主义主题的终端，但它也可以作为一个 [Linux 系统监控工具][7]。怎么说呢？因为当你在终端中工作时，它可以在侧边栏中显示系统的统计信息。事实上，其开发者提到，他的目标是将其改进为一个可用的系统管理工具。
|
||||
|
||||
让我们来看看它还提供了什么，以及如何让它安装到你的电脑上。
|
||||
|
||||
### eDEX-UI 的特点
|
||||
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
eDEX-UI 本质上是一个终端仿真器。你可以像普通终端一样使用它来运行命令和其他任何你可以在终端中做的事情。
|
||||
|
||||
它以全屏方式运行，侧边栏和底部面板可以监控系统和网络的统计信息。此外，还有一个用于触摸设备的虚拟键盘。
|
||||
|
||||
我做了一个简短的视频，我建议你观看这个视频，看看这个很酷的终端模拟器运行起来是什么样子。**播放视频时要打开声音**（相信我）。
|
||||
|
||||
- [视频](https://player.vimeo.com/video/460435965)
|
||||
|
||||
eDEX-UI 的特点：
|
||||
|
||||
* 多标签
|
||||
* 对 curses 的支持
|
||||
* 目录查看器，显示当前工作目录的内容
|
||||
* 显示系统信息，包括主板信息、网络状态、IP、网络带宽使用情况、CPU 使用情况、CPU 温度、RAM 使用情况等
|
||||
* 自定义选项，以改变主题、键盘布局、CSS 注入
|
||||
* 可选的声音效果，让你有一种黑客的感觉
|
||||
* 跨平台支持（Windows、macOS 和 Linux）
|
||||
|
||||
### 在 Linux 上安装 eDEX
|
||||
|
||||
![eDEX-UI with Matrix theme][10]
|
||||
|
||||
如前所述，它支持所有主要平台，包括 Windows、macOS，当然还有 Linux。
|
||||
|
||||
要在 Linux 发行版上安装它，你可以从它的 [GitHub 发布部分][11]中抓取 AppImage 文件，或者在包括 [AUR][13] 在内的[可用资源库][12]中找到它。如果你不知道，我建议你去看一下我们关于[在 Linux 中使用 AppImage][14] 的指南。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以访问它的 GitHub 页面，如果你喜欢它，可以随时星标他们的仓库。
|
||||
|
||||
- [eDEX-UI][5]
|
||||
|
||||
### 我对 eDEX-UI 的体验
|
||||
|
||||
因为它的科幻风格的外观，我喜欢这个终端仿真器。但是，我发现它对系统资源的消耗相当大。我没有[检查我的 Linux 系统的 CPU 温度][15]，但 CPU 消耗肯定很高。
|
||||
|
||||
所以，如果你需要它运行在后台或单独的工作空间中（像我这样），你可能要注意这一点。除此以外，它是一个令人印象深刻的工具，拥有目录查看器和系统资源监控等有用的选项。
|
||||
|
||||
顺便说一句，如果你想模拟黑客来娱乐一下客人和孩子们，[那么可以试试好莱坞工具][16]。
|
||||
|
||||
你觉得 eDEX-UI 怎么样？你是想试一试，还是觉得太幼稚/过于复杂？
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/edex-ui-sci-fi-terminal/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/funny-linux-commands/
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/cool-retro-term/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1104001/
|
||||
[4]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/edex-ui-hacking-terminal.jpg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
[5]: https://github.com/GitSquared/edex-ui
|
||||
[6]: https://github.com/seenaburns/dex-ui
|
||||
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/linux-system-monitoring-tools/
|
||||
[8]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/edex-ui-screenshot-1.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
[9]: https://www.youtube.com/c/itsfoss?sub_confirmation=1
|
||||
[10]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/edex-ui-screenshot.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
[11]: https://github.com/GitSquared/edex-ui/releases
|
||||
[12]: https://repology.org/project/edex-ui/versions
|
||||
[13]: https://itsfoss.com/aur-arch-linux/
|
||||
[14]: https://itsfoss.com/use-appimage-linux/
|
||||
[15]: https://itsfoss.com/check-laptop-cpu-temperature-ubuntu/
|
||||
[16]: https://itsfoss.com/hollywood-hacker-screen/
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user