diff --git a/sources/tech/20181203 Four Easy Ways to Search Or Find Files And Folders in Linux.md b/sources/tech/20181203 Four Easy Ways to Search Or Find Files And Folders in Linux.md deleted file mode 100644 index f28649013b..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20181203 Four Easy Ways to Search Or Find Files And Folders in Linux.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,153 +0,0 @@ -[#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: (geekpi) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) -[#]: subject: (Four Easy Ways to Search Or Find Files And Folders in Linux) -[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/four-easy-ways-to-search-or-find-files-and-folders-in-linux/) -[#]: author: (Prakash Subramanian https://www.2daygeek.com/author/prakash/) - -Four Easy Ways to Search Or Find Files And Folders in Linux -====== - -Linux admins can’t able to leave a day without performing a file search as this one of the activity for their routine. - -It’s good to know all the file search stuffs because it would help you in many ways when you are working on headless server. - -These commands are not complicate to remember because these are using a standard syntax. - -This can be performed through Four Linux commands and each command has their own unique feature. - -### Method-1: Search Files And Folders in Linux Using find Command - -Find command is widely used and very famous command to search files and folders in Linux. It searches given files in the current directory and recursively through its sub-directories based on the search criteria. - -It allow users to perform all kind of file searches based on the criteria lie by size, name, owner, group, type, permissions, date, and other criteria. - -Run the following command to find a given file in system. - -``` -# find / -iname "sshd_config" -/etc/ssh/sshd_config -``` - -Run the following command to find a given folder in system. To search a folder in Linux we need to use `-type` parameter. - -``` -# find / -type d -iname "ssh" -/usr/lib/ssh -/usr/lib/go/src/cmd/vendor/golang.org/x/crypto/ssh -/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/cmd/vendor/golang.org/x/crypto/ssh -/etc/ssh -``` - -Use wildcard option to search set of files on your system. We are going to search all files available in the system with `.config` extension. - -``` -# find / -name "*.config" -/usr/lib/mono/gac/avahi-sharp/1.0.0.0__4d116c78973743f5/avahi-sharp.dll.config -/usr/lib/mono/gac/avahi-ui-sharp/0.0.0.0__4d116c78973743f5/avahi-ui-sharp.dll.config -/usr/lib/python2.7/config/Setup.config -/usr/share/git/mw-to-git/t/test.config -/var/lib/lightdm/.config -/home/daygeek/.config -/root/.config -/etc/skel/.config -``` - -Use the following command format to find an empty files and folders in system. - -``` -# find / -empty -``` - -Use the following command combination to find all files containing specific text on Linux. - -``` -# find / -type f -exec grep "Port 22" '{}' \; -print -# find / -type f -print | xargs grep "Port 22" -# find / -type f | xargs grep 'Port 22' -# find / -type f -exec grep -H 'Port 22' {} \; -``` - -### Method-2: Search Files And Folders in Linux Using locate command - -locate command works faster than the find command because it uses updatedb database, whereas the find command searches in the real system. - -It uses a database rather than hunting individual directory paths to get a given file. - -locate command doesn’t pre-installed in most of the distributions so, use your distribution package manager to install it. - -The database is updated regularly through cron, however we can manually update it by running the following command. - -``` -$ sudo updatedb -``` - -Simply run the following command to list the given file or folder. There is no specific options need to be specified in locate command to print file or folder. - -To search `ssh` folder in system. - -``` -# locate --basename '\ssh' -/etc/ssh -/usr/bin/ssh -/usr/lib/ssh -/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/cmd/vendor/golang.org/x/crypto/ssh -/usr/lib/go/src/cmd/go/testdata/failssh/ssh -/usr/lib/go/src/cmd/vendor/golang.org/x/crypto/ssh -``` - -To search `ssh_config` file in system. - -``` -# locate --basename '\sshd_config' -/etc/ssh/sshd_config -``` - -### Method-3: Search Files in Linux Using which command - -TThe which command returns the full path of the executable that would have been executed when the command had been entered in terminal. - -It’s very useful when you want to create a desktop shortcut or symbolic link for executable files. - -Which command searches the directories listed in the current user’s PATH environment variable not for all the users. I mean, when you are logged in your own account and you can’t able to search for root user file or directory. - -Run the following command to print the full path of the vim executable file location. - -``` -# which vi -/usr/bin/vi -``` - -Alternatively, it’s allowing user to perform multiple file search in one shot. - -``` -# which -a vi sudo -/usr/bin/vi -/bin/vi -/usr/bin/sudo -/bin/sudo -``` - -### Method-4: Search Files in Linux Using whereis command - -The whereis command used to search the binary, source, and man page files for a given command. - -``` -# whereis vi -vi: /usr/bin/vi /usr/share/man/man1/vi.1p.gz /usr/share/man/man1/vi.1.gz -``` --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.2daygeek.com/four-easy-ways-to-search-or-find-files-and-folders-in-linux/ - -作者:[Prakash Subramanian][a] -选题:[lujun9972][b] -译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/prakash/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 diff --git a/translated/tech/20181203 Four Easy Ways to Search Or Find Files And Folders in Linux.md b/translated/tech/20181203 Four Easy Ways to Search Or Find Files And Folders in Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a95aef6e7d --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20181203 Four Easy Ways to Search Or Find Files And Folders in Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,153 @@ +[#]: collector: (lujun9972) +[#]: translator: (geekpi) +[#]: reviewer: ( ) +[#]: publisher: ( ) +[#]: url: ( ) +[#]: subject: (Four Easy Ways to Search Or Find Files And Folders in Linux) +[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/four-easy-ways-to-search-or-find-files-and-folders-in-linux/) +[#]: author: (Prakash Subramanian https://www.2daygeek.com/author/prakash/) + +四种简单的方法来搜索或查找 Linux 中的文件和文件夹 +====== + +Linux 管理员一天都不能离开搜索文件,因为这是他们的日常活动。 + +了解一些搜索的东西是不错的,因为这能帮助你在命令行服务器中工作。 + +这些命令记忆起来不复杂,因为它们使用的是标准语法。 + +这里执行四个 Linux 命令,每个命令都有自己独特的功能。 + +### 方法 1:使用 find 命令在 Linux 中搜索文件和文件夹 + +find 命令被广泛使用,并且是非常著名的在 Linux 中搜索文件和文件夹的命令。它搜索当前目录中的给定文件,并根据搜索条件递归遍历其子目录。 + +它允许用户根据大小、名称、所有者、组、类型、权限、日期和其他条件执行所有类型的文件搜索。 + +运行以下命令以在系统中查找给定文件。 + +``` +# find / -iname "sshd_config" +/etc/ssh/sshd_config +``` + +运行以下命令以查找系统中的给定文件夹。要在 Linux 中搜索文件夹,我们需要使用 `-type` 参数。 + +``` +# find / -type d -iname "ssh" +/usr/lib/ssh +/usr/lib/go/src/cmd/vendor/golang.org/x/crypto/ssh +/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/cmd/vendor/golang.org/x/crypto/ssh +/etc/ssh +``` + +使用通配符搜索系统上的所有文件。我们将搜索系统中所有以 `.config` 为扩展名的文件。 + +``` +# find / -name "*.config" +/usr/lib/mono/gac/avahi-sharp/1.0.0.0__4d116c78973743f5/avahi-sharp.dll.config +/usr/lib/mono/gac/avahi-ui-sharp/0.0.0.0__4d116c78973743f5/avahi-ui-sharp.dll.config +/usr/lib/python2.7/config/Setup.config +/usr/share/git/mw-to-git/t/test.config +/var/lib/lightdm/.config +/home/daygeek/.config +/root/.config +/etc/skel/.config +``` + +使用以下命令格式在系统中查找空文件和文件夹。 + +``` +# find / -empty +``` + +使用以下命令组合查找 Linux 上包含特定文本的所有文件。 + +``` +# find / -type f -exec grep "Port 22" '{}' \; -print +# find / -type f -print | xargs grep "Port 22" +# find / -type f | xargs grep 'Port 22' +# find / -type f -exec grep -H 'Port 22' {} \; +``` + +### 方法 2:使用 locate 命令在 Linux 中搜索文件和文件夹 + +locate 命令比 find 命令运行得更快,因为它使用 updatedb 数据库,而 find 命令在真实系统中搜索。 + +它使用数据库而不是搜索单个目录路径来获取给定文件。 + +locate 命令未在大多数发行版中预安装,因此,请使用你的包管理器进行安装。 + +数据库通过 cron 定期更新,但我们可以通过运行以下命令手动更新它。 + +``` +$ sudo updatedb +``` + +只需运行以下命令即可列出给定的文件或文件夹。在 locate 命令中不需要指定特定选项来打印文件或文件夹。 + +在系统中搜索 `ssh` 文件夹。 + +``` +# locate --basename '\ssh' +/etc/ssh +/usr/bin/ssh +/usr/lib/ssh +/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/cmd/vendor/golang.org/x/crypto/ssh +/usr/lib/go/src/cmd/go/testdata/failssh/ssh +/usr/lib/go/src/cmd/vendor/golang.org/x/crypto/ssh +``` + +在系统中搜索 `ssh_config` 文件。 + +``` +# locate --basename '\sshd_config' +/etc/ssh/sshd_config +``` + +### 方法 3:在 Linux 中搜索文件使用 which 命令 + +which 返回在终端输入命令时执行的可执行文件的完整路径。 + +当你想要为可执行文件创建桌面快捷方式或符号链接时,它非常有用。 + +which 命令搜索当前用户而不是所有用户的 PATH 环境变量中列出的目录。我的意思是,当你登录自己的帐户时,你无法搜索 root 用户文件或目录。 + +运行以下命令以打印 vim 可执行文件的完整路径。 + +``` +# which vi +/usr/bin/vi +``` + +或者,它允许用户一次执行多个文件搜索。 + +``` +# which -a vi sudo +/usr/bin/vi +/bin/vi +/usr/bin/sudo +/bin/sudo +``` + +### 方法 4:使用 whereis 命令在 Linux 中搜索文件 + +whereis 命令用于搜索给定命令的二进制、源码和手册页文件。 + +``` +# whereis vi +vi: /usr/bin/vi /usr/share/man/man1/vi.1p.gz /usr/share/man/man1/vi.1.gz +``` +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.2daygeek.com/four-easy-ways-to-search-or-find-files-and-folders-in-linux/ + +作者:[Prakash Subramanian][a] +选题:[lujun9972][b] +译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/prakash/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 \ No newline at end of file