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geekpi
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Four Easy Ways to Search Or Find Files And Folders in Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/four-easy-ways-to-search-or-find-files-and-folders-in-linux/)
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[#]: author: (Prakash Subramanian https://www.2daygeek.com/author/prakash/)
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Four Easy Ways to Search Or Find Files And Folders in Linux
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======
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Linux admins can’t able to leave a day without performing a file search as this one of the activity for their routine.
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It’s good to know all the file search stuffs because it would help you in many ways when you are working on headless server.
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These commands are not complicate to remember because these are using a standard syntax.
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This can be performed through Four Linux commands and each command has their own unique feature.
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### Method-1: Search Files And Folders in Linux Using find Command
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Find command is widely used and very famous command to search files and folders in Linux. It searches given files in the current directory and recursively through its sub-directories based on the search criteria.
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It allow users to perform all kind of file searches based on the criteria lie by size, name, owner, group, type, permissions, date, and other criteria.
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Run the following command to find a given file in system.
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```
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# find / -iname "sshd_config"
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/etc/ssh/sshd_config
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```
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Run the following command to find a given folder in system. To search a folder in Linux we need to use `-type` parameter.
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```
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# find / -type d -iname "ssh"
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/usr/lib/ssh
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/usr/lib/go/src/cmd/vendor/golang.org/x/crypto/ssh
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/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/cmd/vendor/golang.org/x/crypto/ssh
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/etc/ssh
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```
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Use wildcard option to search set of files on your system. We are going to search all files available in the system with `.config` extension.
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```
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# find / -name "*.config"
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/usr/lib/mono/gac/avahi-sharp/1.0.0.0__4d116c78973743f5/avahi-sharp.dll.config
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/usr/lib/mono/gac/avahi-ui-sharp/0.0.0.0__4d116c78973743f5/avahi-ui-sharp.dll.config
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/usr/lib/python2.7/config/Setup.config
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/usr/share/git/mw-to-git/t/test.config
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/var/lib/lightdm/.config
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/home/daygeek/.config
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/root/.config
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/etc/skel/.config
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```
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Use the following command format to find an empty files and folders in system.
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```
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# find / -empty
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```
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Use the following command combination to find all files containing specific text on Linux.
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```
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# find / -type f -exec grep "Port 22" '{}' \; -print
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# find / -type f -print | xargs grep "Port 22"
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# find / -type f | xargs grep 'Port 22'
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# find / -type f -exec grep -H 'Port 22' {} \;
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```
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### Method-2: Search Files And Folders in Linux Using locate command
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locate command works faster than the find command because it uses updatedb database, whereas the find command searches in the real system.
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It uses a database rather than hunting individual directory paths to get a given file.
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locate command doesn’t pre-installed in most of the distributions so, use your distribution package manager to install it.
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The database is updated regularly through cron, however we can manually update it by running the following command.
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```
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$ sudo updatedb
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```
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Simply run the following command to list the given file or folder. There is no specific options need to be specified in locate command to print file or folder.
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To search `ssh` folder in system.
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```
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# locate --basename '\ssh'
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/etc/ssh
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/usr/bin/ssh
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/usr/lib/ssh
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/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/cmd/vendor/golang.org/x/crypto/ssh
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/usr/lib/go/src/cmd/go/testdata/failssh/ssh
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/usr/lib/go/src/cmd/vendor/golang.org/x/crypto/ssh
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```
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To search `ssh_config` file in system.
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```
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# locate --basename '\sshd_config'
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/etc/ssh/sshd_config
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```
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### Method-3: Search Files in Linux Using which command
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TThe which command returns the full path of the executable that would have been executed when the command had been entered in terminal.
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It’s very useful when you want to create a desktop shortcut or symbolic link for executable files.
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Which command searches the directories listed in the current user’s PATH environment variable not for all the users. I mean, when you are logged in your own account and you can’t able to search for root user file or directory.
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Run the following command to print the full path of the vim executable file location.
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```
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# which vi
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/usr/bin/vi
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```
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Alternatively, it’s allowing user to perform multiple file search in one shot.
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```
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# which -a vi sudo
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/usr/bin/vi
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/bin/vi
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/usr/bin/sudo
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/bin/sudo
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```
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### Method-4: Search Files in Linux Using whereis command
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The whereis command used to search the binary, source, and man page files for a given command.
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```
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# whereis vi
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vi: /usr/bin/vi /usr/share/man/man1/vi.1p.gz /usr/share/man/man1/vi.1.gz
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.2daygeek.com/four-easy-ways-to-search-or-find-files-and-folders-in-linux/
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作者：[Prakash Subramanian][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/prakash/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Four Easy Ways to Search Or Find Files And Folders in Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/four-easy-ways-to-search-or-find-files-and-folders-in-linux/)
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[#]: author: (Prakash Subramanian https://www.2daygeek.com/author/prakash/)
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四种简单的方法来搜索或查找 Linux 中的文件和文件夹
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======
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Linux 管理员一天都不能离开搜索文件，因为这是他们的日常活动。
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了解一些搜索的东西是不错的，因为这能帮助你在命令行服务器中工作。
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这些命令记忆起来不复杂，因为它们使用的是标准语法。
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这里执行四个 Linux 命令，每个命令都有自己独特的功能。
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### 方法 1：使用 find 命令在 Linux 中搜索文件和文件夹
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find 命令被广泛使用，并且是非常著名的在 Linux 中搜索文件和文件夹的命令。它搜索当前目录中的给定文件，并根据搜索条件递归遍历其子目录。
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它允许用户根据大小、名称、所有者、组、类型、权限、日期和其他条件执行所有类型的文件搜索。
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运行以下命令以在系统中查找给定文件。
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```
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# find / -iname "sshd_config"
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/etc/ssh/sshd_config
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```
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运行以下命令以查找系统中的给定文件夹。要在 Linux 中搜索文件夹，我们需要使用 `-type` 参数。
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```
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# find / -type d -iname "ssh"
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/usr/lib/ssh
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/usr/lib/go/src/cmd/vendor/golang.org/x/crypto/ssh
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/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/cmd/vendor/golang.org/x/crypto/ssh
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/etc/ssh
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```
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使用通配符搜索系统上的所有文件。我们将搜索系统中所有以 `.config` 为扩展名的文件。
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```
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# find / -name "*.config"
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/usr/lib/mono/gac/avahi-sharp/1.0.0.0__4d116c78973743f5/avahi-sharp.dll.config
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/usr/lib/mono/gac/avahi-ui-sharp/0.0.0.0__4d116c78973743f5/avahi-ui-sharp.dll.config
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/usr/lib/python2.7/config/Setup.config
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/usr/share/git/mw-to-git/t/test.config
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/var/lib/lightdm/.config
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/home/daygeek/.config
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/root/.config
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/etc/skel/.config
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```
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使用以下命令格式在系统中查找空文件和文件夹。
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```
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# find / -empty
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```
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使用以下命令组合查找 Linux 上包含特定文本的所有文件。
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```
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# find / -type f -exec grep "Port 22" '{}' \; -print
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# find / -type f -print | xargs grep "Port 22"
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# find / -type f | xargs grep 'Port 22'
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# find / -type f -exec grep -H 'Port 22' {} \;
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```
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### 方法 2：使用 locate 命令在 Linux 中搜索文件和文件夹
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locate 命令比 find 命令运行得更快，因为它使用 updatedb 数据库，而 find 命令在真实系统中搜索。
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它使用数据库而不是搜索单个目录路径来获取给定文件。
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locate 命令未在大多数发行版中预安装，因此，请使用你的包管理器进行安装。
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数据库通过 cron 定期更新，但我们可以通过运行以下命令手动更新它。
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```
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$ sudo updatedb
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```
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只需运行以下命令即可列出给定的文件或文件夹。在 locate 命令中不需要指定特定选项来打印文件或文件夹。
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在系统中搜索 `ssh` 文件夹。
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```
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# locate --basename '\ssh'
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/etc/ssh
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/usr/bin/ssh
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/usr/lib/ssh
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/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/cmd/vendor/golang.org/x/crypto/ssh
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/usr/lib/go/src/cmd/go/testdata/failssh/ssh
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/usr/lib/go/src/cmd/vendor/golang.org/x/crypto/ssh
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```
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在系统中搜索 `ssh_config` 文件。
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```
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# locate --basename '\sshd_config'
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/etc/ssh/sshd_config
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```
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### 方法 3：在 Linux 中搜索文件使用 which 命令
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which 返回在终端输入命令时执行的可执行文件的完整路径。
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当你想要为可执行文件创建桌面快捷方式或符号链接时，它非常有用。
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which 命令搜索当前用户而不是所有用户的 PATH 环境变量中列出的目录。我的意思是，当你登录自己的帐户时，你无法搜索 root 用户文件或目录。
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运行以下命令以打印 vim 可执行文件的完整路径。
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```
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# which vi
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/usr/bin/vi
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```
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或者，它允许用户一次执行多个文件搜索。
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```
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# which -a vi sudo
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/usr/bin/vi
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/bin/vi
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/usr/bin/sudo
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/bin/sudo
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```
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### 方法 4：使用 whereis 命令在 Linux 中搜索文件
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whereis 命令用于搜索给定命令的二进制、源码和手册页文件。
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```
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# whereis vi
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vi: /usr/bin/vi /usr/share/man/man1/vi.1p.gz /usr/share/man/man1/vi.1.gz
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.2daygeek.com/four-easy-ways-to-search-or-find-files-and-folders-in-linux/
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作者：[Prakash Subramanian][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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||||
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||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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||||
[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/prakash/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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