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王兴宇
parent
e838939e22
commit
649917a1f4
@ -1,34 +1,36 @@
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感谢各大移动公司，感谢android，Linux核心代码迎来大发展！
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================================================================================
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曾经，就在不久以前，那时Google家的[Android还并非Linux][1]……
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那时，Google的天才们改进Linux核心来建立他们梦想中的移动操作系统，但是负责Linux核心项目的那帮家伙竟然拒绝采纳天才们做出的修改。直到去年年初，一项新的Linux内核分析项目才表明，Google已经和Linux社区达成了共识。
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Linux基金会的年度Linux贡献率调查显示，去年，各大移动公司对Linux内核的贡献比例一共只占到了4.4%，而今年，这个数字已经达到了11%。
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|
||||
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在Linux的贡献者排名中，Google 2009年的时候还只排在第19位，今年已经从第10位上升到第8。前三名的公司依次是：红帽(Red Hat)、因特尔(Intel)和德州仪器(Texas Instruments)。
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去年，排在第一的是Microsoft,但随着微软的Hyper-V虚拟机项目中与Linux相关的工作大部分已经结束，微软自然也就被挤出了排名。
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紧接着，今年年初，内核圈子又因其沟通风格受到了攻击,有人称之为坦率,有人却认为是粗鲁。事情是这样的，一位来自Intel的开发者，名叫莎拉·夏普（Sarah Sharp），这位妹纸竟然在内核圈子的邮件列表中公然[向Linux领袖Linus Torvalds叫板][2]！(译者注：链接我点进去看了，妹纸说Linus你这人说话真特么脏！）事后[她告诉我们说][3]Linux界有时会纵容一种文化：“千万别和妹纸共事”！
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夏普还估计了一下内核开发者中女士的比例，大概只占到1%到3%，这个数字是增是减，我们无从得知，因为Linux基金会并不统计贡献者的性别和种族。
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2013/09/linux/
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||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Mr小眼儿] 校对：[jasminepeng][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[Mr小眼儿]:http://linux.cn/space/14801
|
||||
[jasminepeng]:http://linux.cn/space/jasminepeng
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.zdnet.com/blog/open-source/googles-android-fork-defended-debated-dissected-again/7067
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[2]:http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2013/07/linus-torvalds-right-to-offend/
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感谢各大移动厂商，感谢android，Linux核心代码迎来大发展！
|
||||
=============================================
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||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
曾经，就在不久以前，那时Google家的[Android还并非Linux][1]……
|
||||
|
||||
那时，Google的天才们改进Linux核心来建立他们梦想中的移动操作系统，但是负责Linux核心项目的那帮家伙竟然拒绝采纳天才们做出的修改。直到去年年初，一项对新的Linux内核进行的分析才表明，Google已经和Linux社区达成了共识。
|
||||
|
||||
Linux基金会的年度Linux贡献率调查显示，去年，各大移动厂商对Linux内核的贡献比例一共只占到了4.4%，而今年，这个数字已经达到了11%。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在Linux的贡献者排名中，Google 2009年的时候还只排在第19位，今年已经从第10位上升到第8。前三名的公司依次是：红帽(Red Hat)、因特尔(Intel)和德州仪器(Texas Instruments)。
|
||||
|
||||
去年，排在第一的是Microsoft,但随着微软的Hyper-V虚拟机项目中与Linux相关的工作大部分已经结束，微软自然也就被挤出了排名。
|
||||
|
||||
紧接着，今年年初，内核圈子又因其沟通风格受到了攻击，有人称之为坦率，有人却认为是粗鲁。事情是这样的，一位来自Intel的开发者，名叫莎拉·夏普（Sarah Sharp），这位妹纸竟然在内核圈子的邮件列表中公然[向Linux领袖Linus Torvalds叫板][2]！(译者注：链接我点进去看了，妹纸说Linus你这人说话真特么脏！）事后[她告诉我们说][3]Linux界有时会纵容一种文化：“千万别和妹纸共事”！
|
||||
|
||||
夏普还估计了一下内核开发者中女士的比例，大概只占到1%到3%，这个数字是增是减，我们无从得知，因为Linux基金会并不统计贡献者的性别和种族。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2013/09/linux/
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Mr小眼儿] 校对：[jasminepeng][]
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||||
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||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[Mr小眼儿]:http://linux.cn/space/14801
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||||
[jasminepeng]:http://linux.cn/space/jasminepeng
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[1]:http://www.zdnet.com/blog/open-source/googles-android-fork-defended-debated-dissected-again/7067
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[2]:http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2013/07/linus-torvalds-right-to-offend/
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[3]:http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2013/07/sarah_sharp/
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@ -1,30 +1,35 @@
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GNOME Shell 3.10 Beta 2 引入新的系统状态栏
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=========================================================
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最新的GNOME Shell 3.10 beta测试版已经在几天前提供下载，这也带来了很多改进并修复了可多的bug。
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最新的GNOME Shell 3.10 beta测试版已经在几天前提供下载，这也带来了很多改进并修复了很多bug。
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GNOME Shell 3.10 Beta2 改进了子菜单的风格，调整了系统行文栏的风格，并且为“无需用户名”验证提供支援，改进新的关机／结束当前session的对话框的设计，对一些独立的Wayland 和X11的二进制代码的编译进行了改善。
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GNOME Shell 3.10 Beta2 改进了子菜单的风格，调整了系统活动区的风格，并且为“无需用户名”验证提供支持，实现了新的“关机／结束”当前登录会话的对话框设计，对一些独立的Wayland和X11的二进制代码的编译进行了改善。
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这个版本也使侧栏更易访问，你也将可以通过键盘改变侧栏的数值。Dash的帮助提示将不在那些弹窗的应用程式启动时显示，系统状态图标间的空白距离将被调整，日历的键盘导航功能被改善，其自身也更易被用户访问。
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这个版本也使界面上的滑块更易访问，你将可以通过键盘改变滑块的数值。Dash的帮助提示将不在那些弹窗的应用程式启动时显示，调整了系统状态图标间的空白距离，改善了日历的键盘导航功能和易用性。
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这个版本——也是3.10的第二个beta测试版——带来了对新的NetwokrManager API的支持，系统行为栏也在锁屏时候被隐藏，其他登陆的用户也不会在登出时候被隐藏，而且“Session“这个大大的标题也将从登陆页面中被移除。
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这个版本是3.10的第二个beta测试版，它支持新的NetworkManager API，系统活动区在锁屏时候会被隐藏，其他登陆的用户在登出后就会被隐藏，而且“Session“这个大大的标题也将从登陆界面中被移除。
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还有Dash已经能在安装的程序改变时候重新载入“最喜爱的程式”（favorites），关闭工作区的最后一个窗口预览模式也将不再被启用，Focus App的DBus模式被实装，一个新的程序筛选设计被实装，换页的那部分可点击的按钮区域被扩展延伸了，显示消息时候移动的控制栏被修正了。
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还有Dash已经能在安装的程序改变时候重新载入“最喜爱的程式”（favorites）；关闭工作区的最后一个窗口后，预览模式也将不再被打开；增加了Focus App的DBus模式；设计了一个新的程序选择器；换页的那部分可点击的按钮区域被扩展延伸了；修正了显示消息时候移动的控制栏。
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感谢Ray、Clovanni、Jasper、Emmamuele的努力，消除了GNOME Shell 3.10 Beta2中的以下几个bug：#706542、 #706654、 #706005、 #706681、 #706841,、#706843、 #707064、 #706262、 #707197、 还有 #707269。 你可以在GNOME 的Bugzillla的网站中找到它们的档案（当然，不要加＃咯）。
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感谢Ray、Clovanni、Jasper、Emmamuele的努力，消除了GNOME Shell 3.10 Beta2中的以下几个bug：#706542、 #706654、 #706005、 #706681、 #706841,、#706843、 #707064、 #706262、 #707197 和 #707269。 你可以在[GNOME的Bugzillla][1]的网站中找到它们的说明（当然，不要加＃咯）。
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这个版本中的翻译的进度中，当推波兰语、挪威语（波克默尔语）、塔吉克语、 葡萄牙语（巴西）、德语、立陶宛语、加利西亚语（西班牙）、斯洛伐克语、斯洛文尼亚语、加泰罗尼亚语、比利时语。更多具体的细节请查看官方的更新说明文档。
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这个版本中的翻译的进度中，已经有了波兰语、挪威语（波克默尔语）、塔吉克语、 葡萄牙语（巴西）、德语、立陶宛语、加利西亚语（西班牙）、斯洛伐克语、斯洛文尼亚语、加泰罗尼亚语、比利时语。更多具体的细节请查看[官方的更新说明文档][2]。
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也可以直接从Softpedia[下载GNOME Shell 3.10 Beta2][3]，但请谨记这只是一个beta测试版。请不要在生产环境中安装。这个版本只供测试使用。
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也可以直接从Softpedia下载GNOME Shell 3.10 Beta2，但请谨记这只是一个beta测试版。请不要在生产环境中安装。这个版本只供测试使用。
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原文链接: http://news.softpedia.com/news/GNOME-Shell-3-10-Beta-2-Implements-New-System-Status-Area-380916.shtml
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||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
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||||
译者：[Chilledheart][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
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||||
译者：Chilledheart 校对：[wxy][]
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||||
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||||
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||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
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||||
[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
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||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
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[wxy]:http://linux.cn/space/wxy
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[1]:https://bugzilla.gnome.org/
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[2]:http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/GNOME/sources/gnome-shell/3.9/gnome-shell-3.9.91.news
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[3]:http://linux.softpedia.com/get/Desktop-Environment/Gnome/GNOME-Shell-49962.shtml
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@ -1,20 +1,21 @@
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在CentOS 6.4上安装Ampache流媒体服务
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==========
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[Ampache][2]是一个基于网页的音频/视频的流媒体软件和文件管理器。它允许你使用几乎所有互联网设备从任何地方去访问你的音乐和视频。它不是一个媒体管理器,它只是在一个有用的方式上使用存在的已组织的媒体文件。所以，你必须意识到管理和组织这些媒体文件。
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在CentOS 6.4上安装Ampache流媒体服务
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================================
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**方案**
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[Ampache][1]是一个基于WEB的音频/视频流媒体软件和文件管理器。你可以使用几乎所有的互联网设备从任何地方去访问你的音乐和视频。它不是一个媒体管理器,只是有效利用了现有分类好的媒体文件。所以，你必须预先组织好这些媒体文件。
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这个指南是在CentOS 6.4上测试的,虽然，它几乎应该工作在所有基于RHEL的系统上。在这篇指南中, 我的测试机的主机名和IP地址是**server.unixmen.com** 和 **192.168.1.201/24**.在你自己适当的地方改变这些值。
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###方案
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**先决条件**
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尽管它应该在几乎所有基于RHEL的系统上工作，但这个指南是在CentOS 6.4上测试的。在这篇指南中, 我的测试机主机名和IP地址分别为**server.unixmen.com** 和 **192.168.1.201/24**.你可以根据自己的地址适当改变这些值。
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你的服务器上应该安装和配置了Apache，MySQL和PHP（LAMP）。 参考任何以下链接之一去安装LAMP服务。
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###前提
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- 在CentOS 6.4上安装LAMP(Apache, MariaDB, PHP)服务。
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你的服务器上应该安装和配置了Apache，MySQL和PHP（LAMP）。参考以下链接中的任何一个来安装LAMP服务。
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- [在CentOS 6.4上安装LAMP(Apache, MariaDB, PHP)服务。][2]
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或者
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- 在CentOS 6.4上安装LAMP(Apache, MySQL, PHP)服务。
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- [在CentOS 6.4上安装LAMP(Apache, MySQL, PHP)服务。][3]
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> 译者注：注意，两种安装方式的数据库是不同的
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@ -22,7 +23,7 @@
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# yum install php-mcrypt php-pdo php-cli php-mysql php-gd php-xml libtool-ltdl mhash mcrypt -y
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**为Ampache创建数据库用户**
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###为Ampache创建数据库用户
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例如, 这里，我将要创建一个名为“**ampachedb**”的数据库用户和“**ampachedb**”用户的密码为“**centos**”的数据。你可以根据你的喜好来定义数据库。
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@ -48,7 +49,7 @@
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MariaDB [(none)]> exit
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Bye
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**调整防火墙/路由器的设置**
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###调整防火墙/路由器的设置
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允许apache的默认端口“80”通过防火墙/路由器。编辑 /etc/sysconfig/iptables 文件,
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@ -62,17 +63,17 @@
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# /etc/init.d/iptables restart
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**获取Ampache**
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###获取Ampache
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[在这下载Ampache][3]最新版本或者从你的终端输入以下命令去下载。
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[在这下载Ampache][4]最新版本或者从你的终端输入以下命令去下载。
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# wget https://github.com/ampache/ampache/archive/3.6-alpha6.zip
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**注释:** 这里你可以用两种方法来访问你的流媒体服务网站。
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**注释:** 这里你可以使用以下两种方法来访问你的流媒体服务网站。
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1. 直接从网站根目录, 通过导航到**http://domain-name/**你可以成功访问你的网站。
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1. 直接从网站根目录访问, 这样你可以通过导航到**http://domain-name/**来访问你的网站。
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2.或者网站根目录和从主机网站的分目录创建一个sub目录，即可使用URL**http://domain-name/sub-directory-name**成功访问你的网站。
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2. 另外，你可以在网站根目录和主机网站子目录中创建一个子目录，这样你可使用URL**http://domain-name/sub-directory-name**成功访问你的网站。
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此时, 因为测试目的,我将要在sub目录下访问我的流媒体网站。
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@ -84,15 +85,15 @@
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# mv ampache-3.6-alpha6/ /var/www/html/ampache
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设置ampache/config目录的写权限。
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设置ampache/config目录的写入权限。
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# chmod -R 777 /var/www/html/ampache/config/
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**开始安装**
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###开始安装
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打开浏览器在地址栏中输入**http://domain-name/ampache**或**http://ip-address/ampache**。
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接下来就会出现。点击**Start configuration（开始配置）**。
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将会出现下面界面。点击**Start configuration（开始配置）**。
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@ -108,23 +109,26 @@
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最后，Ampache将要求你更新最新版本。点击Update（更新）。
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最后，Ampache将要求你更新到最新版本。点击Update（更新）。
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||||
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That’s it（这该肿么翻译）。现在Apmache已经安装完成。为进一步配置，我建议你阅读官方Ampache Wiki页。
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对了，就是这样！现在你已经成功安装Apmache。为进一步配置，我建议你阅读官方的[Ampache Wiki][5]。
|
||||
|
||||
via:http://www.unixmen.com/setup-streaming-media-server-ampache/
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Vito][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
译者：[Vito][] 校对：[Caroline][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[Vito]:http://linux.cn/space/Vito
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
[Caroline]:http://linux.cn/space/14763
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.unixmen.com/setup-streaming-media-server-ampache/
|
||||
[2]:https://github.com/ampache/ampache/
|
||||
[3]:https://github.com/ampache/ampache/tags
|
||||
[1]:https://github.com/ampache/ampache/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.unixmen.com/install-lamp-apache-with-mariadb-and-php-on-centosrhelscientific-linux-6/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.unixmen.com/install-lamp-server-in-centos-6-4-rhel-6-4/
|
||||
[4]:https://github.com/ampache/ampache/tags
|
||||
[5]:http://ampache.org/wiki/start
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
|
||||
Ledger-复式记账的一个功能强大的命令行工具
|
||||
==================================
|
||||
|
||||
无论你是一个电脑极客还是普通用户，记录账户开销总是必不可少的。虽然在Linux上有很多基于GUI的记账工具（比如 - [GNUCash][1]）受到大家欢迎，但是工作在命令行的记账工具是很多用户难以想象的。在本文中，我们将讨论一个功能强大的命令行记账工具-**Ledger**。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
###Ledger - 复式记账工具
|
||||
|
||||
Ledger是复式记账的一个功能强大的命令行工具。对于那些不了解“复式（Double-Entry）”的用户，它这意味着每笔交易都必须有一个源。站在一个外行的角度来看，这意味着，每做成一笔账户信贷，一个账户必须有一个借记卡。所以，Ledger跟踪资金运转并且帮助你了解你的开支。
|
||||
|
||||
Ledger没有自己的数据库，它依赖于通过用户维护一个开支表（一个简单的文本文件）。不过开支表有一种Ledger能够理解的特殊格式。
|
||||
|
||||
例如，下图是我准备的一个简单的开支表：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
几个值得注意的要点：
|
||||
|
||||
* 分类之下的所有行是tab缩进（例如 - Shopping，Leisure或EMI）。
|
||||
* 同样，所有的开支金额也是tab缩进（包括：$）。
|
||||
* 作为复式记账工具，制定信用卡和借记卡是很重要的，否则Ledger将会报错。
|
||||
|
||||
###简短教程
|
||||
|
||||
当你准备好了费用表，参照下图来了解怎样检查总体费用。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
所以，通过**-f 选项**你可以看到，你可以指定你的开支表的名称并且balance是Ledger的一个命令，它能够处理明确显示的总付款记录。另外，借记卡支付显示为红色，支出显示为白色。
|
||||
|
||||
正如前面所讨论的，Ledger要求用户输入正确的借方贷方详细信息。下面是一个当费用表中提到了错误账户对应关系时的示例：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
我只是把鞋子的购物费用从$50改到$60，但是没改变付款价格。正如你看到的，Ledger显示了“**Transaction does not balance**“错误。
|
||||
|
||||
除了balance命令，你可以用**register**命令去显示所有条目对应的报表查询。
|
||||
|
||||
例如：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
所以，你可以从上面示例中看到 - **register**命令是用来shopping报表查询，所有有关这一类的交易都在输出中显示。
|
||||
|
||||
这只是冰山一角，Ledger提供很多其他选项值得一试（包括：report generation）。更多内容访问[手册页][2]。
|
||||
|
||||
**优点**
|
||||
|
||||
* 强大且功能丰富的记账工具
|
||||
* 便于使用
|
||||
* 彩色输出
|
||||
|
||||
**缺点**
|
||||
|
||||
* 开支文件需要分别维护
|
||||
* 有一定的学习曲线
|
||||
|
||||
###下载/安装
|
||||
|
||||
下面是一些有关Ledger命令行工具的重要链接：
|
||||
|
||||
* [主页][3]
|
||||
* [下载][4]
|
||||
* [文档][5]
|
||||
* [一个在LWN上的详细综述][6]
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu用户可以通过Ubuntu软件中心下载和安装这个工具。这篇文章使用的版本是3.0。
|
||||
|
||||
###总结
|
||||
|
||||
Ledger是一个智能小巧的命令行实用程序用来管理你的开支。你可以用它来管理日常以及复杂的业务账户。虽然它有一定的学习曲线，但是它拥有各种功能，在学习使用Ledger中投入一点努力是值得的。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: <http://mylinuxbook.com/ledger-command-line-accounting-tool-2/>
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Vito][] 校对：[Caroline][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[Vito]:http://linux.cn/space/Vito
|
||||
[Caroline]:http://linux.cn/space/14763
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.gnucash.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.ledger-cli.org/3.0/doc/ledger.1.html
|
||||
[3]:http://www.ledger-cli.org/
|
||||
[4]:http://www.ledger-cli.org/download.html
|
||||
[5]:http://www.ledger-cli.org/2.6/ledger.pdf
|
||||
[6]:http://lwn.net/Articles/501681/
|
||||
@ -1,34 +1,35 @@
|
||||
MineSweeper Touch增添了漂亮的Suru元素
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
设计是Ubuntu的下一代组件中极其重要的组成部分，它正逐步但已经可见地在区域，元素，组件等方面实现，整体的设计能量正在将Ubuntu的下一代组件推向一个优良、时尚、新颖的层面。
|
||||
|
||||
Suru是官方的设计程序的一部分。本质上讲，它是通过彩色的背景，有趣的形状和别致时尚的区块来展现一系列视觉图案，借以（在使用时）实现真正美观的应用程序。
|
||||
|
||||
Suru在官方的核心应用程序中可谓是第一流的公民了，但是，现在也已经有第三方的应用程序正在使用各种各样的Suru的变种了，其中MineSweeper Touch就是一个例子。
|
||||
|
||||
[MineSweeper Touch](https://launchpad.net/minesweeper-touch)是将经典、可爱的扫雷游戏在Ubuntu的软件开发包接口中实现的一款令人喜爱的小游戏。最近，随着新式的Suru风格在其视图中的融入，MineSweeper Touch又增添了相当有趣的外观和感受。
|
||||
|
||||
结果：当运行MineSweeper Touch时，用户会发现紫色的背景衬托着紫红色的圆角小方块，揭开这些小方块时，它们会像游戏信息暴露的已开拓区域一样变成白色的，并且有不同的容器盛放着它们。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Suru风格的实现在感知和个性方面将扫雷游戏带到了一个更高的层面：用美感愉悦着你的双眼，用行动挑战着你的智力。
|
||||
|
||||
MineSweeper Touch的代码可以在这里获得： [https://code.launchpad.net/~flscogna/minesweeper-touch/trunk-1](https://code.launchpad.net/~flscogna/minesweeper-touch/trunk-1)
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://iloveubuntu.net/minesweeper-touch-enriched-beautiful-suru-elements
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID][晨光] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://iloveubuntu.net/minesweeper-touch-enriched-beautiful-suru-elements
|
||||
[2]:https://launchpad.net/minesweeper-touch
|
||||
[3]:https://code.launchpad.net/~flscogna/minesweeper-touch/trunk-1
|
||||
MineSweeper Touch增添了漂亮的Suru元素
|
||||
==================================
|
||||
|
||||
设计是Ubuntu下一代组件至关重要的部分，设计正逐步但已可见地在区域、元素和部件等方面实施，整体的设计能量正把Unbuntu的下一代组件提升到一个优越的、现代的以及创新的水平。
|
||||
|
||||
Suru是官方的设计程序的一部分。本质上讲，它是通过彩色的背景，有趣的形状和别致时尚的模块来展现一系列视觉图案，借以（在使用时）实现真正美观的应用程序。
|
||||
|
||||
Suru在官方的核心应用程序中可谓是“一流公民”了，但是，现在也已经有第三方的应用程序正在使用各种各样的Suru的变种了，其中MineSweeper Touch就是一个例子。
|
||||
|
||||
[MineSweeper Touch](https://launchpad.net/minesweeper-touch)是一款将可爱的扫雷游戏化身到Ubuntu SDK界面的奇特游戏。最近，随着新式的Suru风格在其视图中的融入，MineSweeper Touch又增添了相当有趣的外观和体验。
|
||||
|
||||
这样，当运行MineSweeper Touch时，用户会发现紫色的背景衬托着紫红色的圆角小方块，揭开这些分开放置的小方块时，它们会像显示游戏细节的已开拓区域一样变成白色的。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Suru风格的实现在感知和个性化方面将扫雷游戏带到了一个更高的层面：用美感愉悦着你的双眼，用行动挑战着你的智力。
|
||||
|
||||
MineSweeper Touch的代码可以在这里获得： [https://code.launchpad.net/~flscogna/minesweeper-touch/trunk-1](https://code.launchpad.net/~flscogna/minesweeper-touch/trunk-1)
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://iloveubuntu.net/minesweeper-touch-enriched-beautiful-suru-elements
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：晨光 校对：[Caroline][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
|
||||
[Caroline]:http://linux.cn/space/14763
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://iloveubuntu.net/minesweeper-touch-enriched-beautiful-suru-elements
|
||||
[2]:https://launchpad.net/minesweeper-touch
|
||||
[3]:https://code.launchpad.net/~flscogna/minesweeper-touch/trunk-1
|
||||
@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
|
||||
强大的电子书编辑器Sigil搬到新开发区，寻求代码贡献和积极参与
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Sigil是一个免费开源的所见即所得的电子书编辑器, 用户可以通过功能丰富且直观的界面进行高级的电子书编辑工作.
|
||||
===============================================
|
||||
|
||||
Sigil拥有众多特点:
|
||||
Sigil是一个免费开源的所见即所得的电子书编辑器，用户可以通过功能丰富且直观的界面进行高级的电子书编辑工作。
|
||||
|
||||
Sigil拥有众多特点：
|
||||
|
||||
- 多样化视图 (书卷, 代码, 预览)
|
||||
- 完整的UTF-16支持
|
||||
@ -12,19 +13,19 @@ Sigil拥有众多特点:
|
||||
- 拼写检查
|
||||
- 查找和替换
|
||||
|
||||
总而言之, 它有大量的功能.
|
||||
总而言之，它有大量的功能。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
但是, 似乎目前Sigil正在经历一条艰难之路, 也就是说, 它缺少代码参与与投入.
|
||||
但是，似乎目前Sigil正在经历一条艰难之路，也就是说，它缺少代码参与与投入。
|
||||
|
||||
今天, Sigil的主要维护者[宣布](http://sigildev.blogspot.ro/2013/09/sigil-status.html)Sigil "到现在为止有零个外来贡献者"， 因为缺少开发者参与而处在“垂死边缘”.
|
||||
今天，Sigil的主要维护者[宣布][1]Sigil “到现在为止有零个外来贡献者”， 因为缺少开发者参与而处在“垂死边缘”。
|
||||
|
||||
因此, 开发者已将Sigil移动到GitHub上托管(从之前的Google Code上), 希望新的开发区,--GitHub--, 可以吸引新的感兴趣的开发者参与这个项目的开发, "我决定将项目搬到GitHub以帮助吸引贡献者"，开发者表示.
|
||||
因此,，开发者已将Sigil移动到GitHub上托管（从之前的Google Code上），希望新的开发区—— GitHub ——，可以吸引新的感兴趣的开发者参与这个项目的开发， "我决定将项目搬到GitHub以帮助吸引贡献者"，开发者表示。
|
||||
|
||||
该项目的新地址在[https://github.com/user-none/Sigil](https://github.com/user-none/Sigil).
|
||||
该项目的新地址在： https://github.com/user-none/Sigil。
|
||||
|
||||
"Sigil的观点非常漂亮.我不敢说他将来会怎么样，但是我希望转移到GitHub后有更多的人可以参与进来，帮助Sigil继续成长".
|
||||
"Sigil非常漂亮，我不敢说他将来会怎么样，但是我希望转移到GitHub后有更多的人可以参与进来，帮助Sigil继续成长"
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://iloveubuntu.net/powerful-ebook-editor-sigil-moved-new-development-area-looking-code-contributions-and-active
|
||||
|
||||
@ -37,6 +38,4 @@ via: http://iloveubuntu.net/powerful-ebook-editor-sigil-moved-new-development-ar
|
||||
[Vito]:http://linux.cn/space/vito
|
||||
[Jiefu]:http://linux.cn/space/Jiefu
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://iloveubuntu.net/powerful-ebook-editor-sigil-moved-new-development-area-looking-code-contributions-and-active
|
||||
[2]:http://sigildev.blogspot.ro/2013/09/sigil-status.html
|
||||
[3]:https://github.com/user-none/Sigil
|
||||
[1]:http://sigildev.blogspot.ro/2013/09/sigil-status.html
|
||||
@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
|
||||
Ranger – 给命令行用户一个基于文本的文件管理器
|
||||
=========================================================
|
||||
======================================
|
||||
|
||||
图形文件管理器是每个人日常电脑工作的一部分。多数用户都乐于使用默认的文件管理器，并且对于探索替代的文件管理器没有太大的困扰。但是，当它涉及到命令行（CLI）文件管理器，用户在稳定下来用最好的之前可能有兴趣尝试各种可用的文件管理器--适合他们的需求。在这篇文章中，我们将讨论/评审Ranger - 基于命令行的文件管理器。
|
||||
图形文件管理器是每个人日常电脑工作的一部分。多数用户都乐于使用默认的文件管理器，并且没有那么多困扰让他们去探索替代的文件管理器。但是，当使用命令行（CLI）的文件管理器，用户在找到一个最好的之前，可能有兴趣尝试各种可用的文件管理器，以适合他们的需求。在这篇文章中，我们将来看看Ranger，一个基于命令行的文件管理器。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
注释-这篇文章中的所有示例和使用说明在ubuntu13.04上已通过测试。
|
||||
**注释**：这篇文章中的所有示例和使用说明在ubuntu13.04上已通过测试。
|
||||
|
||||
##Ranger - 命令行文件管理器
|
||||
###Ranger - 命令行文件管理器
|
||||
|
||||
Ranger是一个基于命令行的文件管理器窗口菜单，有一个简单而简约的用户界面。它使用基本的vi导航键绑定，能够预览文件和用默认程序打开它们。
|
||||
Ranger是一个基于ncurses库的命令行文件管理器，有一个简单而简约的用户界面。它使用基本的vi式的导航键，能够预览文件和用默认程序打开它们。
|
||||
|
||||
###如何使用Ranger
|
||||
|
||||
@ -17,17 +17,17 @@ Ranger是一个基于命令行的文件管理器窗口菜单，有一个简单
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你可以看到在单独的列上ranger显示了目录，子目录，目录里的内容。例如，如上图所示，在窗口最左边一列，代表我的系统在/home/目录下有三个目录。在这三种目录里，himanhu目录是当前已被选择的。
|
||||
你可以看到在单独的列上ranger显示了目录，子目录和目录里的内容。例如，如上图所示，在窗口最左边一列，代表我的系统在/home/目录下有三个目录。在这三种目录里，himanhu目录是当前已被选择的。
|
||||
|
||||
第二列代表himanshu目录的子目录。这些，图片子目录是当前被选择的。同样的，第三列代表呈现在图片目录的所有文件。
|
||||
第二列代表himanshu目录的子目录。这里，Pictures子目录是当前被选择的。同样的，第三列代表呈现在图片目录的所有文件。
|
||||
|
||||
注释 - 你可以使用左右键选择一个特定的列并且使用上下键穿梭于这些列中。
|
||||
**注释**：你可以使用左右键选择一个特定的列并且使用上下键穿梭于这些列中。
|
||||
|
||||
Ranger使用默认程序去显示不同类型的文件。例如，当我导航到第三列如之前的截图并且按下我选择的文件workspace_switcher.png。下面会出现：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
所以，你可以看到ranger在图像浏览器中打开文件。这个文件管理器另一个功能是一被选择就能在文件管理器中预览文件。
|
||||
所以，你可以看到ranger在图像浏览器中打开文件。这个文件管理器另一个功能是，被选择的文件如果可能的话，可以在文件管理器中预览文件。
|
||||
|
||||
这是示例截图：
|
||||
|
||||
@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Ranger使用默认程序去显示不同类型的文件。例如，当我导航
|
||||
|
||||
所以你可以看到当CMS文件被选中时，预览它的内容被显示在窗口的右边。如果想要读取完整文件，只需点击右键头，文件将在vi/vim编辑器中打开。退出vi/vim编辑器使用：q 回到文件管理器。
|
||||
|
||||
注释 - 预览图片需要一些依赖被满足。更多方面的信息：[在这里][1]阅读部分依赖关系。
|
||||
注释 - 预览图片需要一些支持库。更多方面的信息：[可以看这里][1]阅读支持部分。
|
||||
|
||||
这是关于使用ranger的一些提示：
|
||||
|
||||
@ -68,20 +68,20 @@ Ranger使用默认程序去显示不同类型的文件。例如，当我导航
|
||||
|
||||
**总结**
|
||||
|
||||
ranger被承诺为一个很好的实用程序。我将推荐这个程序给那些工作在服务器上的用户（不含GUI）。如果你花大量的时间在命令行上并且在寻找一个好的命令行管理器，Ranger可能是一个好的选择..如果你的期望不是太高，ranger不会使你失望。
|
||||
Ranger是一个很好的实用程序。我将推荐这个程序给那些工作在服务器上的用户（不含GUI）。如果你主要使用命令行，并且在寻找一个好的命令行管理器，Ranger可能是一个好的选择。如果你的期望不是太高，ranger不会使你失望。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://mylinuxbook.com/ranger-command-line-file-manager/
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Vito][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
译者：[Vito][] 校对：[wxy][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[Vito]:http://linux.cn/space/vito
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
[wxy]:http://linux.cn/space/wxy
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://ranger.nongnu.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://ranger.nongnu.org/index.html
|
||||
[3]:http://ranger.nongnu.org/download.html
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
|
||||
A Visual History Of The Last 20 Years Of Open Source Code
|
||||
==========
|
||||
Many people forget that Emacs Lisp was once one of the most used open source programming languages.
|
||||
----------
|
||||
The rise in popularity of modern connected computing can be traced to the late 1980s and early 1990s. The personal computer and later the World Wide Web combined to create an unprecedented explosion in the availability of information and the ability to immediately connect to our fellow humans.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Image of Open Cola, an open source soft drink, courtesy Wikipedia Commons
|
||||
|
||||
To the layman, it may seem like magic. But to the people who actually built these systems, using programming languages to manipulate how computers, servers, the Web and other services function just as they were meant to.
|
||||
|
||||
Most of these programming languages are open, meaning that anybody can use them and add to their functionality. But just as computing has significantly evolved in the last 20 years, so too have the programming languages that developers use to make those computers work. Nothing is static, everything is always evolving.
|
||||
|
||||
For instance, did you know that one of the most popular open source programming languages in 1993 was Emacs Lisp? For those of you that have never heard of an Emacs, it is a text editor very popular created by free-software guru Richard Stallman that is used among the Linux developer crowd. Because of its extensibility, a lot of programmers use it to create code, because there aren't a lot of full-fledged integrated developer environments (IDEs) for Linux and what few there are tend to be eschewed. Emacs Lisp is a derivative of the older Lisp programming language.
|
||||
|
||||
The C programming language was the most popular open source code in 1993 with 51% of total commits in the first quarter that year. Make, a [utility that automatically builds executable programs and libraries from source code][1] for Unix developers, was used by 6% of developers in 1993.
|
||||
|
||||
In the first quarter of 2013, Java was the most used open source code with 12%. C++ registered 11% while HTML had 10%.
|
||||
|
||||
All of these open source programming languages would have influence on what was to come. C has influenced the evolution of languages like C++, Python, Javascript and Perl. Java helped form the foundations for C# while Python has influenced Ruby.
|
||||
|
||||
The evolution will continue. In 1993 there were nearly 40 open source programming languages. In 2013 there are almost 100 and new ideas are being created every day.
|
||||
|
||||
Check out the infographic from mobile cloud services company [Kinvey][2] charting the last 20 years of open source code. Data for the infographic was pooled from [Ohloh.net][3] and [Black Duck Software][4].
|
||||
|
||||
[Kinvey notes][5]:
|
||||
|
||||
> We were able to visualize the percentage of total commits in a given quarter for the top 16 programming languages from 1993 until today. We hope you’ll find this image—a provocative pattern of dips and spikes—to be as interesting as we do. It truly shows how dynamic the world of programming is. We’ve also included a few graphs on other interesting data points: total number of languages by year, average lines of code per commit, and tracking which languages influenced the development of others.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://readwrite.com/2013/09/17/a-visual-history-of-the-last-20-years-of-open-source-code
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Mr小眼儿][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_(software)
|
||||
[2]:http://www.kinvey.com/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.ohloh.net/
|
||||
[4]:http://www.blackducksoftware.com/
|
||||
[5]:http://www.kinvey.com/blog/3242/a-brief-history-of-open-source-code-infographic
|
||||
103
sources/Glances – An All In One System Monitoring Tool.md
Normal file
103
sources/Glances – An All In One System Monitoring Tool.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
|
||||
Glances – An All In One System Monitoring Tool
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
There are very few command line tools that aim to provide a user with maximum possible information irrespective of the terminal size. Most of the utilities respond in similar manner — Either the display of information gets messed up or tool gives an error. But, one such tool that displays a lot of system/network monitoring related information from a 80X24 terminal to any bigger size terminal is **Glances**.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**NOTE** – All the examples presented in this article are tested on bash shell in Ubuntu 13.04.
|
||||
|
||||
**A Brief Tutorial**
|
||||
|
||||
Glances is a system monitoring tool that is capable of producing a variety of system related information on your terminal. Some of information includes :
|
||||
|
||||
- CPU related information
|
||||
- Disk IO related information
|
||||
- Memory related information
|
||||
- Mount points related information
|
||||
- Network interface related information
|
||||
- Processes related information
|
||||
- etc.
|
||||
|
||||
Here is an example snapshot of glances :
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
It is written in python and utilizes [psutils][1] library to fetch all the system related information it displays. Glances is very flexible in terms of the display i.e., it tries to display maximum information on terminal of size as small as 80X24.
|
||||
|
||||
Here is a snapshot of glances on a smaller terminal:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
So you can see that it displayed some information even on a smaller terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
You can not only use Glances for local system monitoring but it can also be used for monitoring of remote system. To use glances on remote system, run the following command :
|
||||
|
||||
glances -s
|
||||
|
||||
and at the client side, execute :
|
||||
|
||||
glances -c [ip-address-of-server]
|
||||
|
||||
Here are some important points that user should keep in mind while using glances in client/server mode [Taken from official glances documentation] :
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Besides, there are several command line options available for customizing information like :
|
||||
|
||||
- Use -m to disable mount related information
|
||||
- Use -n to disable network related information
|
||||
- Use -P to define password while running in client/server mode.
|
||||
- Use -t to set the screen refresh time interval
|
||||
- etc
|
||||
|
||||
Go through the [man page][2] to explore and find more such options.
|
||||
|
||||
Besides command line options, glances provides many help options that you can use while glances is running. Here is a list of these options :
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
So you can see that glances is not only flexible in display but is also highly customizable.
|
||||
|
||||
**Download/Install**
|
||||
|
||||
Here are some important links related to glances tool :
|
||||
|
||||
- [Home Page][3]
|
||||
- [Download Page][4]
|
||||
- [Documentation][5]
|
||||
|
||||
You can download and install Glances from source but that would require python-dev module to be pre-installed. Ubuntu users can directly download and install through Ubuntu Software Centre. The version used for this review is 1.7.1 with PsUtil 0.6.1.
|
||||
|
||||
**Pros**
|
||||
|
||||
- Provides a lot of system related information under one roof
|
||||
- Flexible display
|
||||
|
||||
**Cons**
|
||||
|
||||
- Smaller display must include some indication that more information could be displayed.
|
||||
- Build from source depends on additional libraries like python-dev.
|
||||
|
||||
**Conclusion**
|
||||
|
||||
Glances is a tool that can be used by system administrators to quickly get an overview of complete system. It’s a good tool to have in your kitty that can come in handy while debugging some system related problems. The flexibility in display is always an add on.
|
||||
|
||||
Have you ever used Glances or a similar tool? What was your experience? Share your story.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://mylinuxbook.com/glances-an-all-in-one-system-monitoring-tool/
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://code.google.com/p/psutil/
|
||||
[2]:http://linux.die.net/man/1/glances
|
||||
[3]:http://nicolargo.github.io/glances/
|
||||
[4]:http://nicolargo.github.io/glances/
|
||||
[5]:https://github.com/nicolargo/glances/blob/master/docs/glances-doc.rst#introduction
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
|
||||
JUST IN: BlackBerry confirms 4,500 jobs cut, slashes device portfolio
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> Summary: No, Planetary Resource isn't kidding. It’s working on using Linux, open-source software, and commercial off-the-shelf hardware to build the first robotic asteroid miners.
|
||||
|
||||
When I was a kid in the 60s, books such as Miss Pickerell on the Moon, On the Trail of the Space Pirates, and Robert A. Heinlein's The Rolling Stones had me dreaming of flying rockets to asteroids with my trusty Geiger counter and pick-axe in hand. It was science fiction then. [Planetary Resources][1] is on its way to making it science-fact within the next few years.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*By 2014, Planetary Resources first Linux-powered asteroid prospecting robots will be in orbit. (Credit: Planetary Resources)*
|
||||
|
||||
At a [LinuxCon][2] session in New Orleans, Planetary Resources' Marc Allen, a Senior Embedded Systems Engineer, and Ray Ramadorai, Principal Avionics Engineer, explained that the company is dead serious about making asteroid mining real. The company’s principals include [X-Prize Foundation][3] founder Peter Diamandis; former NASA Flight Director Chris Lewicki; [Virgin Galactic's][4] Sir Richard Branson, and Google's Eric Schmidt and Larry Page. The staff includes numerous folks from NASA and JPL. In short, the company has real expertise and financial backing. The group is also using crowdsourcing both for resources and to drum up support for its plans.
|
||||
|
||||
At the same time, Planetary Resources wants to mine asteroids on the cheap. So according to Allen, the company plans to use commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware to make low cost, highly reliable spacecraft. Once these spacecraft become commodities, they can rapidly be modified to keep pace with modern technology. In addition, the failure of any one spacecraft will not be catastrophic. Ramadorai explained, "This approach is crucial to commercial space exploration and development, and is a key part of the Planetary Resources strategy."
|
||||
|
||||
A COTS spaceship's computer is also much cheaper. Today, a standard space probe uses a 133Mz PowerPC RAD750 with 128MBS of RAM, and 256K of EEPROM memory. At a cost of $20,000, this radiation- hardened computer is "insanely expensive." Allen believes that "We can use something like an 1.6GHz Intel Atom Z530processor at 1/200th [of] the cost."
|
||||
|
||||
Linux and open-source software fits in because it saves the company the costs of reinventing the wheel in many basic system functions and is much cheaper than traditional spacecraft software. "Traditional missions cost millions," said Allen. They're very risk conservative. They use VxWorks or other commercial RTOS (real-time operating systems) to create a unique operating system for each space vehicle."
|
||||
|
||||
With Linux, however, Planetary Resource can build a common spaceship operating system more cheaply and much more easily. Almost all software used in the current generation of spacecraft is custom made and manually coded. That's expensive.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition, the company considers virtualization is very important for their spacecraft, since decoupling the software and hardware virtualization will make security and fault isolation much easier.
|
||||
|
||||
Planetary Resources won't be using Linux only in space. "Linux can be everywhere in our stack, said Allen. "There will be a single board computer running Linux on the spacecraft and on the ground station, a single board virtual machine clone." This will better enable engineers to troubleshoot problems harmlessly on the ground rather than address them dangerously in space.
|
||||
|
||||
## Hubble snaps amazing Comet ISON speeding toward Earth encounter (Gallery) ##
|
||||
|
||||
In addition, Planetary Resources will use Linux and other open-source programs, such as [Git][5] and [Jenkins][6] to manage its software projects. The company will also be using [Monte-Carlo simulations][7] on open-source-based cloud using [QEMU][8] to work out the best, and most affordable, asteroids to mine.
|
||||
|
||||
Affordable in this case means how easy they'll be to intercept. According to the pair from Planetary Resources, we’re currently aware of at almost 600,000 asteroids today, and there may be as many as 1.5-million of them.
|
||||
|
||||
Most of these, of course, are in the [asteroid belt][9] between Mars and Jupiter. But, there are over 20,000 near-Earth asteroids that are larger than 100-meters in diameter. Of these, 17 percent, 3,400 are energetically closer than the moon. It's these relatively close asteroids that Planetary Resources will be "prospecting."
|
||||
|
||||
The company will do this with its ARKYD series of robot spaceships. The first of the [ARKYD 100 Series][10], should be in orbit in 2014. These are microwave-oven-sized commercial space telescopes that will look for asteroids that may be likely sources of water or valuable minerals.
|
||||
|
||||
Promising asteroids will be followed by ARKYD 200 Series fly-by missions for a closer look. Then, once the most valuable asteroids have been spotted, the 300 ARKYD series will land—dock, actually—and get to work mining the asteroid.
|
||||
|
||||
Why is Planetary Resources doing this? For the money.
|
||||
|
||||
A 140-meter long asteroid, like 2011 AG5, which will approach Earth in 2040, could contain more platinum than all the platinum mined on Earth to date. The price for platinum, by the by, is currently about $1,427 per ounce.
|
||||
|
||||
It’s possible, then, that a single asteroid could be worth tens of billions of dollars. So if you could mine it for even a a billion or two, you'd still have enough to buy your own private island.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition, Planetary Resources is mining for water, to be used to fuel both other near-Earth orbit and deep space robot asteroid mining spaceships.
|
||||
|
||||
Sound interesting? Allen concluded by saying that "[We're looking for a few good asteroid miners.][11]" In particular, the company is looking for software and electrical engineers. If you love space and open-source software, this may be the job for you.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.zdnet.com/penguins-in-space-asteroid-mining-and-linux-7000020989/
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.planetaryresources.com/
|
||||
[2]:http://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/linuxcon-north-america
|
||||
[3]:http://www.xprize.org/
|
||||
[4]:http://www.virgingalactic.com/
|
||||
[5]:http://git-scm.com/
|
||||
[6]:http://jenkins-ci.org/
|
||||
[7]:http://www.palisade.com/risk/monte_carlo_simulation.asp
|
||||
[8]:http://wiki.qemu.org/Main_Page
|
||||
[9]:http://www.space.com/16105-asteroid-belt.html
|
||||
[10]:http://www.planetaryresources.com/products/
|
||||
[11]:http://www.planetaryresources.com/careers/
|
||||
42
sources/Lightweight Markup Languages.md
Normal file
42
sources/Lightweight Markup Languages.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
|
||||
Lightweight Markup Languages
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
A lightweight markup language is a modern system for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text, and designed with a simple readable syntax. In fact, the syntax is so basic that anyone can quickly learn to use these markup languages. The key advantage of this type of language is that it is designed to be easy to enter the annotated text in a text editor, and at the same time easy to follow the document source.
|
||||
|
||||
This type of language has plain text formats, with very simple special characters or strings that mark up section headers, lists, tables, link syntax, font faces and so on.
|
||||
|
||||
There are a number of uses for lightweight markup languages. We live in a world where there is a constant stream of emails, memos, articles, reports, and tweets. Many people write, rearrange and reuse text. Lightweight markup languages are helpful in this regard, saving lots of time over hand-crafted HTML tags, speeding up any writing-related process. They also are particularly strong where the reader wants to read the document source as well as the output. Moreover, they are frequently used in web-based publishing, including wikis and weblogs.
|
||||
|
||||
By using these open source tools, individuals can produce high quality annotated text within a few minutes, and at no cost at all. The code is portable, and can be output to documents in a wide array of formats.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, let's explore the 7 lightweight markup languages at hand. For each title we have compiled its own portal page, a full description with an in-depth analysis of its features, together with links to relevant resources and reviews.
|
||||
|
||||
- **[Markdown][1]** --Markup language and Text-to-HTML conversion tool
|
||||
- **[MultiMarkdown][2]** --Based on Markdown with additional features
|
||||
- **[AsciiDoc][3]** --Presentable text document format for writing articles
|
||||
- **[Textile][4]** --Billed as a "humane web text generator"
|
||||
- **[Texy][5]** --Text-to-XHTML formatter and converter library
|
||||
- **[Tome][6]** --Markup Language and Tool Suite for Authors
|
||||
- **[reStructuredText][7]** --Markup Syntax and Parser Component of Docutils
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20130921022758982/LightweightMarkupLanguages.html
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/
|
||||
[2]:http://fletcherpenney.net/multimarkdown/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.methods.co.nz/asciidoc/
|
||||
[4]:http://textile.sitemonks.com/
|
||||
[5]:http://texy.info/en/
|
||||
[6]:https://bitbucket.org/bmearns/tome/
|
||||
[7]:http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
|
||||
Linux Seeks Help From More (And More Diverse) Coders
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*Sarah Sharp and Linus Torvalds (second from right) at LinuxCon. Photo: Linux Foundation*
|
||||
|
||||
Linus Torvalds and Intel developer Sarah Sharp met face-to-face on Wednesday, their first public encounter since their [mailing list contretemps][1] over the blunt way Torvalds treats the software coders who work on Linux, the massively popular open source operating system he created and still oversees.
|
||||
|
||||
But there weren’t any fireworks. They didn’t even address the issues Sharp raised this summer.
|
||||
|
||||
Speaking at a Linux user conference, held in New Orleans and [streamed over the web,][2] Sharp sidestepped any controversy, but she did tell her audience that the Linux project needed to find new ways of hanging on to people who contribute to “the kernel,” the software at the heart of the operating system.
|
||||
|
||||
“We bring a lot of new people into the kernel and people do one-off patches,” she said, referring to small software contributions. “But there really needs to be a way for people to get a larger, beefier project within the kernel and to get some one-on-one mentorship.”
|
||||
|
||||
> ‘There really needs to be a way for people to get a larger, beefier project within the kernel and to get some one-on-one mentorship’
|
||||
>
|
||||
> — Sarah Sharp
|
||||
|
||||
Torvalds conceded that although the kernel process may seem difficult in some respects, it’s still pretty easy to write some code and have it accepted. “People talk about how hard the kernel is, but at the same time, just look at the numbers. It can’t be that hard to get involved.”
|
||||
|
||||
The Linux Foundation says that more than 10,000 developers have contributed to the Linux kernel since 2005. That’s a massive number, but there’s always a need for new blood, and the community is far from diverse. Sharp is one of the few women who work on the project — [she estimates][3] that only 1 to 2 percent of kernel developers are women — and it’s unclear how many ethnic minorities are represented.
|
||||
|
||||
As Sharp indicated back in July, some people may be turned off by the blunt way coders are often treated on the project. And this kind of treatment can be particularly discouraging if you’re someone who doesn’t fit into the white-male culture that has traditionally dominated software development.
|
||||
|
||||
This summer, Sharp took Torvalds to task for his habit of flaming people on the kernel mailing list. “Linus, you’re one of the worst offenders when it comes to verbally abusing people and publicly tearing their emotions apart,” she wrote in a mailing list post.
|
||||
|
||||
But Torvalds says that “professionalism” is the last thing he wants, and that non-corporate nature of Linux helps set it apart. He manages the core component of the most important operating system on the planet from the home-office above his garage, sometimes in his bathrobe.
|
||||
|
||||
He and Sharp will eventually discuss their differences. It’s just that we may not get the chance to hear them. They’re set to discuss things at the closed-door [Linux Kernel Summit][4] in Edinburgh next month.
|
||||
|
||||
And though Linux is mostly written by white men, the community is taking [some baby steps][5] toward changing that. Sharp herself coordinates an internship program to mentor women in participating in open-source projects. (She said that two of her fledgling female hackers were presenting at the conference — and looking for jobs). And for the first time ever, there was a Women in Open Source lunch at LinuxCon.
|
||||
|
||||
About 60 women showed up for that, said Jennifer Cloer a Linux Foundation spokeswoman. “I didn’t expect that many,” she says.
|
||||
|
||||
Oh, and there’s one more thing. Now you can get LinuxCon T-shirts in women’s sizes. They started doing that last year. 1
|
||||
|
||||
*1Correction 17:55 EST 09/19/13: An earlier version of this story incorrectly stated that this was the first year LinuxCon shirts were available in women’s sizes. They were introduced in 2012.*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2013/09/linuxcon/
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2013/07/linus-torvalds-right-to-offend/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84Sx0E13gAo&feature=youtu.be
|
||||
[3]:http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2013/07/sarah_sharp/
|
||||
[4]:http://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/linux-kernel-summit
|
||||
[5]:http://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/linuxcon-north-america/extend-the-experience/women-attendees
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
|
||||
TrueCrypt, powerful-yet-friendly encryption application
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
[TrueCrypt][1] is a free open-source powerful, complex and advanced encryption application that provides a qualitative encryption, while containing user-friendly easily-graspable interface and capabilities.
|
||||
|
||||
Essentially, TrueCrypt all
|
||||
ows the user to encrypt files, files then decrypted and enjoyed as regular files, yet, being accessible only via the user's password and non-accessible, fully encrypted for other-than-the-user persons.
|
||||
|
||||
Among its **features**, TrueCrypt comes with:
|
||||
|
||||
- ability to create encrypted folders and to present them as real disks
|
||||
- support to encrypt storage devices (like for example, USB sticks) and partitions
|
||||
- automatic on-the-fly encryption with gains for security
|
||||
- optimized usage of system resources, permitting fast readings of its encrypted data similar in speed to non-encrypted data
|
||||
|
||||
TrueCrypt comes with **on-the-fly** encryption, meaning:
|
||||
|
||||
- data is automatically encrypted before it is saved
|
||||
- data is decrypted after it is loaded
|
||||
- for example, playing a video clip from an encrypted folder, portion-by-portion decrypts the pieces needed by RAM (and video player) directly in RAM, "TrueCrypt never saves any decrypted data to a disk, it only stores them temporarily in RAM"
|
||||
|
||||
**Creating** an encrypted folder with TrueCrypt is doable by following the below steps:
|
||||
|
||||
- [download][2] TrueCrypt 7.1
|
||||
- unpack the archive and type in a terminal (if the archive was unpacked in Downloads)
|
||||
|
||||
> cd Downloads
|
||||
|
||||
> ./truecrypt-7.1a-setup-x64
|
||||
|
||||
(change the file name for 32-bit accordingly)
|
||||
|
||||
- then, follow the clickable steps, action that installs TrueCrypt
|
||||
- launch TrueCrypt via the Dash by typing `truecrypt` in the search area
|
||||
- create a new to-be-encrypted folder by navigating to `TrueCrypt-->Volumes-->Create New Volume`
|
||||
- check `Create an encrypted file container` and hit `Next`
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- check `Standard Truecrypt volume` and hit `Next`
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
click on `Select File`, create a new folder/item inside a preferred location (like for example, the item `123` inside the `Music` folder) and hit `Next`
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- hit again `Next` (the AES encryption algorithm is selected by default)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- choose a size (typing, for example, `100` in the writable field with `MB` next to it, creates an 100MB folder)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- create a password
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- select a filesystem type (such as `Linux Ext4`)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- check `I will mount the volume only on Linux` (if that is the case)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- move vigorously the mouse pointer for several seconds and click on `Format` and enter one's password, action that completes the encrypted-item's creation process
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Opening** now the just-encrypted folder is to be achieved by launching TrueCrypt, clicking on `Select File`, locating the encrypted item and hitting the bottom-area's `Mount` button, action that mounts/opens the encrypted folder.
|
||||
|
||||
Next, the user is able to act on the encrypted folder similarly to a regular folder, therefore, being able to copy images to it, rename files, open images by double-clicking on them, etc.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Clicking on the `Dismount` button, dismounts the encrypted location, the result: the location disappears from Nautilus' sidebar, while the file becomes non-accessible when clicking on it.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://iloveubuntu.net/truecrypt-powerful-yet-friendly-encryption-application
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Mr小眼儿][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.truecrypt.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.truecrypt.org/downloads
|
||||
81
sources/Ubuntu Touch HD Screenshot Tour – The Road So Far.md
Normal file
81
sources/Ubuntu Touch HD Screenshot Tour – The Road So Far.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
|
||||
Ubuntu Touch HD Screenshot Tour – The Road So Far
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Ubuntu Touch will be released in a little over a month, which means that the operating systems is getting pretty close to its stable version. We took a look at the interface and functions and we put together a comprehensive screenshot tour.
|
||||
|
||||
The general feel and design that has been presented back in January for Ubuntu Touch has been kept, but the operating system is no longer full of dummy apps. Most of applications included by default are now working.
|
||||
|
||||
This means that if you download and install today Ubuntu Touch you will have a minimally working phone. You will be able to call and receive calls, and to send and receive SMS messages. The browser is also working, along with the image viewer and the gallery.
|
||||
|
||||
Other features include a minimal Contacts feature, a smoother launcher, a calendar, and camera. This latest app includes a lot of features and some of them are not even available on other operating systems.
|
||||
|
||||
There are still a few problems with some of the base features, such as the clock, which can’t be set manually, and there isn’t an alarm app available.
|
||||
|
||||
As expected, this is not a stable version and it will not provide a smooth ride. Canonical has implemented an OTA update functionality and the developers are pushing updates on a daily basis. When the 1.0 version will be made available, on October 17 if everything goes well, Ubuntu Touch should be a lot better.
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Touch is developed, so far, for the Nexus 4 and 7 devices from LG and Google, but it’s expected to arrive on multiple other devices with the help of the XDA developers.
|
||||
|
||||
If just these features will be available by the time of the launch, including a way to import Gmail contacts and a simple email application, a lot of users will be ready to abandon their current operating system.
|
||||
|
||||
If you don’t know already, Ubuntu Touch is an operating system developed by Canonical for phones and tablets. It features a design without buttons and it relies solely on touch input, hence the name.
|
||||
|
||||
Check the gallery below to see how the interface has evolved and what are the features implemented so far.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-Touch-Screenshot-Tour-The-Road-So-Far-385145.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
|
||||
Valve Revealing First Part of Linux Invasion on Monday
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
On Monday Valve tossed up a teaser site promising new info.
|
||||
|
||||
Just days after Gabe Newell hinted to a possible Steam Box reveal next week, [Valve Software on Friday sent along this link][1] stating that the Steam Universe is expanding in 2014. Placed under the heading is a large-screen HDTV with a portal glaring back like a blue-black eye, and three smaller portals underneath, one of which has a countdown timer (71 hours to go at this writing).
|
||||
|
||||
"Last year, we shipped a software feature called Big Picture, a user-interface tailored for televisions and gamepads," the company teases. "This year we've been working on even more ways to connect the dots for customers who want Steam in the living-room. Soon, we'll be adding you to our design process, so that you can help us shape the future of Steam."
|
||||
|
||||
Valve said in an email that next week, the company will be talking about steps it's taking to make Steam more accessible on televisions and the living room. The first announcement will be on Monday morning, hence the first portal with the countdown timer. That said, bookmark the link and see what the company has in store beginning next week.
|
||||
|
||||
[During LinuxCon in New Orleans earlier this week][2], Gabe Newell said that Linux is the future of PC gaming because there are no closed networks; it's an open-source environment that ultimately will provide a cheaper gaming platform for PC gamers because there's no added OS costs. Updates should also not be an issue with an open environment -- he said it took six months just to get an app update approved by Apple.
|
||||
|
||||
Valve has already proven its Linux dedication by launching a standalone Linux client in February, and added 198 games to its Linux library. However, Newell hinted to the possible Linux-based Steam Box by illustrating how Linux can eliminate the complexities of having hardware with proprietary software in the living room. Gamers want their systems to be simple and not locked to specific hardware sets for many years.
|
||||
|
||||
He said that bringing Steam to Linux "was a signal for our development partners that we really were serious about this Linux thing we were talking about." The company is also contributing to the LLDB debugger project and co-developing an additional debugger. Currently, [Linux gaming accounts for less than one percent of the market][3], including players, player minutes, and revenue. Valve looks to change that.
|
||||
|
||||
"It feels a bit funny coming here and telling you guys that Linux and open source are the future of gaming," Newell said after walking on stage. "Sort of like going to Rome and teaching Catholicism to the Pope, so bear with me."
|
||||
|
||||
Rumors surrounding Steam Box have focused on the user's ability to upgrade the device when needed, which is why everyone was sure that Xi3 Corp's Piston machine was the flagship device. But sources close to the two companies said the relationship fizzled during CES 2013 in January, so now we're left wondering what will actually power Valve's platform. Yet the company has stated several times in the past that Steam Box won't be a specific hardware set, but more like a Steam Box certification for multiple hardware solutions from partners.
|
||||
|
||||
"Next week, we're going to be rolling out more information about how we get [living room unification], and what are the hardware opportunities that we see for bringing Linux into the living room and potentially pointing further down the road to how we can get it even more unified in mobile."
|
||||
|
||||
See you Monday.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tomshardware.com/news/valve-gabe-newell-steam-box-linux-monday,24342.html
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://steampowered.com/livingroom
|
||||
[2]:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gzn6E2m3otg#t=1369
|
||||
[3]:http://arstechnica.com/gaming/2013/09/gabe-newell-linux-is-the-future-of-gaming-new-hardware-coming-soon/
|
||||
40
sources/Weather App refines its visuals.md
Normal file
40
sources/Weather App refines its visuals.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
|
||||
Weather App refines its visuals
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Weather App is an [Ubuntu SDK][2] application, designed in mind with gathering, managing and exposing relevant weather informations into a classy good-looking interface.
|
||||
|
||||
Multiple cities, monochrome icons, date, ability to scroll through and observe hour-bound weather informations, additional weather details housed in flipped views, are among the features already implemented in the handy weather tool.
|
||||
|
||||
[Weather App][2] has been updated to yet-another interesting release, bringing visual refinements for its text-based notifications.
|
||||
|
||||
Hitting now the bottom-bar's `Refresh` button, exposes the data-refresh activity with an enriched activity indicator, a box containing the spinning circle into a white-ish container, while adding the `Loading` text to the spinner, generating user-friendliness and more clarity into the weather application.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Weeks ago, Weather App received support for notifications related to faulty situations, meaning, in cases like unavailable Internet connectivity, Weather App transmits to the user its inactive state.
|
||||
|
||||
The mentioned faulty-cases notification has adopted the same white-ish rounded subtly-shadowed look, containing `Couldn't load weather data, please try again later` description, as opposed to the old behavior when the notification was exposed on a dark-ish transparent overlay featuring a dedicated view (the full window).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
How do we **install** Weather App 0.3?
|
||||
Add the following **official** PPA (Ubuntu 13.04, Ubuntu 13.10)
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-sdk-team/ppa && sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-touch-coreapps-drivers/daily
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-sdk ubuntu-weather-app
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via:http://iloveubuntu.net/weather-app-refines-its-visuals
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://developer.ubuntu.com/get-started/
|
||||
[2]:https://launchpad.net/ubuntu-weather-app
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
|
||||
我是标题党：“高清无码大图”展示开源编程语言的20年历史
|
||||
==========
|
||||
也许，很多人已经忘记，那时，Emacs Lisp还是最受欢迎的开源编程语言之一……
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
现代计算机的逐渐流行可以追溯到上世纪80年代末、90年代初。个人电脑和后来的因特网相结合，创造出史无前例的信息爆炸，人们有能力在瞬间就连接上地球另一端的同胞。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
上图为开放可乐（Open Cola），一种开源软饮料，感谢维基百科供图。
|
||||
|
||||
外行人看起来就像是魔法。但对于亲自建立这些系统的人们来说，使用编程语言操纵计算机、服务器、Web服务等等功能，却是如此平常自然。
|
||||
|
||||
大多数编程语言都是开源的，这意味着任何人都可以使用并添加新的功能。因此，开发者们使用的编程语言不断在发展进化，就如同计算机20年来的显著发展变化一样。没有什么是一成不变的，永远不变的只有变化本身。
|
||||
|
||||
举个例子来说，你知道在1993年的时候，Emacs Lisp是最受欢迎的开源编程语言之一吗？也许有读者从未听说过Emacs，这是一款在Linux开发者中非常流行的文本编辑器，由自由软件领袖Richard Stallman开发。由于当时在Linux下并没有多少成熟的集成开发环境（IDEs），就算有，Linuxer们也不屑于使用，而同时Emacs具有良好的可扩展性，所以很多程序员都用它来写代码。Emacs Lisp就是早期Lisp编程语言的一款衍生品。
|
||||
|
||||
同样在1993年的第一季度，C语言编写的代码在代码提交总量中占到了51%，位列最受欢迎的开源编程语言。Make——Unix开发者使用的一款工具，能够将源代码自动生成为可执行程序或库文件，1993年它在开发者中的使用比例仅为6%。
|
||||
|
||||
2013年第一季度，Java成为最受欢迎的开源编程语言，所占比例为12%。C++占比11%，而HTML为10%。
|
||||
|
||||
所有这些开源编程语言都或多或少影响着新语言的诞生。比如C语言，一直深刻影响着编程语言的变革，像C++、Python、Javascript和Perl都是深受C语言的影响；再比如Java帮助形成了C#的基础，而Python则影响了Ruby。
|
||||
|
||||
变革还将持续。1993年只有不到40种开源编程语言。到了2013年，语言数量几乎达到100种，而且每天都在诞生新的ideas。
|
||||
|
||||
看一下移动云计算公司[Kinvey][2]提供的信息图，图中绘制了20年来开源编程语言的历史概况。图表数据来源于[Ohloh.net][3] 和 [黑鸭子软件(Black Duck Software)][4].
|
||||
|
||||
[Kinvey 注][5]:
|
||||
|
||||
> 我们将1993年以来，排名前16的编程语言在给定单季度的代码提交总量中所占的比例进行了可视化。希望你能和我们一样，发现这张图表的有趣之处——从“一家独大”到“群雄并起”，它真实展现了编程世界的活力。我们还将其他一些感兴趣的数据化成了几个小图：语言种类年度总量、各语言每次提交代码的平均行数、追踪哪些语言影响了其他语言的发展。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://readwrite.com/2013/09/17/a-visual-history-of-the-last-20-years-of-open-source-code
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Mr小眼儿] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[Mr小眼儿]:http://linux.cn/space/14801
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_(software)
|
||||
[2]:http://www.kinvey.com/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.ohloh.net/
|
||||
[4]:http://www.blackducksoftware.com/
|
||||
[5]:http://www.kinvey.com/blog/3242/a-brief-history-of-open-source-code-infographic
|
||||
@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Ledger – A Powerful Command Line Accounting Tool For Double-Entry Accounting
|
||||
Ledger-一个命令行下的强大的复式记账的会计工具
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==========
|
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Whether you are a computer geek or a normal user, keeping account of expenses is always essential. While there are many popular GUI based accounting tools available for Linux (For example – [GNUCash][1]), working on a command line accounting tool is hard to imagine for most of the users. In this article, we will discuss a powerful command line accounting tool – **Ledger**.
|
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不管你是一个电脑极客或者一个常规的用户，保持消费的会计帐总是很有用。由于在linux环境下有很多基于GUI（图形化用户界面）的会计工具（如GNUCash）,所以对于大多数用户来说在命令行会计工具上工作就显得无法想想了。在本文中，我们会讨论一个强大的命令行会计工具----Ledger
|
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|
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|
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|
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**Ledger – Double-Entry Accounting Tool**
|
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Ledger _一个复式记账工具
|
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|
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Ledger is a powerful command line tool for double-entry accounting. For those who are new to the term “Double-Entry”, it means that for every transaction there has to be a source. In a layman’s terms, this means, for every credit made into an account, there has to be a debit from an account. So, ledger keeps track of the movement of money and helps you understand your expenses.
|
||||
Ledger是一个强大的命令行式的复式记账工具，对于那些对“复式记账”感到新鲜的用户来说，其意味着对于没一次交易都必须有一个源。按照外行来说，这表明对于会计分录中的每一笔贷方都必须有一个借方与之对应。所以，ledger保持对现金流向的跟踪来帮助你了解你的开销。
|
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Ledger does not have a database of its own, it relies on an expense sheet (a simple text file) maintained by the user. Though there is a particular format of the expense sheet that ledger understands.
|
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Ledger自己没有数据库，而是依赖于一个用户自己维护的开支单（一个简单的文本文件），而这个开支单有一个特定的格式以便ledger进行理解。
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For example, here is a sample expense sheet that I prepared :
|
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例如，我准备了一个如下的开支单样例：
|
||||
|
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|
||||
A couple of points worth noting :
|
||||
有几点值得注意的是：
|
||||
- All the lines under a category (For example – Shopping, Leisure or EMI) are tab indented
|
||||
- Similarly, all the expense figures (including $) are also tab indented
|
||||
- Being Double-Entry accounting tool, it is important to specify both credit and debit. Ledger will give error otherwise.
|
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1.同一个类下的所有行都用tab键缩进（如Shopping,Leisure或EMI）
|
||||
2.类似地，所有的消费金额（包括$）也用tab进行缩进
|
||||
3.作为一个复式记账工具，指定借方和贷方是非常重要的，否则Ledger会报错。
|
||||
**A brief Tutorial**
|
||||
一个简单的入门教程
|
||||
Once the expense sheet is ready, here is how you can check the overall expenses :
|
||||
一旦你的开支单准备好之后，可以通过下面的方式来察看你所有的开销：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
So you can see that through **-f option**, you can specify your expense sheet name and **balance** is a ledger command that processes total payment records which are displayed categorically. Also, the debit payments are shown in RED while expenditure is shown in WHITE.
|
||||
可以看到，通过采用 **-f option**的方式，你可以指定你的开支单文件和一个ledger命令“balance”来处理所有显示的分类中的付款记录。同样，借方付款采用红色字体颜色，贷方开销采用白色字体颜色进行显示。
|
||||
|
||||
As discussed earlier, ledger requires user to enter correct debit-credit details. Here is an example of error when incorrect debit-credit relationship was mentioned in the expense sheet :
|
||||
如上所述，ledger需要用户自己正确地输入借方和贷方的明细，如果开支单中的借方和贷方之间的关系不正确的话，会出现以下的错误。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
I just changed the shopping expense for shoes from $50 to $60 but did not change the payment figure. As you can see that ledger displayed error “**Transaction does not balance**“.
|
||||
我只是简单地将买鞋子的购物开销从$50改为$60，但是没有改变付款项，如你所见，ledger显示出了一个“交易不平衡”的错误。
|
||||
Apart from balance, you can use **register** command to display all the entries corresponding to a report-query.
|
||||
除了资产平衡之外，你也可以使用**register**命令来显示一个报表查询对应的所有实体。
|
||||
For example :
|
||||
例如：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
So, you can see that in the example above - **register** command was used with report-query shopping and all the transaction related to this category were displayed in output.
|
||||
所以，通过上面的例子你可以看到，**register**命令是与购物报表查询一起使用，这样所有与该类相关的交易都被输出进行展示。
|
||||
This was just a tip of an iceberg, ledger provides many other options (including report generation) that are worth trying. Visit the [man page][2] for more.
|
||||
以上这些仅仅是冰山一角，ledger提供了许多其他的值得尝试的选项（包括生成报表），可以通过访问[man ledger]来获取更多的信息。
|
||||
**Pros**
|
||||
总的来说，ledger的优点在于：
|
||||
1.一个强大的特征丰富的会计分录工具
|
||||
2.使用简单
|
||||
3.着色输出
|
||||
- A powerful and feature rich accounting tool
|
||||
- Easy to use
|
||||
- Coloured output.
|
||||
不足之处在于：
|
||||
1.开支单文件需要单独地进行维护
|
||||
2.有一些学习曲线
|
||||
**Cons**
|
||||
|
||||
- Expense file needs to be maintained separately
|
||||
- Has a bit of learning curve
|
||||
|
||||
**Download/Install**
|
||||
下载和安装：
|
||||
Here are some of the important links related to ledger command line tool :
|
||||
这里有一些与ledger命令行工具相关的重要链接。
|
||||
- [Home Page][3]
|
||||
- [Download][4]
|
||||
- [Documentation][5]
|
||||
- [A detailed review on LWN][6]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://mylinuxbook.com/ledger-command-line-accounting-tool-2/
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [theo][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[Vito]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.gnucash.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.ledger-cli.org/3.0/doc/ledger.1.html
|
||||
[3]:http://www.ledger-cli.org/
|
||||
[4]:http://www.ledger-cli.org/download.html
|
||||
[5]:http://www.ledger-cli.org/2.6/ledger.pdf
|
||||
[6]:http://lwn.net/Articles/501681/
|
||||
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