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A Visual History Of The Last 20 Years Of Open Source Code
==========
Many people forget that Emacs Lisp was once one of the most used open source programming languages.
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The rise in popularity of modern connected computing can be traced to the late 1980s and early 1990s. The personal computer and later the World Wide Web combined to create an unprecedented explosion in the availability of information and the ability to immediately connect to our fellow humans.
![](http://readwrite.com/files/opencola_wikipedia.jpg)
Image of Open Cola, an open source soft drink, courtesy Wikipedia Commons
To the layman, it may seem like magic. But to the people who actually built these systems, using programming languages to manipulate how computers, servers, the Web and other services function just as they were meant to.
Most of these programming languages are open, meaning that anybody can use them and add to their functionality. But just as computing has significantly evolved in the last 20 years, so too have the programming languages that developers use to make those computers work. Nothing is static, everything is always evolving.
For instance, did you know that one of the most popular open source programming languages in 1993 was Emacs Lisp? For those of you that have never heard of an Emacs, it is a text editor very popular created by free-software guru Richard Stallman that is used among the Linux developer crowd. Because of its extensibility, a lot of programmers use it to create code, because there aren't a lot of full-fledged integrated developer environments (IDEs) for Linux and what few there are tend to be eschewed. Emacs Lisp is a derivative of the older Lisp programming language.
The C programming language was the most popular open source code in 1993 with 51% of total commits in the first quarter that year. Make, a [utility that automatically builds executable programs and libraries from source code][1] for Unix developers, was used by 6% of developers in 1993.
In the first quarter of 2013, Java was the most used open source code with 12%. C++ registered 11% while HTML had 10%.
All of these open source programming languages would have influence on what was to come. C has influenced the evolution of languages like C++, Python, Javascript and Perl. Java helped form the foundations for C# while Python has influenced Ruby.
The evolution will continue. In 1993 there were nearly 40 open source programming languages. In 2013 there are almost 100 and new ideas are being created every day.
Check out the infographic from mobile cloud services company [Kinvey][2] charting the last 20 years of open source code. Data for the infographic was pooled from [Ohloh.net][3] and [Black Duck Software][4].
[Kinvey notes][5]:
> We were able to visualize the percentage of total commits in a given quarter for the top 16 programming languages from 1993 until today. We hope you’ll find this image—a provocative pattern of dips and spikes—to be as interesting as we do. It truly shows how dynamic the world of programming is. We’ve also included a few graphs on other interesting data points: total number of languages by year, average lines of code per commit, and tracking which languages influenced the development of others.
![](http://readwrite.com/files/open_source_code_history_kinvey_800.jpg)
via: http://readwrite.com/2013/09/17/a-visual-history-of-the-last-20-years-of-open-source-code
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
译者：[Mr小眼儿][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_(software)
[2]:http://www.kinvey.com/
[3]:http://www.ohloh.net/
[4]:http://www.blackducksoftware.com/
[5]:http://www.kinvey.com/blog/3242/a-brief-history-of-open-source-code-infographic

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我是标题党：“高清无码大图”展示开源编程语言的20年历史
==========
也许，很多人已经忘记，那时，Emacs Lisp还是最受欢迎的开源编程语言之一……
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现代计算机的逐渐流行可以追溯到上世纪80年代末、90年代初。个人电脑和后来的因特网相结合，创造出史无前例的信息爆炸，人们有能力在瞬间就连接上地球另一端的同胞。
![](http://readwrite.com/files/opencola_wikipedia.jpg)
上图为开放可乐（Open Cola），一种开源软饮料，感谢维基百科供图。
外行人看起来就像是魔法。但对于亲自建立这些系统的人们来说，使用编程语言操纵计算机、服务器、Web服务等等功能，却是如此平常自然。
大多数编程语言都是开源的，这意味着任何人都可以使用并添加新的功能。因此，开发者们使用的编程语言不断在发展进化，就如同计算机20年来的显著发展变化一样。没有什么是一成不变的，永远不变的只有变化本身。
举个例子来说，你知道在1993年的时候，Emacs Lisp是最受欢迎的开源编程语言之一吗？也许有读者从未听说过Emacs，这是一款在Linux开发者中非常流行的文本编辑器，由自由软件领袖Richard Stallman开发。由于当时在Linux下并没有多少成熟的集成开发环境（IDEs），就算有，Linuxer们也不屑于使用，而同时Emacs具有良好的可扩展性，所以很多程序员都用它来写代码。Emacs Lisp就是早期Lisp编程语言的一款衍生品。
同样在1993年的第一季度，C语言编写的代码在代码提交总量中占到了51%，位列最受欢迎的开源编程语言。Make——Unix开发者使用的一款工具，能够将源代码自动生成为可执行程序或库文件，1993年它在开发者中的使用比例仅为6%。
2013年第一季度，Java成为最受欢迎的开源编程语言，所占比例为12%。C++占比11%，而HTML为10%。
所有这些开源编程语言都或多或少影响着新语言的诞生。比如C语言，一直深刻影响着编程语言的变革，像C++、Python、Javascript和Perl都是深受C语言的影响；再比如Java帮助形成了C#的基础，而Python则影响了Ruby。
变革还将持续。1993年只有不到40种开源编程语言。到了2013年，语言数量几乎达到100种，而且每天都在诞生新的ideas。
看一下移动云计算公司[Kinvey][2]提供的信息图，图中绘制了20年来开源编程语言的历史概况。图表数据来源于[Ohloh.net][3] 和 [黑鸭子软件(Black Duck Software)][4].
[Kinvey 注][5]:
> 我们将1993年以来，排名前16的编程语言在给定单季度的代码提交总量中所占的比例进行了可视化。希望你能和我们一样，发现这张图表的有趣之处——从“一家独大”到“群雄并起”，它真实展现了编程世界的活力。我们还将其他一些感兴趣的数据化成了几个小图：语言种类年度总量、各语言每次提交代码的平均行数、追踪哪些语言影响了其他语言的发展。
![](http://readwrite.com/files/open_source_code_history_kinvey_800.jpg)
via: http://readwrite.com/2013/09/17/a-visual-history-of-the-last-20-years-of-open-source-code
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
译者：[Mr小眼儿] 校对：[校对者ID][]
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
[Mr小眼儿]:http://linux.cn/space/14801
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_(software)
[2]:http://www.kinvey.com/
[3]:http://www.ohloh.net/
[4]:http://www.blackducksoftware.com/
[5]:http://www.kinvey.com/blog/3242/a-brief-history-of-open-source-code-infographic