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20131019-1 选题
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Development version of GIMP presented with top-bottom-left-right configurable tabs
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================================================================================
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[GIMP][1] is a powerful, advanced and complex image-editing application, permitting to both regular and professional skilled users to in-depth edit images via a massive amount of features, tools and functionalities.
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It seems that the unstable development-only versions of **GIMP** are targeting interesting potential additions, including a more friendly and configurable manner of enjoying tabs in **GIMP**.
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The official Google+ webpage of GIMP [shared][2] an interesting image with a **development** version of GIMP featuring adjustable tabs, essentially, allowing the user to set the tabs in GIMP on top, bottom, left and right areas, therefore, permitting an easy rearranging of tabs per-one's likeness.
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The mentioned tweakable tabs are to be housed under the `Windows` menu, where the user is to be probably able to 1-click away select desired locations for tabs.
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![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/gimp%20development%20tabs.png)
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The exciting support has been created due to "**in some cases it's desirable to have tabs position configurable**, so Jehan Pagès did just that: the unstable branch now lets you choose where you want your tabs: top, bottom, left, or right sides".
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://iloveubuntu.net/development-version-gimp-presented-top-bottom-left-right-configurable-tabs
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译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://www.gimp.org/
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[2]:https://plus.google.com/116634837115748851709/posts/KuXpxUf8iVm
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Modern terminal Final Term adds multiple-terminals per-window support
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================================================================================
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[Final Term][1] is a modern terminal application that centers exciting capabilities and handy features into a beautiful interface, Final Term presenting itself as a significant advancement for the terminal metaphor.
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Smart command completion with drop-down menu and case sensitive/insensitive ability, semantic text menus recognizing web URLs, IP addresses, PIDs, option to collapse commands, 8 / 16 / 256 colors support, drop-down look, accurate and proper window resizing with precise text repositioning come to present Final Term as an advanced, versatile terminal application.
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Along with the already-existent pack of solid and exciting features, it seems that Final Term's development is targeting new features for inclusion, as in the case of the newly-announced **multiple terminals per window** support.
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Essentially, the multiple-terminals-per-window allows the user to split the Final Term's window into multiple splits, splits then having the capacity to contain numerous tabs.
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As seen in the below GIF, the modern terminal application features now a clickable menu containing *New Tab, Split Horizontally* and *Split Vertically*, clicking on *Split Horizontally*, splits the window horizontally, behavior followed by *Split Vertically*, too.
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Yet, hitting the *New Tab* entry, continues to add new and new tabs into a portion/split of the Final Term's main window, therefore, permitting an advanced usage of the terminal application suitable for both regular and complex demands.
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![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/multiple%20terminal%20per%20window%20final%20term.gif)
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A definitely interesting aspect of the mentioned feature is its drag & drop support, dragging a tab from one split and dropping it on another split, moves the tab on the other split and, thus, moves all commands and details from one side of the terminal to another preferred area of the terminal.
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The full article, including the programming-specific manner of implementing the handy features, is available on [http://blog.finalterm.org/2013/10/multiple-terminals-final-term-style.html][2]
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Final Term's code is available on [https://github.com/p-e-w/finalterm][3]
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**Worth mentioning**
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At the moment, Final Term is work in progress.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://iloveubuntu.net/modern-terminal-final-term-adds-multiple-terminals-window-support
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译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://finalterm.org/
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[2]:http://blog.finalterm.org/2013/10/multiple-terminals-final-term-style.html
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[3]:https://github.com/p-e-w/finalterm
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131
sources/The future of Linux--Evolving everywhere.md
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sources/The future of Linux--Evolving everywhere.md
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The future of Linux: Evolving everywhere
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================================================================================
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*InfoWorld* - Mark Shuttleworth's recent closure of [Ubuntu Linux bug No. 1][1] ("Microsoft has a majority market share") placed a meaningful, if somewhat controversial, exclamation point on how far Linux has come since Linus Torvalds rolled out the first version of the OS in 1991 as a pet project.
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Microsoft may not (yet) have been taken down on the quickly fading desktop, but the nature of computing has changed completely, thanks in large part to Linux's rise as a cornerstone of IT. There's scarcely a part of computing today, from cloud servers to phone OSes, that isn't powered by Linux or in some way affected by it.
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**Linux by the numbers: Commits, jobs, adoption**
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The pace of development hastens, as demand for Linux pros grows
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But where from here? If Linux acceptance and development are peaking, where does Linux go from up? Because Linux is such a mutable phenomenon and appears in so many incarnations, there may not be any single answer to that question.
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More important, perhaps, is how Linux -- the perennial upstart -- will embrace the challenges of being a mature and, in many areas, market-leading project. Here's a look at the future of Linux: as raw material, as the product of community and corporate contributions, and as the target of any number of challenges to its ethos, technical prowess, and growth.
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**Linux: Bend it, shape it, any way you want it**
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If there's one adjective that sums up a significant source of Linux's power, it's "malleable." Linux is raw material that can be cut, stitched, and tailored to fit most any number of scenarios, from tiny embedded devices to massively parallel supercomputers.
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That's also been one of Linux's shortcomings. Its protean nature means users rarely use "Linux" -- instead, they use a Linux-based product such as Android, or a hardware device built with a Linux base such as an in-home router. Desktop Linux's multiple (and often incompatible) incarnations winnow out all but the most devoted users.
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"How end-users experience Linux is definitely fragmented," admits Jim Zemlin, executive director of the Linux Foundation. "But that's one of the powers of Linux.
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"It's a building block that has allowed Google to build Android and Chromebooks, Amazon to build the Kindle, Canonical to build Ubuntu, and much more. All of those experiences are different for the user, but there is choice for the consumer."
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Mark Baker, Ubuntu Server product manager for Canonical, which leads the Ubuntu project, puts it in almost exactly those words: "Open source delivers freedom of choice." Open source naturally encourages modularity, he says, so "with open source you can choose the best components for your situation," whether you're a user working on a home machine or a systems architect developing a data center.
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But Al Gillen, program vice president for system software and an analyst at IDC specializing in operating environments, questions the value proposition of such total freedom going forward. "Linux is open source, and as such, anybody can fork off code and turn it into something else. However, the industry has shown that forks without value go away, and there is great value associated with staying close to main line code."
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Android users have experienced this most directly with the fragmentation that exists between different editions of the OS. None of that is, strictly speaking, Linux's fault, but as with the myriad desktop distributions before it, Android fragmentation illustrates the tension that arises between allowing the freedom to change the product and the fallout of inconsistency of implementation.
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Ironically, that might mean the best thing for Linux, going forward, is to double down on Linux as raw material.
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Eric Sammer, engineering manager at Cloudera, doesn't see Linux alone as having users "the same way as something like Firefox or the Apache Web server." Linux "is targeted toward operating system builders, not the end-user," and so it needs "tons of other software -- much of it tightly coupled, from a user's perspective (such as a boot loader) -- to form a complete system." As Torvalds himself noted in the release notes for the very first Linux kernel, "A kernel by itself gets you nowhere."
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Both Gillen's and Sammer's words are echoed by how Linux's biggest uptake with users has been, again, Android, with all its attendant value added by Google and the app ecosystem developed for the OS. The malleability of Linux is only a first step toward an actual product -- as its most successful advocates understand.
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**Corporate contributors: Asset or obstacle?**
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Another of Linux's hallmarks is that it's a collaborative effort; out of the contributions of many come one. But where are those collaborators coming from?
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Answer: Corporations -- mainly, those who stand to benefit themselves from supporting Linux for their own future endeavors. Aside from Red Hat (apart from Canonical, the most widely recognized corporate vendor of Linux solutions), top contributors include Intel, IBM, Texas Instruments, and even Microsoft.
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Much of Linux's flexibility is due to such contributions, which expand Linux's ability to run on multiple platforms and on a broad spectrum of devices. Enlightened self-interest is the main motive here: Microsoft's own kernel additions, for instance, largely revolve around allowing Linux to run well under Hyper-V.
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Sammer believes the prevalence of corporate-backed contributors is "due to the barrier of entry to any project as complex and critical as the Linux kernel. Your average C hacker doesn't have the time to get up to speed, build the credibility with the community, and contribute meaningful patches in their spare time, without significant backing." In his view, corporations most often have the resources to support such endeavors, with universities and research organizations being further behind.
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But has the prevalence of corporate contribution to Linux turned the OS into a mere corporate plaything? Is that Linux's future, to be a toy of the monoliths?
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What matters most is not who's contributing, but in what spirit. Linux advocates are firm believers in contributions to Linux, no matter what the source, as a net gain -- as long as the gains are contributed back to the community as a whole.
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Mark Coggin, senior director of product marketing for Red Hat Enterprise Linux, believes "the best innovations are those that are leveraged, and improved by the greatest number of participants in the open source community."
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"We put all of our innovations into open source projects, and seek to gain acceptance by those upstream groups before we incorporate them into our supported products like Red Hat Enterprise Linux. We hope that everyone who works to enhance the Linux kernel and the userspace projects also takes a view like ours," Coggin says.
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It's also not widely believed that corporate contributions are a form of "hijacking Linux," as Gillen puts it -- a way to make Linux "less applicable to other major user contingents." He's convinced commercial support for Linux and commercial enhancements to Linux "are an asset to the Linux development paradigm; not a negative."
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**Likewise, to Zemlin, Linux development "is not a zero-sum game."**
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"What one developer does in the mobile space to improve power consumption can benefit a developer working in the data center who needs to ensure their servers are running efficiently," says Zemlin. "That shared development is what makes Linux so powerful."
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Corporate contributions are not the enemy to him, either: "Having people paid to work on Linux has never been a bad thing; it has allowed it to be iterated upon quickly and innovation to be accelerated."
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The real issues, as Baker notes, come when "some very large Web companies make some changes available and push them upstream, but decide to keep others in-house to give them an advantage."
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Version 3 of the GPL -- the license Linux was released under in an earlier version -- was developed in part as a response to such behaviors. However, it only prevents taking code others have written and redeploying it as a Web service. There's no inherent (or legal) way to prevent code developed in-house from being kept in-house -- which might well simply be part of the ongoing social cost of offering Linux freely to the world.
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**The biggest threats to Linux**
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If corporate co-opting is less likely than ever, thanks to the mechanisms that keep Linux an open project, what real threats does it face?
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Nobody takes very seriously the idea that Linux is about to be wiped off the map by a rogue patent threat or lawsuit. One of the biggest such legal attacks, SCO Group's lawsuit against IBM, widely construed as a proxy attack on Linux, failed miserably.
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Coggin is of this mindset: "Linux's huge success, with a vast network of developers and widespread global adoption, means that it is highly resilient. Although patent threats arise from time to time, as they do with many technologies, it seems unlikely that a patent or combination of patents could pose an existential threat to Linux."
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Plus, competition in the form of other closed source products, or even those with more liberal licensing (such as the various BSDs), hasn't really materialized to the degree that Linux runs the risk of being pushed aside.
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Sammer sums up the biggest legitimate threat to Linux in a single word: complacency -- the complacency that goes with becoming a market leader in any field.
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"If you're vying for first place," he says, "you're usually more open to change of process, of mindset, of road map, of status quo, whatever. I can't help but think of Firefox losing so much to Chrome so fast, or the commercial Unixes losing to Linux, or all the other examples of such things."
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In roughly the same vein, Zemlin sees a threat in the form of a lack of experienced Linux talent to support the demand; hence the [Linux Training][2] program.
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Gillen sees a threat coming from a transition that "over time, moves the majority of the Linux user community from the enterprise customer over to service providers."
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Such a move would put Linux users at the mercy of people who may consume Linux and provide it as a service but don't return their innovations to the community as a whole. It may take a decade or more for such a shift to happen, but it could have "negative implications for Linux overall, and to commercial vendors that sell Linux-based solutions."
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Another possible threat to Linux is corporate co-opting -- not of the code itself, but of the possibilities it provides. Baker is worried about the rise of mobile devices, many of which, although powered by Linux, are powered all the more by corporate concerns.
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"That's why we need alternatives like Ubuntu and Firefox," says Baker, "to provide real alternatives for those who do not want their experience of the Internet to be determined by Apple or Google."
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Of those two, Google -- by way of Android -- is the main offender in this accusation. Many of the arguments against Android revolve around it being a Linux-powered OS that's little more than a portal to Google's view of the world, and thus isn't true to the spirit of Linux.
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In short, the biggest threats to Linux may well be from within -- unintended by-products of the very things that make it most attractive in the first place. Its inherent mutability and malleability has so far given it an advantage over complacency and co-opting, but it isn't clear that will always be true.
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**Where from here?**
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Linux is unquestionably here to stay, and in more than one form. But how it will do that and at what cost are up for debate.
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The most obvious future path for Linux is where it becomes that much more of a substrate for other things -- a way to create infrastructure -- and where it becomes that much less a product unto itself in any form. The real innovation doesn't just come from deploying Linux, but deploying it as a way to find creative solutions to problems, by delivering it in such a way that few people are forced to deal with Linux as such, and by staying a step ahead of having it put behind technological bars.
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Coggin puts it this way: "Linux is emerging beyond that of a packaged or flexible operating system to become more of an infrastructure platform. With this, we see developers and architects using Linux to build next-generation solutions, and creating next-generation enterprise architectures." Much of this work is already under way, he claims, in "cloud, big data, mobile, and social networks."
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Gillen, too, agrees that Linux "is going to be a very key part of public cloud infrastructure, and as such, it has ensured itself a long-term role in the industry."
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"Linux already runs the cloud, of that there is no doubt," says Baker. "It needs to maintain its position as the platform for scale-out computing -- this means staying ahead of new technologies like ARM server chips and hyperscale, software-defined networking, and the overall software-defined data center." Such work ought to complement other ongoing efforts to create open system hardware designs, such as the [Open Compute Project's][3].
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**Linux by the numbers: Commits, jobs, adoption**
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The pace of development hastens, as demand for Linux pros grows
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One possible downside of Linux becoming an ubiquitous infrastructure element is it becoming as institutionalized as the commercial, closed source Unixes it has displaced. But Zemlin thinks Linux's very mutability works in its favor here: "If you would have asked Linus Torvalds or other members of the community a decade ago if Linux would power more mobile phones than any other platform, they certainly wouldn't have expected that. We'd rather just watch where it goes and not try to forecast since we most certainly will be wrong."
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Another important future direction for some is, as mentioned above, "go[ing] mobile in a bigger way independently of Google," as Baker puts it. Projects like Mozilla's Firefox OS for phones are one incarnation of this, although it's unclear how much of a dent such a thing will make in Google's existing, and colossal, market share for Android.
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Lastly, and most crucially, there's the question of who will be responsible for ushering Linux into its own future. While Linux can be forked and its development undertaken by others, history's shown that having a single core development team for Linux -- and equally consistent core teams for projects based on it -- is best.
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That puts all the more burden on the core team to keep Linux moving forward in ways that complement its existing and future use cases, and not to protect it -- perhaps futilely -- from becoming something it might well be in its best interests to transform into.
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If Linux's future really is everywhere, it might well also be in a form that no one now can conceive of -- and that's a good thing.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.networkworld.com/news/2013/101513-the-future-of-linux-evolving-274829.html
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译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+bug/1
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[2]:http://training.linuxfoundation.org/
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[3]:http://www.opencompute.org/2013/05/08/up-next-for-the-open-compute-project-the-network/
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21
sources/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Named ‘Trusty Tahr’.md
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Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Named ‘Trusty Tahr’
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================================================================================
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![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Stuffed_Arabian_Tahr-750x5243.jpg)
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**The tantalising trials of taxonomy are complete: the mascot for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS has been chosen – get used to typing out the name ‘Trusty Tahr’.**
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“*What’s a…tahr?*”, you ask? Google tells me it’s a goat-like mammal found in mountainous areas in Oman, India and the Himalayas.
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The sure-footed animal reflects the goals for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, which [Shuttleworth says][1], will see conservative choices made on the desktop as it focuses on delivering “*…performance, refinement, maintainability [and] technical debt.*”
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Ubuntu 14.04 LTS for servers and desktops is pencilled in for release in April 2014.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/10/ubuntu-14-04-lts-named-trusty-tahr
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译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/1295
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sources/Why I can’t live without Linux.md
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Why I can’t live without Linux
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================================================================================
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This is written targeting users who might want to try Linux. But also with some facts that Linux users should be aware and feel proud of.
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Bored to read long stories? Navigate to the final part “**To compile it all**”.
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### Why I can’t live without Linux? ###
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Well I am biased and I have my own reasons. When I turn on my Linux machine after days/months, it just boots like a charm. You will be surprised to know that most OS doesn’t boot this way.
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### Consider few scenarios: ###
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1. Your machine crashes more often.
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1. It’s too damn slow.
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1. Files/folders getting created/deleted without your intervention.
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1. Machine shuts down for no reason.
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What’s the catch? Your machine is infected by a virus. Now, it hardly happens in Linux. Hardly implies “never at all” here :)
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### So why/how? ###
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Consider 100 people coding/reviewing something or even 1000s doing it. Still Linux is much bigger with the visibility that almost any developer in the world can see “what is being coded?” and point out if there is a flaw.
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**On 14 March 1994, Linux 1.0.0 was released, with 176,250 lines of code.
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As of 2013, the Linux 3.10 release had 15,803,499 lines of code.**
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And another thing, is the way Linux has been designed. Unlike few other OS, In Linux, almost all complex tasks requires root permission. Say, in windows, you’re navigating to some random system folder and deleting something (so, why would you do that? Say, some virus did that. Well, it can. Also I have seen people who do it to get more memory ). Nothing happens, but at the time of next reboot.. (I am scared to say more). Whereas in Linux, it prompts for root password whenever you try to do something with the system. What if I am root and I messed up the system? This is worst case scenario, but still there are lot of people out there to guide you how to fix it.
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**How would you feel when some random guys in the street come running to help you, when you fell down? Love and support is priceless. You gotta feel it.**
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![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/linux.png)
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**The stability** – There are Linux machines running eternally. A simple “uptime” command would let you know how long the machine has been running. You never need to turn it off at all. Pretty much hot swappable. Of course there are other OS machines that reports equally high uptime, but again, Linux machines are less prone to crashes, blue screen of death (:D) and as such, unless and until you mess it up.
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As the old saying goes “**Linux is user friendly, but not idiot friendly**”
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There must be lot of things you might be doing to protect your machine from viruses/trojans. As a study says, the average time before a windows get affected after connecting to internet is 40 minutes, whereas Linux – Like a boss. That too, you don’t need to install anything apart from the base OS itself.
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**Enhanced security** – Iptables, an awesome command line utility to setup firewall. Also, there are lot of other innovations like *port knocking, chroot jail* and as such.
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**SELinux** – Say you gave full access permission to a file, still other won’t be able to access it, if SELinux is enforcing and set.
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Other OS source codes are accessible to only people who work on that, whereas, Linux, everyone can access the source code, which means mistakes are less likely and even if somethings wrong, fixes are made in no time. Say that you have suffered a security attack, then the corresponding company of that OS might release a patch in a month’s time or week’s time, which means your system continues to be vulnerable for time being. But Linux, with countless people’s contribution & active participation, it’s far better, not better, just the best.
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Also, say, if the OS company doesn’t fix the bug, then what? Well, you just got to live with that. Whereas in linux, there are lot of people of fix it, or if you’re a better programmer, maybe you shall fix it and thus contribute it to the open source community. **The joy of giving!**
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Why would you buy an OS, when there is a lot better OS (Linux), which is a freeware and opensource. Note that the opportunity to learn is much when you decide to go with opensource. If you’re a good programmer, you shall take the source code, build it /design it & use it your way.
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**People all around the world put their time and brain in bringing you an OS, which would compete every other OS, that exists in market and that is Linux.**
|
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|
||||
**No crapware** – Alright, the OS is open source. What about other utilities? Well, there are lot of open source utilities out there which can be used, whereas in case of other OS, where almost all software might ask you to subscribe for the service, upgrade/buy. And the worst part is, after few days of using a software, you might come to know that it’s just a 30 days trial. And these softwares comes installed along with your OS. On the other hand, In Linux, you will never experience such frustrations.
|
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|
||||
**Also, Linux comes with pre-installed applications and hence you’re good to get started just after installation.**
|
||||
|
||||
In linux, most of the drivers comes along with the kernel, so you need not go search for a driver whenever you need to use some hardware component.
|
||||
|
||||
If you’re just a normal desktop user, with nothing much to do with the CLI – well, Linux comes with various desktops like Gnome, KDE and yep, you can call it “**next generation of desktops**”
|
||||
|
||||
Have you ever experienced your OS getting sluggish as days passes, and re-install resolves the problem. Well, try Linux and you will be surprised. It runs fast and responsive for years since day one and hence allow you to concentrate on work, rather on handling OS frustrations.
|
||||
|
||||
**No backdoors** – When you don’t have any idea about source code of an OS, how can you be sure that there are no backdoors. What if the manufacturer company did integrated a backdoor, which would kill your privacy by sharing your data whenever you connect to internet? In Linux, everything is open. And hence no backdoors can be introduced into the OS.
|
||||
|
||||
Here comes another interesting fact: Almost every one using windows might have got frustrated for the fact that you need to reboot your machine, whenever you update some software, or the OS itself. Linux doesn’t demand such reboots. Linux is stable and runs perfectly for years without rebooting.
|
||||
|
||||
**Let the old boxes taste life again** – Linux runs perfectly well on even old hardware, unlike other OS which demands you a new hardware, just for the sake of using it.
|
||||
|
||||
### To compile it all.. ###
|
||||
|
||||
why to use illegally, when you’re getting something for free
|
||||
|
||||
- Give life to old boxes
|
||||
- Get started in no time
|
||||
- update in a go
|
||||
- No crapware
|
||||
- No backdoors
|
||||
- No virus
|
||||
- Stability
|
||||
- Compatibility
|
||||
- Enhanced security
|
||||
- Fast and responsive
|
||||
- Linux doesn’t need defragmentation
|
||||
- Well, choosing linux did have an influence on the environment. (Google it)
|
||||
- Free and unlimited support -forums, mailing lists, IRC channels
|
||||
- Workspaces feature – Next generation of desktops
|
||||
- No big mess
|
||||
- Report bugs and get it fixed
|
||||
- You don’t have to feel alone.
|
||||
- Contribute something back and feel contended. The joy of giving.
|
||||
- Other OS are being owned by a company. Microsoft owns windows, Apple owns Mac-OS.
|
||||
- And Linux? Well, we own it.
|
||||
|
||||
Above all, the sense of freedom that you taste – priceless. You gotta experience it, rather just reading.
|
||||
|
||||
For me, **Linuxing is meditating**. How about, for you? :)
|
||||
|
||||
**Well, if you agree with me, cheers! Time to pour linux into your hardware and enjoy the drink.**
|
||||
|
||||
**Well, if you don’t agree with me, cheers, again. For that, to prove me wrong, you need to try it anyway.**
|
||||
|
||||
Google “Linuxing urban dictionary” and have a laugh :D
|
||||
|
||||
Thanks for reading. Cheers !
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/cant-live-without-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
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|
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user