diff --git a/published/20180626 How To Search If A Package Is Available On Your Linux Distribution Or Not.md b/published/20180626 How To Search If A Package Is Available On Your Linux Distribution Or Not.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c1490ee980 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20180626 How To Search If A Package Is Available On Your Linux Distribution Or Not.md @@ -0,0 +1,339 @@ +如何搜索一个包是否在你的 Linux 发行版中 +====== + +如果你知道包名称，那么你可以直接安装所需的包。 + +在某些情况下，如果你不知道确切的包名称或者你想搜索某些包，那么你可以在发行版的包管理器的帮助下轻松搜索该包。搜索会自动包括已安装和可用的包。结果的格式取决于选项。如果你的查询没有输出任何信息，那么意味着没有匹配条件的包。这可以通过发行版的包管理器的各种选项来完成。我已经在本文中添加了所有可能的选项，你可以选择最好的和最合适你的选项。 + +或者，我们可以通过 `whohas` 命令实现这一点。它会从所有的主流发行版（例如 Debian、Ubuntu、 Fedora 等）中搜索，而不仅仅是你自己的系统发行版。 + +建议阅读： + +- [适用于 Linux 的命令行包管理器列表以及用法][1] +- [Linux 包管理器的图形前端工具][2] + +### 如何在 Debian/Ubuntu 中搜索一个包 + +我们可以使用 `apt`、`apt-cache` 和 `aptitude` 包管理器在基于 Debian 的发行版上查找给定的包。我为这个包管理器中包括了大量的选项。 + +我们可以在基于 Debian 的系统中使用三种方式完成此操作。 + + * `apt` 命令 + * `apt-cache` 命令 + * `aptitude` 命令 + +#### 如何使用 apt 命令搜索一个包 + +APT 代表高级包管理工具Advanced Packaging Tool（APT），它取代了 `apt-get`。它有功能丰富的命令行工具，包括所有功能包含在一个命令（`apt`）里，包括 `apt-cache`、`apt-search`、`dpkg`、`apt-cdrom`、`apt-config`、`apt-key` 等，还有其他几个独特的功能。 + +APT 是一个强大的命令行工具，它可以访问 libapt-pkg 底层库的所有特性，它可以用于安装、下载、删除、搜索和管理以及查询包的信息，另外它还包含一些较少使用的与包管理相关的命令行实用程序。 + +``` +$ apt -q list nano vlc +Listing... +nano/artful,now 2.8.6-3 amd64 [installed] +vlc/artful 2.2.6-6 amd64 +``` + +或者，我们可以使用以下格式搜索指定的包。 + +``` +$ apt search ^vlc +Sorting... Done +Full Text Search... Done +vlc/artful 2.2.6-6 amd64 + multimedia player and streamer + +vlc-bin/artful 2.2.6-6 amd64 + binaries from VLC + +vlc-data/artful,artful 2.2.6-6 all + Common data for VLC + +vlc-l10n/artful,artful 2.2.6-6 all + Translations for VLC + +vlc-plugin-access-extra/artful 2.2.6-6 amd64 + multimedia player and streamer (extra access plugins) + +vlc-plugin-base/artful 2.2.6-6 amd64 + multimedia player and streamer (base plugins) +``` + +#### 如何使用 apt-cache 命令搜索一个包 + +`apt-cache` 会在 APT 的包缓存上执行各种操作。它会显示有关指定包的信息。`apt-cache` 不会改变系统的状态，但提供了从包的元数据中搜索和生成有趣输出的操作。 + +``` +$ apt-cache search nano | grep ^nano +nano - small, friendly text editor inspired by Pico +nano-tiny - small, friendly text editor inspired by Pico - tiny build +nanoblogger - Small weblog engine for the command line +nanoblogger-extra - Nanoblogger plugins +nanoc - static site generator written in Ruby +nanoc-doc - static site generator written in Ruby - documentation +nanomsg-utils - nanomsg utilities +nanopolish - consensus caller for nanopore sequencing data +``` + +或者，我们可以使用以下格式搜索指定的包。 + +``` +$ apt-cache policy vlc +vlc: + Installed: (none) + Candidate: 2.2.6-6 + Version table: + 2.2.6-6 500 + 500 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 Packages +``` + +或者，我们可以使用以下格式搜索给定的包。 + +``` +$ apt-cache pkgnames vlc +vlc-bin +vlc-plugin-video-output +vlc-plugin-sdl +vlc-plugin-svg +vlc-plugin-samba +vlc-plugin-fluidsynth +vlc-plugin-qt +vlc-plugin-skins2 +vlc-plugin-visualization +vlc-l10n +vlc-plugin-notify +vlc-plugin-zvbi +vlc-plugin-vlsub +vlc-plugin-jack +vlc-plugin-access-extra +vlc +vlc-data +vlc-plugin-video-splitter +vlc-plugin-base +``` + +#### 如何使用 aptitude 命令搜索一个包 + +`aptitude` 是一个基于文本的 Debian GNU/Linux 软件包系统的命令行界面。它允许用户查看包列表，并执行包管理任务，例如安装、升级和删除包，它可以从可视化界面或命令行执行操作。 + +``` +$ aptitude search ^vlc +p vlc - multimedia player and streamer +p vlc:i386 - multimedia player and streamer +p vlc-bin - binaries from VLC +p vlc-bin:i386 - binaries from VLC +p vlc-data - Common data for VLC +v vlc-data:i386 - +p vlc-l10n - Translations for VLC +v vlc-l10n:i386 - +p vlc-plugin-access-extra - multimedia player and streamer (extra access plugins) +p vlc-plugin-access-extra:i386 - multimedia player and streamer (extra access plugins) +p vlc-plugin-base - multimedia player and streamer (base plugins) +p vlc-plugin-base:i386 - multimedia player and streamer (base plugins) +p vlc-plugin-fluidsynth - FluidSynth plugin for VLC +p vlc-plugin-fluidsynth:i386 - FluidSynth plugin for VLC +p vlc-plugin-jack - Jack audio plugins for VLC +p vlc-plugin-jack:i386 - Jack audio plugins for VLC +p vlc-plugin-notify - LibNotify plugin for VLC +p vlc-plugin-notify:i386 - LibNotify plugin for VLC +p vlc-plugin-qt - multimedia player and streamer (Qt plugin) +p vlc-plugin-qt:i386 - multimedia player and streamer (Qt plugin) +p vlc-plugin-samba - Samba plugin for VLC +p vlc-plugin-samba:i386 - Samba plugin for VLC +p vlc-plugin-sdl - SDL video and audio output plugin for VLC +p vlc-plugin-sdl:i386 - SDL video and audio output plugin for VLC +p vlc-plugin-skins2 - multimedia player and streamer (Skins2 plugin) +p vlc-plugin-skins2:i386 - multimedia player and streamer (Skins2 plugin) +p vlc-plugin-svg - SVG plugin for VLC +p vlc-plugin-svg:i386 - SVG plugin for VLC +p vlc-plugin-video-output - multimedia player and streamer (video output plugins) +p vlc-plugin-video-output:i386 - multimedia player and streamer (video output plugins) +p vlc-plugin-video-splitter - multimedia player and streamer (video splitter plugins) +p vlc-plugin-video-splitter:i386 - multimedia player and streamer (video splitter plugins) +p vlc-plugin-visualization - multimedia player and streamer (visualization plugins) +p vlc-plugin-visualization:i386 - multimedia player and streamer (visualization plugins) +p vlc-plugin-vlsub - VLC extension to download subtitles from opensubtitles.org +p vlc-plugin-zvbi - VBI teletext plugin for VLC +p vlc-plugin-zvbi:i386 +``` + +### 如何在 RHEL/CentOS 中搜索一个包 + +Yum（Yellowdog Updater Modified）是 Linux 操作系统中的包管理器实用程序之一。Yum 命令用于在一些基于 RedHat 的 Linux 发行版上，它用来安装、更新、搜索和删除软件包。 + +``` +# yum search ftpd +Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security +Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile + * base: centos.hyve.com + * epel: mirrors.coreix.net + * extras: centos.hyve.com + * rpmforge: www.mirrorservice.org + * updates: mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net +============================================================== N/S Matched: ftpd =============================================================== +nordugrid-arc-gridftpd.x86_64 : ARC gridftp server +pure-ftpd.x86_64 : Lightweight, fast and secure FTP server +vsftpd.x86_64 : Very Secure Ftp Daemon + + Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything. +``` + +或者，我们可以使用以下命令搜索相同内容。 + +``` +# yum list ftpd +``` + +### 如何在 Fedora 中搜索一个包 + +DNF 代表 Dandified yum。我们可以说 DNF 是下一代 yum 包管理器（Yum 的衍生品），它使用 hawkey/libsolv 库作为底层。Aleš Kozumplík 从 Fedora 18 开始开发 DNF，最终在 Fedora 22 中发布。 + +``` +# dnf search ftpd +Last metadata expiration check performed 0:42:28 ago on Tue Jun 9 22:52:44 2018. +============================== N/S Matched: ftpd =============================== +proftpd-utils.x86_64 : ProFTPD - Additional utilities +pure-ftpd-selinux.x86_64 : SELinux support for Pure-FTPD +proftpd-devel.i686 : ProFTPD - Tools and header files for developers +proftpd-devel.x86_64 : ProFTPD - Tools and header files for developers +proftpd-ldap.x86_64 : Module to add LDAP support to the ProFTPD FTP server +proftpd-mysql.x86_64 : Module to add MySQL support to the ProFTPD FTP server +proftpd-postgresql.x86_64 : Module to add PostgreSQL support to the ProFTPD FTP + : server +vsftpd.x86_64 : Very Secure Ftp Daemon +proftpd.x86_64 : Flexible, stable and highly-configurable FTP server +owfs-ftpd.x86_64 : FTP daemon providing access to 1-Wire networks +perl-ftpd.noarch : Secure, extensible and configurable Perl FTP server +pure-ftpd.x86_64 : Lightweight, fast and secure FTP server +pyftpdlib.noarch : Python FTP server library +nordugrid-arc-gridftpd.x86_64 : ARC gridftp server +``` + +或者，我们可以使用以下命令搜索相同的内容。 + +``` +# dnf list proftpd +Failed to synchronize cache for repo 'heikoada-terminix', disabling. +Last metadata expiration check: 0:08:02 ago on Tue 26 Jun 2018 04:30:05 PM IST. +Available Packages +proftpd.x86_64 +``` + +### 如何在 Arch Linux 中搜索一个包 + +pacman 代表包管理实用程序（pacman）。它是一个用于安装、构建、删除和管理 Arch Linux 软件包的命令行实用程序。pacman 使用 libalpm（Arch Linux Package Management（ALPM）库）作为底层来执行所有操作。 + +在本例中，我将要搜索 chromium 包。 + +``` +# pacman -Ss chromium +extra/chromium 48.0.2564.116-1 + The open-source project behind Google Chrome, an attempt at creating a safer, faster, and more stable browser +extra/qt5-webengine 5.5.1-9 (qt qt5) + Provides support for web applications using the Chromium browser project +community/chromium-bsu 0.9.15.1-2 + A fast paced top scrolling shooter +community/chromium-chromevox latest-1 + Causes the Chromium web browser to automatically install and update the ChromeVox screen reader extention. Note: This + package does not contain the extension code. +community/fcitx-mozc 2.17.2313.102-1 + Fcitx Module of A Japanese Input Method for Chromium OS, Windows, Mac and Linux (the Open Source Edition of Google Japanese + Input) +``` + +默认情况下，`-s` 选项内置 ERE（扩展正则表达式）会导致很多不需要的结果。使用以下格式会仅匹配包名称。 + +``` +# pacman -Ss '^chromium-' +``` + +`pkgfile` 是一个用于在 Arch Linux 官方仓库的包中搜索文件的工具。 + +``` +# pkgfile chromium +``` + +### 如何在 openSUSE 中搜索一个包 + +Zypper 是 SUSE 和 openSUSE 发行版的命令行包管理器。它用于安装、更新、搜索和删除包以及管理仓库，执行各种查询等。Zypper 命令行对接到 ZYpp 系统管理库（libzypp）。 + +``` +# zypper search ftp +or +# zypper se ftp +Loading repository data... +Reading installed packages... +S | Name | Summary | Type +--+----------------+-----------------------------------------+-------- + | proftpd | Highly configurable GPL-licensed FTP -> | package + | proftpd-devel | Development files for ProFTPD | package + | proftpd-doc | Documentation for ProFTPD | package + | proftpd-lang | Languages for package proftpd | package + | proftpd-ldap | LDAP Module for ProFTPD | package + | proftpd-mysql | MySQL Module for ProFTPD | package + | proftpd-pgsql | PostgreSQL Module for ProFTPD | package + | proftpd-radius | Radius Module for ProFTPD | package + | proftpd-sqlite | SQLite Module for ProFTPD | package + | pure-ftpd | A Lightweight, Fast, and Secure FTP S-> | package + | vsftpd | Very Secure FTP Daemon - Written from-> | package +``` + +### 如何使用 whohas 命令搜索一个包 + +`whohas` 命令是一个智能工具，从所有主流发行版中搜索指定包，如 Debian、Ubuntu、Gentoo、Arch、AUR、Mandriva、Fedora、Fink、FreeBSD 和 NetBSD。 + +``` +$ whohas nano +Mandriva nano-debug 2.3.1-1mdv2010.2.x http://sophie.zarb.org/rpms/0b33dc73bca710749ad14bbc3a67e15a +Mandriva nano-debug 2.2.4-1mdv2010.1.i http://sophie.zarb.org/rpms/d9dfb2567681e09287b27e7ac6cdbc05 +Mandriva nano-debug 2.2.4-1mdv2010.1.x http://sophie.zarb.org/rpms/3299516dbc1538cd27a876895f45aee4 +Mandriva nano 2.3.1-1mdv2010.2.x http://sophie.zarb.org/rpms/98421c894ee30a27d9bd578264625220 +Mandriva nano 2.3.1-1mdv2010.2.i http://sophie.zarb.org/rpms/cea07b5ef9aa05bac262fc7844dbd223 +Mandriva nano 2.2.4-1mdv2010.1.s http://sophie.zarb.org/rpms/d61f9341b8981e80424c39c3951067fa +Mandriva spring-mod-nanoblobs 0.65-2mdv2010.0.sr http://sophie.zarb.org/rpms/74bb369d4cbb4c8cfe6f6028e8562460 +Mandriva nanoxml-lite 2.2.3-4.1.4mdv2010 http://sophie.zarb.org/rpms/287a4c37bc2a39c0f277b0020df47502 +Mandriva nanoxml-manual-lite 2.2.3-4.1.4mdv2010 http://sophie.zarb.org/rpms/17dc4f638e5e9964038d4d26c53cc9c6 +Mandriva nanoxml-manual 2.2.3-4.1.4mdv2010 http://sophie.zarb.org/rpms/a1b5092cd01fc8bb78a0f3ca9b90370b +Gentoo nano 9999 http://packages.gentoo.org/package/app-editors/nano +Gentoo nano 9999 http://packages.gentoo.org/package/app-editors/nano +Gentoo nano 2.9.8 http://packages.gentoo.org/package/app-editors/nano +Gentoo nano 2.9.7 +``` + +如果你希望只从当前发行版仓库中搜索指定包，使用以下格式： + +``` +$ whohas -d Ubuntu vlc +Ubuntu vlc 2.1.6-0ubuntu14.04 1M all http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty/vlc +Ubuntu vlc 2.1.6-0ubuntu14.04 1M all http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty-updates/vlc +Ubuntu vlc 2.2.2-5ubuntu0.16. 1M all http://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/vlc +Ubuntu vlc 2.2.2-5ubuntu0.16. 1M all http://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial-updates/vlc +Ubuntu vlc 2.2.6-6 40K all http://packages.ubuntu.com/artful/vlc +Ubuntu vlc 3.0.1-3build1 32K all http://packages.ubuntu.com/bionic/vlc +Ubuntu vlc 3.0.2-0ubuntu0.1 32K all http://packages.ubuntu.com/bionic-updates/vlc +Ubuntu vlc 3.0.3-1 33K all http://packages.ubuntu.com/cosmic/vlc +Ubuntu browser-plugin-vlc 2.0.6-2 55K all http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty/browser-plugin-vlc +Ubuntu browser-plugin-vlc 2.0.6-4 47K all http://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/browser-plugin-vlc +Ubuntu browser-plugin-vlc 2.0.6-4 47K all http://packages.ubuntu.com/artful/browser-plugin-vlc +Ubuntu browser-plugin-vlc 2.0.6-4 47K all http://packages.ubuntu.com/bionic/browser-plugin-vlc +Ubuntu browser-plugin-vlc 2.0.6-4 47K all http://packages.ubuntu.com/cosmic/browser-plugin-vlc +Ubuntu libvlc-bin 2.2.6-6 27K all http://packages.ubuntu.com/artful/libvlc-bin +Ubuntu libvlc-bin 3.0.1-3build1 17K all http://packages.ubuntu.com/bionic/libvlc-bin +Ubuntu libvlc-bin 3.0.2-0ubuntu0.1 17K all +``` + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-search-if-a-package-is-available-on-your-linux-distribution-or-not/ + +作者：[Prakash Subramanian][a] +选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) +译者：[MjSeven](https://github.com/MjSeven) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:https://www.2daygeek.com/author/prakash/ +[1]:https://www.2daygeek.com/list-of-command-line-package-manager-for-linux/ +[2]:https://www.2daygeek.com/list-of-graphical-frontend-tool-for-linux-package-manager/ diff --git a/translated/tech/20180626 How To Search If A Package Is Available On Your Linux Distribution Or Not.md b/translated/tech/20180626 How To Search If A Package Is Available On Your Linux Distribution Or Not.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4f6a2dbe35..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/20180626 How To Search If A Package Is Available On Your Linux Distribution Or Not.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,336 +0,0 @@ -如何搜索一个包是否在你的 Linux 发行版中 -====== -如果你知道包名称，那么你可以直接安装所需的包。 - -在某些情况下，如果你不知道确切的包名称或者你想搜索某些包，那么你可以在分发包管理器的帮助下轻松搜索该包。 - -自动搜索包括已安装和可用的包。 - -结果的格式取决于选项。如果查询没有生成任何信息，那么意味着没有匹配条件的包。 - -这可以通过具有各种选项的分发包管理器来完成。 - -我已经在本文中添加了所有可能的选项，你可以选择最好的和最合适你的选项。 - -或者，我们可以通过 **whohas** 命令实现这一点。它会从所有的主流发行版（例如 Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora 等）中搜索，而不仅仅是你自己的系统发行版。 - -**建议阅读：** -**(#)** [适用于 Linux 的命令行包管理器列表以及用法][1] -**(#)** [Linux 包管理器的图形前端工具][2] - -### 如何在 Debian/Ubuntu 中搜索一个包 - -我们可以使用 apt, apt-cache 和 aptitude 包管理器在基于 Debian 的发行版上查找给定的包。我为这个包管理器中包括了大量的选项。 - -我们可以在基于 Debian 的系统中使用三种方式完成此操作。 - - * apt 命令 - * apt-cache 命令 - * aptitude 命令 - -### 如何使用 apt 命令搜索一个包 - -APT 代表高级包管理工具 Advanced Packaging Tool（APT），它取代了 apt-get。它有功能丰富的命令行工具，包括所有功能包含在一个命令（APT）里，包括 apt-cache, apt-search, dpkg, apt-cdrom, apt-config, apt-key 等，还有其他几个独特的功能。 - -APT 是一个强大的命令行工具，它可以访问 libapt-pkg 底层库的所有特性，它可以用于安装，下载，删除，搜索和管理以及查询关于包的信息，另外它还包含一些较少使用的与包管理相关的命令行实用程序。 -``` -$ apt -q list nano vlc -Listing... -nano/artful,now 2.8.6-3 amd64 [installed] -vlc/artful 2.2.6-6 amd64 -``` - -或者，我们可以使用以下格式搜索指定的包。 -``` -$ apt search ^vlc -Sorting... Done -Full Text Search... Done -vlc/artful 2.2.6-6 amd64 - multimedia player and streamer - -vlc-bin/artful 2.2.6-6 amd64 - binaries from VLC - -vlc-data/artful,artful 2.2.6-6 all - Common data for VLC - -vlc-l10n/artful,artful 2.2.6-6 all - Translations for VLC - -vlc-plugin-access-extra/artful 2.2.6-6 amd64 - multimedia player and streamer (extra access plugins) - -vlc-plugin-base/artful 2.2.6-6 amd64 - multimedia player and streamer (base plugins) - -``` - -### 如何使用 apt-cache 命令搜索一个包 - -apt-cache 会在 APT 的包缓存上执行各种操作。它会显示有关指定包的信息。apt-cache 不会操纵系统的状态，但提供了从包的元数据中搜索和生成有趣输出的操作。 -``` -$ apt-cache search nano | grep ^nano -nano - small, friendly text editor inspired by Pico -nano-tiny - small, friendly text editor inspired by Pico - tiny build -nanoblogger - Small weblog engine for the command line -nanoblogger-extra - Nanoblogger plugins -nanoc - static site generator written in Ruby -nanoc-doc - static site generator written in Ruby - documentation -nanomsg-utils - nanomsg utilities -nanopolish - consensus caller for nanopore sequencing data - -``` - -或者，我们可以使用以下格式搜索指定的包。 -``` -$ apt-cache policy vlc -vlc: - Installed: (none) - Candidate: 2.2.6-6 - Version table: - 2.2.6-6 500 - 500 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 Packages - -``` - -或者，我们可以使用以下格式搜索给定的包。 -``` -$ apt-cache pkgnames vlc -vlc-bin -vlc-plugin-video-output -vlc-plugin-sdl -vlc-plugin-svg -vlc-plugin-samba -vlc-plugin-fluidsynth -vlc-plugin-qt -vlc-plugin-skins2 -vlc-plugin-visualization -vlc-l10n -vlc-plugin-notify -vlc-plugin-zvbi -vlc-plugin-vlsub -vlc-plugin-jack -vlc-plugin-access-extra -vlc -vlc-data -vlc-plugin-video-splitter -vlc-plugin-base - -``` - -### 如何使用 aptitude 命令搜索一个包 - -aptitude 一个基于文本的 Debian GNU/Linux 软件包系统的接口。它允许用户查看包列表，并执行包管理任务，例如安装，升级和删除包，它可以从可视化界面或命令行执行操作。 -``` -$ aptitude search ^vlc -p vlc - multimedia player and streamer -p vlc:i386 - multimedia player and streamer -p vlc-bin - binaries from VLC -p vlc-bin:i386 - binaries from VLC -p vlc-data - Common data for VLC -v vlc-data:i386 - -p vlc-l10n - Translations for VLC -v vlc-l10n:i386 - -p vlc-plugin-access-extra - multimedia player and streamer (extra access plugins) -p vlc-plugin-access-extra:i386 - multimedia player and streamer (extra access plugins) -p vlc-plugin-base - multimedia player and streamer (base plugins) -p vlc-plugin-base:i386 - multimedia player and streamer (base plugins) -p vlc-plugin-fluidsynth - FluidSynth plugin for VLC -p vlc-plugin-fluidsynth:i386 - FluidSynth plugin for VLC -p vlc-plugin-jack - Jack audio plugins for VLC -p vlc-plugin-jack:i386 - Jack audio plugins for VLC -p vlc-plugin-notify - LibNotify plugin for VLC -p vlc-plugin-notify:i386 - LibNotify plugin for VLC -p vlc-plugin-qt - multimedia player and streamer (Qt plugin) -p vlc-plugin-qt:i386 - multimedia player and streamer (Qt plugin) -p vlc-plugin-samba - Samba plugin for VLC -p vlc-plugin-samba:i386 - Samba plugin for VLC -p vlc-plugin-sdl - SDL video and audio output plugin for VLC -p vlc-plugin-sdl:i386 - SDL video and audio output plugin for VLC -p vlc-plugin-skins2 - multimedia player and streamer (Skins2 plugin) -p vlc-plugin-skins2:i386 - multimedia player and streamer (Skins2 plugin) -p vlc-plugin-svg - SVG plugin for VLC -p vlc-plugin-svg:i386 - SVG plugin for VLC -p vlc-plugin-video-output - multimedia player and streamer (video output plugins) -p vlc-plugin-video-output:i386 - multimedia player and streamer (video output plugins) -p vlc-plugin-video-splitter - multimedia player and streamer (video splitter plugins) -p vlc-plugin-video-splitter:i386 - multimedia player and streamer (video splitter plugins) -p vlc-plugin-visualization - multimedia player and streamer (visualization plugins) -p vlc-plugin-visualization:i386 - multimedia player and streamer (visualization plugins) -p vlc-plugin-vlsub - VLC extension to download subtitles from opensubtitles.org -p vlc-plugin-zvbi - VBI teletext plugin for VLC -p vlc-plugin-zvbi:i386 - -``` - -### 如何在 RHEL/CentOS 中搜索一个包 - -Yum（Yellowdog Updater Modified）是 Linux 操作系统中的包管理器实用程序之一。Yum 命令用于在一些基于 RedHat 的 Linux 发行版上，它用来安装，更新，搜索和删除软件包。 -``` -# yum search ftpd -Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security -Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile - * base: centos.hyve.com - * epel: mirrors.coreix.net - * extras: centos.hyve.com - * rpmforge: www.mirrorservice.org - * updates: mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net -============================================================== N/S Matched: ftpd =============================================================== -nordugrid-arc-gridftpd.x86_64 : ARC gridftp server -pure-ftpd.x86_64 : Lightweight, fast and secure FTP server -vsftpd.x86_64 : Very Secure Ftp Daemon - - Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything. - -``` - -或者，我们可以使用以下命令搜索相同内容。 -``` -# yum list ftpd -``` - -### 如何在 Fedora 中搜索一个包 - -DNF 代表 Dandified yum。我们可以说 DNF 是下一代 yum 包管理器（Yum 的衍生），它使用 hawkey/libsolv 库作为底层。自从 Fedora 18 开始以及它最终在 Fedora 22 中实施以来，Aleš Kozumplík 就在开始研究 DNF。 -``` -# dnf search ftpd -Last metadata expiration check performed 0:42:28 ago on Tue Jun 9 22:52:44 2018. -============================== N/S Matched: ftpd =============================== -proftpd-utils.x86_64 : ProFTPD - Additional utilities -pure-ftpd-selinux.x86_64 : SELinux support for Pure-FTPD -proftpd-devel.i686 : ProFTPD - Tools and header files for developers -proftpd-devel.x86_64 : ProFTPD - Tools and header files for developers -proftpd-ldap.x86_64 : Module to add LDAP support to the ProFTPD FTP server -proftpd-mysql.x86_64 : Module to add MySQL support to the ProFTPD FTP server -proftpd-postgresql.x86_64 : Module to add PostgreSQL support to the ProFTPD FTP - : server -vsftpd.x86_64 : Very Secure Ftp Daemon -proftpd.x86_64 : Flexible, stable and highly-configurable FTP server -owfs-ftpd.x86_64 : FTP daemon providing access to 1-Wire networks -perl-ftpd.noarch : Secure, extensible and configurable Perl FTP server -pure-ftpd.x86_64 : Lightweight, fast and secure FTP server -pyftpdlib.noarch : Python FTP server library -nordugrid-arc-gridftpd.x86_64 : ARC gridftp server -``` - -或者，我们可以使用以下命令搜索相同的内容。 -``` -# dnf list proftpd -Failed to synchronize cache for repo 'heikoada-terminix', disabling. -Last metadata expiration check: 0:08:02 ago on Tue 26 Jun 2018 04:30:05 PM IST. -Available Packages -proftpd.x86_64 -``` - -### 如何在 Arch Linux 中搜索一个包 - -pacman 代表包管理实用程序（pacman）。它是一个用于安装，构建，删除和管理 Arch Linux 软件包的命令行实用程序。pacman 使用 libalpm（Arch Linux Package Management（ALPM）库）作为底层来执行所有操作。 - -在本例中，我将要搜索 chromium 包。 -``` -# pacman -Ss chromium -extra/chromium 48.0.2564.116-1 - The open-source project behind Google Chrome, an attempt at creating a safer, faster, and more stable browser -extra/qt5-webengine 5.5.1-9 (qt qt5) - Provides support for web applications using the Chromium browser project -community/chromium-bsu 0.9.15.1-2 - A fast paced top scrolling shooter -community/chromium-chromevox latest-1 - Causes the Chromium web browser to automatically install and update the ChromeVox screen reader extention. Note: This - package does not contain the extension code. -community/fcitx-mozc 2.17.2313.102-1 - Fcitx Module of A Japanese Input Method for Chromium OS, Windows, Mac and Linux (the Open Source Edition of Google Japanese - Input) -``` - -默认情况下，`-s` 选项内置 ERE（扩展正则表达式）会导致很多不需要的结果。使用以下格式会仅匹配包名称。 -``` -# pacman -Ss '^chromium-' - -``` - -pkgfile 是一个用于在 Arch Linux 官方仓库的包中搜索文件的工具。 -``` -# pkgfile chromium -``` - -### 如何在 openSUSE 中搜索一个包 - -Zypper 是 SUSE 和 openSUSE 发行版的命令行包管理器。它用于安装，更新，搜索和删除包以及管理仓库，执行各种查询等。Zypper 命令行接口到 ZYpp 系统管理库（libzypp）。 -``` -# zypper search ftp -or -# zypper se ftp -Loading repository data... -Reading installed packages... -S | Name | Summary | Type ---+----------------+-----------------------------------------+-------- - | proftpd | Highly configurable GPL-licensed FTP -> | package - | proftpd-devel | Development files for ProFTPD | package - | proftpd-doc | Documentation for ProFTPD | package - | proftpd-lang | Languages for package proftpd | package - | proftpd-ldap | LDAP Module for ProFTPD | package - | proftpd-mysql | MySQL Module for ProFTPD | package - | proftpd-pgsql | PostgreSQL Module for ProFTPD | package - | proftpd-radius | Radius Module for ProFTPD | package - | proftpd-sqlite | SQLite Module for ProFTPD | package - | pure-ftpd | A Lightweight, Fast, and Secure FTP S-> | package - | vsftpd | Very Secure FTP Daemon - Written from-> | package -``` - -### 如何使用 whohas 命令搜索一个包 - -whohas 命令是一个智能工具，从所有主流发行版中搜索指定包，如 Debian, Ubuntu, Gentoo, Arch, AUR, Mandriva, Fedora, Fink, FreeBSD 和 NetBSD。 -``` -$ whohas nano -Mandriva nano-debug 2.3.1-1mdv2010.2.x http://sophie.zarb.org/rpms/0b33dc73bca710749ad14bbc3a67e15a -Mandriva nano-debug 2.2.4-1mdv2010.1.i http://sophie.zarb.org/rpms/d9dfb2567681e09287b27e7ac6cdbc05 -Mandriva nano-debug 2.2.4-1mdv2010.1.x http://sophie.zarb.org/rpms/3299516dbc1538cd27a876895f45aee4 -Mandriva nano 2.3.1-1mdv2010.2.x http://sophie.zarb.org/rpms/98421c894ee30a27d9bd578264625220 -Mandriva nano 2.3.1-1mdv2010.2.i http://sophie.zarb.org/rpms/cea07b5ef9aa05bac262fc7844dbd223 -Mandriva nano 2.2.4-1mdv2010.1.s http://sophie.zarb.org/rpms/d61f9341b8981e80424c39c3951067fa -Mandriva spring-mod-nanoblobs 0.65-2mdv2010.0.sr http://sophie.zarb.org/rpms/74bb369d4cbb4c8cfe6f6028e8562460 -Mandriva nanoxml-lite 2.2.3-4.1.4mdv2010 http://sophie.zarb.org/rpms/287a4c37bc2a39c0f277b0020df47502 -Mandriva nanoxml-manual-lite 2.2.3-4.1.4mdv2010 http://sophie.zarb.org/rpms/17dc4f638e5e9964038d4d26c53cc9c6 -Mandriva nanoxml-manual 2.2.3-4.1.4mdv2010 http://sophie.zarb.org/rpms/a1b5092cd01fc8bb78a0f3ca9b90370b -Gentoo nano 9999 http://packages.gentoo.org/package/app-editors/nano -Gentoo nano 9999 http://packages.gentoo.org/package/app-editors/nano -Gentoo nano 2.9.8 http://packages.gentoo.org/package/app-editors/nano -Gentoo nano 2.9.7 http://packages.gentoo.org/package/app-editors/nano -``` - -如果你希望只从当前发行版仓库中搜索指定包，使用以下格式： -``` -$ whohas -d Ubuntu vlc -Ubuntu vlc 2.1.6-0ubuntu14.04 1M all http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty/vlc -Ubuntu vlc 2.1.6-0ubuntu14.04 1M all http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty-updates/vlc -Ubuntu vlc 2.2.2-5ubuntu0.16. 1M all http://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/vlc -Ubuntu vlc 2.2.2-5ubuntu0.16. 1M all http://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial-updates/vlc -Ubuntu vlc 2.2.6-6 40K all http://packages.ubuntu.com/artful/vlc -Ubuntu vlc 3.0.1-3build1 32K all http://packages.ubuntu.com/bionic/vlc -Ubuntu vlc 3.0.2-0ubuntu0.1 32K all http://packages.ubuntu.com/bionic-updates/vlc -Ubuntu vlc 3.0.3-1 33K all http://packages.ubuntu.com/cosmic/vlc -Ubuntu browser-plugin-vlc 2.0.6-2 55K all http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty/browser-plugin-vlc -Ubuntu browser-plugin-vlc 2.0.6-4 47K all http://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/browser-plugin-vlc -Ubuntu browser-plugin-vlc 2.0.6-4 47K all http://packages.ubuntu.com/artful/browser-plugin-vlc -Ubuntu browser-plugin-vlc 2.0.6-4 47K all http://packages.ubuntu.com/bionic/browser-plugin-vlc -Ubuntu browser-plugin-vlc 2.0.6-4 47K all http://packages.ubuntu.com/cosmic/browser-plugin-vlc -Ubuntu libvlc-bin 2.2.6-6 27K all http://packages.ubuntu.com/artful/libvlc-bin -Ubuntu libvlc-bin 3.0.1-3build1 17K all http://packages.ubuntu.com/bionic/libvlc-bin -Ubuntu libvlc-bin 3.0.2-0ubuntu0.1 17K all http://packages.ubuntu.com/bionic-updates/libvlc-bin -``` - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-search-if-a-package-is-available-on-your-linux-distribution-or-not/ - -作者：[Prakash Subramanian][a] -选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) -译者：[MjSeven](https://github.com/MjSeven) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]:https://www.2daygeek.com/author/prakash/ -[1]:https://www.2daygeek.com/list-of-command-line-package-manager-for-linux/ -[2]:https://www.2daygeek.com/list-of-graphical-frontend-tool-for-linux-package-manager/