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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Cloning a MAC address to bypass a captive portal)
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[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/cloning-a-mac-address-to-bypass-a-captive-portal/)
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[#]: author: (Esteban Wilson https://fedoramagazine.org/author/swilson/)
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Cloning a MAC address to bypass a captive portal
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======
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![][1]
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If you ever attach to a WiFi system outside your home or office, you often see a portal page. This page may ask you to accept terms of service or some other agreement to get access. But what happens when you can’t connect through this kind of portal? This article shows you how to use NetworkManager on Fedora to deal with some failure cases so you can still access the internet.
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### How captive portals work
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Captive portals are web pages offered when a new device is connected to a network. When the user first accesses the Internet, the portal captures all web page requests and redirects them to a single portal page.
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The page then asks the user to take some action, typically agreeing to a usage policy. Once the user agrees, they may authenticate to a RADIUS or other type of authentication system. In simple terms, the captive portal registers and authorizes a device based on the device’s MAC address and end user acceptance of terms. (The MAC address is [a hardware-based value][2] attached to any network interface, like a WiFi chip or card.)
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Sometimes a device doesn’t load the captive portal to authenticate and authorize the device to use the location’s WiFi access. Examples of this situation include mobile devices and gaming consoles (Switch, Playstation, etc.). They usually won’t launch a captive portal page when connecting to the Internet. You may see this situation when connecting to hotel or public WiFi access points.
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You can use NetworkManager on Fedora to resolve these issues, though. Fedora will let you temporarily clone the connecting device’s MAC address and authenticate to the captive portal on the device’s behalf. You’ll need the MAC address of the device you want to connect. Typically this is printed somewhere on the device and labeled. It’s a six-byte hexadecimal value, so it might look like _4A:1A:4C:B0:38:1F_. You can also usually find it through the device’s built-in menus.
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### Cloning with NetworkManager
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First, open _**nm-connection-editor**_, or open the WiFI settings via the Settings applet. You can then use NetworkManager to clone as follows:
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* For Ethernet – Select the connected Ethernet connection. Then select the _Ethernet_ tab. Note or copy the current MAC address. Enter the MAC address of the console or other device in the _Cloned MAC address_ field.
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* For WiFi – Select the WiFi profile name. Then select the WiFi tab. Note or copy the current MAC address. Enter the MAC address of the console or other device in the _Cloned MAC address_ field.
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### **Bringing up the desired device**
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Once the Fedora system connects with the Ethernet or WiFi profile, the cloned MAC address is used to request an IP address, and the captive portal loads. Enter the credentials needed and/or select the user agreement. The MAC address will then get authorized.
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Now, disconnect the WiFi or Ethernet profile, and change the Fedora system’s MAC address back to its original value. Then boot up the console or other device. The device should now be able to access the Internet, because its network interface has been authorized via your Fedora system.
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This isn’t all that NetworkManager can do, though. For instance, check out this article on [randomizing your system’s hardware address][3] for better privacy.
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> [Randomize your MAC address using NetworkManager][3]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://fedoramagazine.org/cloning-a-mac-address-to-bypass-a-captive-portal/
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作者：[Esteban Wilson][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/swilson/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/clone-mac-nm-816x345.jpg
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[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address
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[3]: https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm/
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@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Cloning a MAC address to bypass a captive portal)
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[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/cloning-a-mac-address-to-bypass-a-captive-portal/)
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[#]: author: (Esteban Wilson https://fedoramagazine.org/author/swilson/)
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克隆 MAC 地址来绕过强制门户
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======
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![][1]
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如果你曾经不在家和办公室连接到 WiFi，那么通常会看到一个门户页面。它可能会要求你接受服务条款或其他协议才能访问。但是，当你无法通过这类门户进行连接时会发生什么？本文向你展示了如何在 Fedora 上使用 NetworkManager 处理某些故障情况，以便你仍然可以访问互联网。
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### 强制门户如何工作
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强制门户是新设备连接到网络时显示的网页。当用户首次访问互联网时，门户网站会捕获所有网页请求并将其重定向到单个门户页面。
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然后，页面要求用户采取一些措施，通常是同意使用政策。用户同意后，他们可以向 RADIUS 或其他类型的身份验证系统进行身份验证。简而言之，强制门户根据设备的 MAC 地址和终端用户接受条款来注册和授权设备。 （MAC 地址是附加到任何网络接口（例如 WiFi 芯片或卡）的[基于硬件的值][2]。）
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有时设备无法加载强制门户来进行身份验证和授权，以使用 WiFI 接入。这种情况的例子包括移动设备和游戏机（Switch，Playstation 等）。当连接到互联网时，它们通常不会打开动强制门户页面。连接到酒店或公共 WiFi 接入点时，你可能会看到这种情况。
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不过，你可以在 Fedora 上使用 NetworkManager 来解决这些问题。Fedora 使你可以临时克隆连接设备的 MAC 地址，并代表该设备通过强制门户进行身份验证。你需要得到连接设备的 MAC 地址。通常，它被打印在设备上的某个地方并贴上标签。它是一个六字节的十六进制值，因此看起来类似 _4A:1A:4C:B0:38:1F_。通常，你也可以通过设备的内置菜单找到它。
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### 使用 NetworkManager 克隆
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首先，打开 _**nm-connection-editor**_，或通过”设置“打开 WiFi 设置。然后，你可以使用 NetworkManager 进行克隆：
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* 对于以太网–选择已连接的以太网连接。然后选择 _Ethernet_ 选项卡。记录或复制当前的 MAC 地址。在 _Cloned MAC address_ 字段中输入游戏机或其他设备的 MAC 地址。
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* 对于 WiFi –选择 WiFi 配置名。然后选择 “WiFi” 选项卡。记录或复制当前的 MAC 地址。在 _Cloned MAC address_ 字段中输入游戏机或其他设备的 MAC 地址。
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### **启动所需的设备**
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当 Fedora 系统与以太网或 WiFi 配置连接，克隆的 MAC 地址将用于请求 IP 地址，并加载强制门户。输入所需的凭据和/或选择用户协议。MAC 地址将获得授权。
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现在，断开 WiF i或以太网配置连接，然后将 Fedora 系统的 MAC 地址更改回其原始值。然后启动游戏机或其他设备。设备现在应该可以访问互联网了，因为它的网络接口已通过你的 Fedora 系统进行了授权。
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不过，这不是 NetworkManager 全部能做的。例如，请参阅[随机化系统硬件地址][3]，来获得更好的隐私保护。
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> [使用 NetworkManager 随机化你的 MAC 地址][3]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://fedoramagazine.org/cloning-a-mac-address-to-bypass-a-captive-portal/
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作者：[Esteban Wilson][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/swilson/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/clone-mac-nm-816x345.jpg
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[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address
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[3]: https://fedoramagazine.org/randomize-mac-address-nm/
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