mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2024-12-26 21:30:55 +08:00
[Translated] 20140828 Setup Thin Provisioning Volumes in Logical Volume Management(LVM)--Part IV.md
This commit is contained in:
GOLinux
parent
03f89e3b90
commit
621789c067
@ -1,214 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Translating by GOLinux!
|
||||
Setup Thin Provisioning Volumes in Logical Volume Management (LVM) – Part IV
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Logical Volume management has great features such as snapshots and Thin Provisioning. Previously in (Part – III) we have seen how to snapshot the logical volume. Here in this article, we will going to see how to setup thin Provisioning volumes in LVM.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Setup Thin Provisioning in LVM
|
||||
|
||||
### What is Thin Provisioning? ###
|
||||
|
||||
Thin Provisioning is used in lvm for creating virtual disks inside a thin pool. Let us assume that I have a **15GB** storage capacity in my server. I already have 2 clients who has 5GB storage each. You are the third client, you asked for 5GB storage. Back then we use to provide the whole 5GB (Thick Volume) but you may use 2GB from that 5GB storage and 3GB will be free which you can fill it up later.
|
||||
|
||||
But what we do in thin Provisioning is, we use to define a thin pool inside one of the large volume group and define the thin volumes inside that thin pool. So, that whatever files you write will be stored and your storage will be shown as 5GB. But the full 5GB will not allocate the entire disk. The same process will be done for other clients as well. Like I said there are 2 clients and you are my 3rd client.
|
||||
|
||||
So, let us assume how much total GB I have assigned for clients? Totally 15GB was already completed, If someone comes to me and ask for 5GB can I give? The answer is “**Yes**“, here in thin Provisioning I can give 5GB for 4th Client even though I have assigned 15GB.
|
||||
|
||||
**Warning**: From 15GB, if we are Provisioning more than 15GB it is called Over Provisioning.
|
||||
|
||||
### How it Works? and How we provide storage to new Clients? ###
|
||||
|
||||
I have provided you 5GB but you may used only 2GB and other 3GB will be free. In Thick Provisioning we can’t do this, because it will allocate the whole space at first itself.
|
||||
|
||||
In thin Provisioning if I’m defining 5GB for you it won’t allocate the whole disk space while defining a volume, it will grow till 5GB according to your data write, Hope you got it! same like you, other clients too won’t use the full volumes so there will be a chance to add 5GB to a new client, This is called over Provisioning.
|
||||
|
||||
But it’s compulsory to monitored each and every volume growth, if not it will end-up in a disaster. While over Provisioning is done if the all 4 clients write the data’s badly to disk you may face an issue because it will fill up your 15GB and overflow to get drop the volumes.
|
||||
|
||||
### Requirements ###
|
||||
|
||||
注：此三篇文章如果发布后可换成发布后链接，原文在前几天更新中
|
||||
|
||||
- [Create Disk Storage with LVM in Linux – PART 1][1]
|
||||
- [How to Extend/Reduce LVM’s in Linux – Part II][2]
|
||||
- [How to Create/Restore Snapshot of Logical Volume in LVM – Part III][3]
|
||||
|
||||
#### My Server Setup ####
|
||||
|
||||
Operating System – CentOS 6.5 with LVM Installation
|
||||
Server IP – 192.168.0.200
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 1: Setup Thin Pool and Volumes ###
|
||||
|
||||
Let’s do it practically how to setup the thin pool and thin volumes. First we need a large size of Volume group. Here I’m creating Volume group with **15GB** for demonstration purpose. Now, list the volume group using the below command.
|
||||
|
||||
# vgcreate -s 32M vg_thin /dev/sdb1
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Listing Volume Group
|
||||
|
||||
Next, check for the size of Logical volume availability, before creating the thin pool and volumes.
|
||||
|
||||
# vgs
|
||||
# lvs
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Check Logical Volume
|
||||
|
||||
We can see there is only default logical volumes for file-system and swap is present in the above lvs output.
|
||||
|
||||
### Creating a Thin Pool ###
|
||||
|
||||
To create a Thin pool for 15GB in volume group (vg_thin) use the following command.
|
||||
|
||||
# lvcreate -L 15G --thinpool tp_tecmint_pool vg_thin
|
||||
|
||||
- **-L** – Size of volume group
|
||||
- **–thinpool** – To o create a thinpool
|
||||
- **tp_tecmint_poolThin** - pool name
|
||||
- **vg_thin** – Volume group name were we need to create the pool
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Create Thin Pool
|
||||
|
||||
To get more detail we can use the command ‘lvdisplay’.
|
||||
|
||||
# lvdisplay vg_thin/tp_tecmint_pool
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Logical Volume Information
|
||||
|
||||
Here we haven’t created Virtual thin volumes in this thin-pool. In the image we can see Allocated pool data showing **0.00%**.
|
||||
|
||||
### Creating Thin Volumes ###
|
||||
|
||||
Now we can define thin volumes inside the thin pool with the help of ‘lvcreate’ command with option -V (Virtual).
|
||||
|
||||
# lvcreate -V 5G --thin -n thin_vol_client1 vg_thin/tp_tecmint_pool
|
||||
|
||||
I have created a Thin virtual volume with the name of **thin_vol_client1** inside the **tp_tecmint_pool** in my **vg_thin** volume group. Now, list the logical volumes using below command.
|
||||
|
||||
# lvs
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
List Logical Volumes
|
||||
|
||||
Just now, we have created the thin volume above, that’s why there is no data showing i.e. **0.00%M**.
|
||||
|
||||
Fine, let me create 2 more Thin volumes for other 2 clients. Here you can see now there are 3 thin volumes created under the pool (**tp_tecmint_pool**). So, from this point, we came to know that I have used all 15GB pool.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Creating File System ###
|
||||
|
||||
Now, create mount points and mount these three thin volumes and copy some files in it using below commands.
|
||||
|
||||
# mkdir -p /mnt/client1 /mnt/client2 /mnt/client3
|
||||
|
||||
List the created directories.
|
||||
|
||||
# ls -l /mnt/
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Creating Mount Points
|
||||
|
||||
Create the file system for these created thin volumes using ‘mkfs’ command.
|
||||
|
||||
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_thin/thin_vol_client1 && mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_thin/thin_vol_client2 && mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_thin/thin_vol_client3
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Create File System
|
||||
|
||||
Mount all three client volumes to the created mount point using ‘mount’ command.
|
||||
|
||||
# mount /dev/vg_thin/thin_vol_client1 /mnt/client1/ && mount /dev/vg_thin/thin_vol_client2 /mnt/client2/ && mount /dev/vg_thin/thin_vol_client3 /mnt/client3/
|
||||
|
||||
List the mount points using ‘df’ command.
|
||||
|
||||
# df -h
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Print Mount Points
|
||||
|
||||
Here, we can see all the 3 clients volumes are mounted and therefore only 3% of data are used in every clients volumes. So, let’s add some more files to all 3 mount points from my desktop to fill up some space.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Add Files To Volumes
|
||||
|
||||
Now list the mount point and see the space used in every thin volumes & list the thin pool to see the size used in pool.
|
||||
|
||||
# df -h
|
||||
# lvdisplay vg_thin/tp_tecmint_pool
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Check Mount Point Size
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Check Thin Pool Size
|
||||
|
||||
The above command shows, the three mount pints along with their sizes in percentage.
|
||||
|
||||
13% of datas used out of 5GB for client1
|
||||
29% of datas used out of 5GB for client2
|
||||
49% of datas used out of 5GB for client3
|
||||
|
||||
While looking into the thin-pool we can see only **30%** of data is written totally. This is the total of above three clients virtual volumes.
|
||||
|
||||
### Over Provisioning ###
|
||||
|
||||
Now the **4th** client came to me and asked for 5GB storage space. Can I give? Because I had already given 15GB Pool to 3 clients. Is it possible to give 5GB more to another client? Yes it is possible to give. This is when we use **Over Provisioning**, which means giving the space more than what I have.
|
||||
|
||||
Let me create 5GB for the 4th Client and verify the size.
|
||||
|
||||
# lvcreate -V 5G --thin -n thin_vol_client4 vg_thin/tp_tecmint_pool
|
||||
# lvs
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Create thin Storage
|
||||
|
||||
I have only 15GB size in pool, but I have created 4 volumes inside thin-pool up-to 20GB. If all four clients start to write data to their volumes to fill up the pace, at that time, we will face critical situation, if not there will no issue.
|
||||
|
||||
Now I have created file system in **thin_vol_client4**, then mounted under **/mnt/client4** and copy some files in it.
|
||||
|
||||
# lvs
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Verify Thin Storage
|
||||
|
||||
We can see in the above picture, that the total used size in newly created client 4 up-to **89.34%** and size of thin pool as **59.19%** used. If all these users are not writing badly to volume it will be free from overflow, drop. To avoid the overflow we need to extend the thin-pool size.
|
||||
|
||||
**Important**: Thin-pools are just a logical volume, so if we need to extend the size of thin-pool we can use the same command like, we’ve used for logical volumes extend, but we can’t reduce the size of thin-pool.
|
||||
|
||||
# lvextend
|
||||
|
||||
Here we can see how to extend the logical thin-pool (**tp_tecmint_pool**).
|
||||
|
||||
# lvextend -L +15G /dev/vg_thin/tp_tecmint_pool
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Extend Thin Storage
|
||||
|
||||
Next, list the thin-pool size.
|
||||
|
||||
# lvs
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Verify Thin Storage
|
||||
|
||||
Earlier our **tp_tecmint_pool** size was 15GB and 4 thin volumes which was over Provision by 20GB. Now it has extended to 30GB so our over Provisioning has been normalized and thin volumes are free from overflow, drop. This way you can add ever more thin volumes to the pool.
|
||||
|
||||
Here, we have seen how to create a thin-pool using a large size of volume group and create thin-volumes inside a thin-pool using Over-Provisioning and extending the pool. In the next article we will see how to setup a lvm Striping.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/setup-thin-provisioning-volumes-in-lvm/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Babin Lonston][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/babinlonston/
|
||||
[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/create-lvm-storage-in-linux/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/extend-and-reduce-lvms-in-linux/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.tecmint.com/take-snapshot-of-logical-volume-and-restore-in-lvm/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
|
||||
在逻辑卷管理中设置精简资源调配卷——第四部分
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
逻辑卷管理有许多特性，比如像快照和精简资源调配。在先前（第三部分中），我们已经介绍了如何为逻辑卷创建快照。在本文中，我们将了解如何在LVM中设置精简资源调配。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在LVM中设置精简资源调配
|
||||
|
||||
### 精简资源调配是什么？ ###
|
||||
精简资源调配用于lvm以在精简池中创建虚拟磁盘。我们假定我服务器上有**15GB**的存储容量，而我已经有2个客户各自占去了5GB存储空间。你是第三个客户，你也请求5GB的存储空间。在以前，我们会提供整个5GB的空间（富卷）。然而，你可能只使用5GB中的2GB，其它3GB以后再去填满它。
|
||||
|
||||
而在精简资源调配中我们所做的是，在其中一个大卷组中定义一个精简池，再在精简池中定义一个精简卷。这样，不管你写入什么文件，它都会保存进去，而你的存储空间看上去就是5GB。然而，这所有5GB空间不会全部铺满整个硬盘。对其它客户也进行同样的操作，就像我说的，那儿已经有两个客户，你是第三个客户。
|
||||
|
||||
那么，让我们想想，我到底为客户分配了总计多少GB的空间呢？所有15GB的空间已经全部分配完了，如果现在有某个人来问我是否能提供5GB空间，我还可以分配给他么？答案是“可以”。在精简资源调配中，我可以为第四位客户分配5GB空间，即使我已经把那15GB的空间分配完了。
|
||||
|
||||
**警告**：从那15GB空间中，如果我们对资源调配超过15GB了，那就是过度资源调配了。
|
||||
|
||||
### 它是怎么工作的？我们又是怎样为客户提供存储空间的？ ###
|
||||
|
||||
我已经提供给你5GB空间，但是你可能只用了2GB，而其它3GB还空闲着。在富资源调配中，我们不能这么做，因为它一开始就分配了整个空间。
|
||||
|
||||
在精简资源调配中，如果我为你定义了5GB空间，它就不会在定义卷时就将整个磁盘空间全部分配，它会根据你的数据写入而增长，希望你看懂了！跟你一样，其它客户也不会使用全部卷，所以还是有机会为一个新客户分配5GB空间的，这称之为过度资源调配。
|
||||
|
||||
但是，必须对各个卷的增长情况进行监控，否则结局会是个灾难。在过度资源调配完成后，如果所有4个客户都极度地写入数据到磁盘，你将碰到问题了。因为这个动作会填满15GB的存储空间，甚至溢出，从而导致这些卷下线。
|
||||
|
||||
### 需求 ###
|
||||
|
||||
注：此三篇文章如果发布后可换成发布后链接，原文在前几天更新中
|
||||
|
||||
- [使用LVM在Linux中创建逻辑卷——第一部分][1]
|
||||
- [在Linux中扩展/缩减LVM——第二部分][2]
|
||||
- [在LVM中创建/恢复逻辑卷快照——第三部分][3]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 我的服务器设置 ####
|
||||
|
||||
操作系统 — 安装有LVM的CentOS 6.5
|
||||
服务器IP — 192.168.0.200
|
||||
|
||||
### 步骤1： 设置精简池和卷 ###
|
||||
|
||||
理论讲太多了，让我们还是来点实际的吧，我们一起来设置精简池和精简卷。首先，我们需要一个大尺寸的卷组。这里，我创建了一个**15GB**的卷组用于演示。现在，用下面的命令来列出卷组。
|
||||
|
||||
# vgcreate -s 32M vg_thin /dev/sdb1
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
列出卷组
|
||||
|
||||
接下来，在创建精简池和精简卷之前，检查逻辑卷有多少空间可用。
|
||||
|
||||
# vgs
|
||||
# lvs
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
检查逻辑卷
|
||||
|
||||
我们可以在上面的lvs命令输出中看到，只显示了一些默认逻辑用于文件系统和交换分区。
|
||||
|
||||
### 创建精简池 ###
|
||||
|
||||
使用以下命令在卷组（vg_thin）中创建一个15GB的精简池。
|
||||
|
||||
# lvcreate -L 15G --thinpool tp_tecmint_pool vg_thin
|
||||
|
||||
- **-L** – 卷组大小
|
||||
- **–thinpool** – 创建精简池
|
||||
- **tp_tecmint_poolThin** - 精简池名称
|
||||
- **vg_thin** – 我们需要创建精简池的卷组名称
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
创建精简池
|
||||
|
||||
使用‘lvdisplay’命令来查看详细信息。
|
||||
|
||||
# lvdisplay vg_thin/tp_tecmint_pool
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
逻辑卷信息
|
||||
|
||||
这里，我们还没有在该精简池中创建虚拟精简卷。在图片中，我们可以看到分配的精简池数据为**0.00%**。
|
||||
|
||||
### 创建精简卷 ###
|
||||
|
||||
现在，我们可以在带有-V（Virtual）选项的‘lvcreate’命令的帮助下，在精简池中定义精简卷了。
|
||||
|
||||
# lvcreate -V 5G --thin -n thin_vol_client1 vg_thin/tp_tecmint_pool
|
||||
|
||||
我已经在我的**vg_thin**卷组中的**tp_tecmint_pool**内创建了一个精简虚拟卷，取名为**thin_vol_client1**。现在，使用下面的命令来列出逻辑卷。
|
||||
|
||||
# lvs
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
列出逻辑卷
|
||||
|
||||
刚才，我们已经在上面创建了精简卷，这就是为什么没有数据，显示为**0.00%M**。
|
||||
|
||||
好吧，让我为其它2个客户再创建2个精简卷。这里，你可以看到在精简池（**tp_tecmint_pool**）下有3个精简卷了。所以，从这一点上看，我们开始明白，我已经使用所有15GB的精简池。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 创建文件系统 ###
|
||||
|
||||
现在，使用下面的命令为这3个精简卷创建挂载点并挂载，然后拷贝一些文件进去。
|
||||
|
||||
# mkdir -p /mnt/client1 /mnt/client2 /mnt/client3
|
||||
|
||||
列出创建的目录。
|
||||
|
||||
# ls -l /mnt/
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
创建挂载点
|
||||
|
||||
使用‘mkfs’命令为这些创建的精简卷创建文件系统。
|
||||
|
||||
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_thin/thin_vol_client1 && mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_thin/thin_vol_client2 && mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_thin/thin_vol_client3
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
创建文件系统
|
||||
|
||||
使用‘mount’命令来挂载所有3个客户卷到创建的挂载点。
|
||||
|
||||
# mount /dev/vg_thin/thin_vol_client1 /mnt/client1/ && mount /dev/vg_thin/thin_vol_client2 /mnt/client2/ && mount /dev/vg_thin/thin_vol_client3 /mnt/client3/
|
||||
|
||||
使用‘df’命令来列出挂载点。
|
||||
|
||||
# df -h
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
打印挂载点
|
||||
|
||||
这里，我们可以看到所有3个客户卷已经挂载了，而每个客户卷只使用了3%的数据空间。那么，让我们从桌面添加一些文件到这3个挂载点，以填充一些空间。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
添加文件到卷
|
||||
|
||||
现在列出挂载点，并查看每个精简卷使用的空间，然后列出精简池来查看池中已使用的大小。
|
||||
|
||||
# df -h
|
||||
# lvdisplay vg_thin/tp_tecmint_pool
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
检查挂载点大小
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
检查精简池大小
|
||||
|
||||
上面的命令显示了3个挂载点及其使用大小百分比。
|
||||
|
||||
13% of datas used out of 5GB for client1
|
||||
29% of datas used out of 5GB for client2
|
||||
49% of datas used out of 5GB for client3
|
||||
|
||||
在查看精简池时，我们看到总共只有**30%**的数据被写入，这是上面3个客户虚拟卷的总使用量。
|
||||
|
||||
### 过度资源调配 ###
|
||||
|
||||
现在，**第四个**客户来申请5GB的存储空间。我能给他吗？因为我已经把15GB的池分配给了3个客户。能不能再给另外一个客户分配5GB的空间呢？可以，这完全可能。在我们使用**过度资源调配**时，就可以实现。过度资源调配可以给我们比我们所拥有的更大的空间。
|
||||
|
||||
让我来为第四位客户创建5GB的空间，然后再验证一下大小吧。
|
||||
|
||||
# lvcreate -V 5G --thin -n thin_vol_client4 vg_thin/tp_tecmint_pool
|
||||
# lvs
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
创建精简存储
|
||||
|
||||
在精简池中，我只有15GB大小的空间，但是我已经在精简池中创建了4个卷，其总量达到了20GB。如果4个客户都开始写入数据到他们的卷，并将空间填满，到那时我们将面对严峻的形势。如果不填满空间，那不会有问题。
|
||||
|
||||
现在，我已经创建在**thin_vol_client4**中创建了文件系统，然后挂载到了**/mnt/client4**下，并且拷贝了一些文件到里头。
|
||||
|
||||
# lvs
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
验证精简存储
|
||||
|
||||
我们可以在上面的图片中看到，新创建的client 4总计使用空间达到了**89.34%**，而精简池的已用空间达到了**59.19**。如果所有这些用户不在过度对卷写入，那么它就不会溢出，下线。要避免溢出，我们需要扩展精简池大小。
|
||||
|
||||
**重要**：精简池只是一个逻辑卷，因此，如果我们需要对其进行扩展，我们可以使用和扩展逻辑卷一样的命令，但我们不能缩减精简池大小。
|
||||
|
||||
# lvextend
|
||||
|
||||
这里，我们可以看到怎样来扩展逻辑精简池（**tp_tecmint_pool**）。
|
||||
|
||||
# lvextend -L +15G /dev/vg_thin/tp_tecmint_pool
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
扩展精简存储
|
||||
|
||||
接下来，列出精简池大小。
|
||||
|
||||
# lvs
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
验证精简存储
|
||||
|
||||
前面，我们的**tp_tecmint_pool**大小为15GB，而在对第四个精简卷进行过度资源配置后达到了20GB。现在，它扩展到了30GB，所以我们的过度资源配置又回归常态，而精简卷也不会溢出，下线了。通过这种方式，我们可以添加更多的精简卷到精简池中。
|
||||
|
||||
在本文中，我们已经了解了怎样来使用一个大尺寸的卷组创建一个精简池，以及怎样通过过度资源配置在精简池中创建精简卷和扩着精简池。在下一篇文章中，我们将介绍怎样来移除逻辑卷。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/setup-thin-provisioning-volumes-in-lvm/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Babin Lonston][a]
|
||||
译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/babinlonston/
|
||||
[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/create-lvm-storage-in-linux/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/extend-and-reduce-lvms-in-linux/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.tecmint.com/take-snapshot-of-logical-volume-and-restore-in-lvm/
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user