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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (liujing97)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: subject: (How To Understand And Identify File types in Linux)
[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-understand-and-identify-file-types-in-linux/)
[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
How To Understand And Identify File types in Linux
======
We all are knows, that everything is a file in Linux which includes Hard Disk, Graphics Card, etc.
When you are navigating the Linux filesystem most of the files are fall under regular files and directories.
But it has other file types as well for different purpose which fall in five categories.
So, it’s very important to understand the file types in Linux that helps you in many ways.
If you can’t believe this, you just gone through the complete article then you come to know how important is.
If you don’t understand the file types you can’t make any changes on that without fear.
If you made the changes wrongly that damage your system very badly so be careful when you are doing that.
Files are very important in Linux because all the devices and daemon’s were stored as a file in Linux system.
### How Many Types of File is Available in Linux?
As per my knowledge, totally 7 types of files are available in Linux with 3 Major categories. The details are below.
* Regular File
* Directory File
* Special Files (This category having five type of files)
* Link File
* Character Device File
* Socket File
* Named Pipe File
* Block File
Refer the below table for better understanding of file types in Linux.
| Symbol | Meaning |
| – | Regular File. It starts with underscore “_”. |
| d | Directory File. It starts with English alphabet letter “d”. |
| l | Link File. It starts with English alphabet letter “l”. |
| c | Character Device File. It starts with English alphabet letter “c”. |
| s | Socket File. It starts with English alphabet letter “s”. |
| p | Named Pipe File. It starts with English alphabet letter “p”. |
| b | Block File. It starts with English alphabet letter “b”. |
### Method-1: Manual Way to Identify File types in Linux
If you are having good knowledge in Linux then you can easily identify the files type with help of above table.
#### How to view the Regular files in Linux?
Use the below command to view the Regular files in Linux. Regular files are available everywhere in Linux filesystem.
The Regular files color is `WHITE`
```
# ls -la | grep ^-
-rw-------. 1 mageshm mageshm 1394 Jan 18 15:59 .bash_history
-rw-r--r--. 1 mageshm mageshm 18 May 11 2012 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--. 1 mageshm mageshm 176 May 11 2012 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r--. 1 mageshm mageshm 124 May 11 2012 .bashrc
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 26 Dec 27 17:55 liks
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 104857600 Jan 31 2006 test100.dat
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 104874307 Dec 30 2012 test100.zip
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11536384 Dec 30 2012 test10.zip
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 61 Dec 27 19:05 test2-bzip2.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 61 Dec 31 14:24 test3-bzip2.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 60 Dec 27 19:01 test-bzip2.txt
```
#### How to view the Directory files in Linux?
Use the below command to view the Directory files in Linux. Directory files are available everywhere in Linux filesystem. The Directory files colour is `BLUE`
```
# ls -la | grep ^d
drwxr-xr-x. 3 mageshm mageshm 4096 Dec 31 14:24 links/
drwxrwxr-x. 2 mageshm mageshm 4096 Nov 16 15:44 perl5/
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mageshm mageshm 4096 Nov 16 15:37 public_ftp/
drwxr-xr-x. 3 mageshm mageshm 4096 Nov 16 15:37 public_html/
```
#### How to view the Link files in Linux?
Use the below command to view the Link files in Linux. Link files are available everywhere in Linux filesystem.
Two type of link files are available, it’s Soft link and Hard link. The Link files color is `LIGHT TURQUOISE`
```
# ls -la | grep ^l
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 31 Dec 7 15:11 s-link-file -> /links/soft-link/test-soft-link
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 38 Dec 7 15:12 s-link-folder -> /links/soft-link/test-soft-link-folder
```
#### How to view the Character Device files in Linux?
Use the below command to view the Character Device files in Linux. Character Device files are available only in specific location.
It’s available under `/dev` directory. The Character Device files color is `YELLOW`
```
# ls -la | grep ^c
crw-------. 1 root root 5, 1 Jan 28 14:05 console
crw-rw----. 1 root root 10, 61 Jan 28 14:05 cpu_dma_latency
crw-rw----. 1 root root 10, 62 Jan 28 14:05 crash
crw-rw----. 1 root root 29, 0 Jan 28 14:05 fb0
crw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 1, 7 Jan 28 14:05 full
crw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 10, 229 Jan 28 14:05 fuse
```
#### How to view the Block files in Linux?
Use the below command to view the Block files in Linux. The Block files are available only in specific location.
It’s available under `/dev` directory. The Block files color is `YELLOW`
```
# ls -la | grep ^b
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 7, 0 Jan 28 14:05 loop0
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 7, 1 Jan 28 14:05 loop1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 7, 2 Jan 28 14:05 loop2
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 7, 3 Jan 28 14:05 loop3
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 7, 4 Jan 28 14:05 loop4
```
#### How to view the Socket files in Linux?
Use the below command to view the Socket files in Linux. The Socket files are available only in specific location.
The Socket files color is `PINK`
```
# ls -la | grep ^s
srw-rw-rw- 1 root root 0 Jan 5 16:36 system_bus_socket
```
#### How to view the Named Pipe files in Linux?
Use the below command to view the Named Pipe files in Linux. The Named Pipe files are available only in specific location. The Named Pipe files color is `YELLOW`
```
# ls -la | grep ^p
prw-------. 1 root root 0 Jan 28 14:06 replication-notify-fifo|
prw-------. 1 root root 0 Jan 28 14:06 stats-mail|
```
### Method-2: How to Identify File types in Linux Using file Command?
The file command allow us to determine various file types in Linux. There are three sets of tests, performed in this order: filesystem tests, magic tests, and language tests to identify file types.
#### How to view the Regular files in Linux Using file Command?
Simple enter the file command on your terminal and followed by Regular file. The file command will read the given file contents and display exactly what kind of file it is.
That’s why we are seeing different results for each Regular files. See the below various results for Regular files.
```
# file 2daygeek_access.log
2daygeek_access.log: ASCII text, with very long lines
# file powertop.html
powertop.html: HTML document, ASCII text, with very long lines
# file 2g-test
2g-test: JSON data
# file powertop.txt
powertop.txt: HTML document, UTF-8 Unicode text, with very long lines
# file 2g-test-05-01-2019.tar.gz
2g-test-05-01-2019.tar.gz: gzip compressed data, last modified: Sat Jan 5 18:22:20 2019, from Unix, original size 450560
```
#### How to view the Directory files in Linux Using file Command?
Simple enter the file command on your terminal and followed by Directory file. See the results below.
```
# file Pictures/
Pictures/: directory
```
#### How to view the Link files in Linux Using file Command?
Simple enter the file command on your terminal and followed by Link file. See the results below.
```
# file log
log: symbolic link to /run/systemd/journal/dev-log
```
#### How to view the Character Device files in Linux Using file Command?
Simple enter the file command on your terminal and followed by Character Device file. See the results below.
```
# file vcsu
vcsu: character special (7/64)
```
#### How to view the Block files in Linux Using file Command?
Simple enter the file command on your terminal and followed by Block file. See the results below.
```
# file sda1
sda1: block special (8/1)
```
#### How to view the Socket files in Linux Using file Command?
Simple enter the file command on your terminal and followed by Socket file. See the results below.
```
# file system_bus_socket
system_bus_socket: socket
```
#### How to view the Named Pipe files in Linux Using file Command?
Simple enter the file command on your terminal and followed by Named Pipe file. See the results below.
```
# file pipe-test
pipe-test: fifo (named pipe)
```
### Method-3: How to Identify File types in Linux Using stat Command?
The stat command allow us to check file types or file system status. This utility giving more information than file command. It shows lot of information about the given file such as Size, Block Size, IO Block Size, Inode Value, Links, File permission, UID, GID, File Access, Modify and Change time details.
#### How to view the Regular files in Linux Using stat Command?
Simple enter the stat command on your terminal and followed by Regular file.
```
# stat 2daygeek_access.log
File: 2daygeek_access.log
Size: 14406929 Blocks: 28144 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: 10301h/66305d Inode: 1727555 Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 1000/ daygeek) Gid: ( 1000/ daygeek)
Access: 2019-01-03 14:05:26.430328867 +0530
Modify: 2019-01-03 14:05:26.460328868 +0530
Change: 2019-01-03 14:05:26.460328868 +0530
Birth: -
```
#### How to view the Directory files in Linux Using stat Command?
Simple enter the stat command on your terminal and followed by Directory file. See the results below.
```
# stat Pictures/
File: Pictures/
Size: 4096 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 directory
Device: 10301h/66305d Inode: 1703982 Links: 3
Access: (0755/drwxr-xr-x) Uid: ( 1000/ daygeek) Gid: ( 1000/ daygeek)
Access: 2018-11-24 03:22:11.090000828 +0530
Modify: 2019-01-05 18:27:01.546958817 +0530
Change: 2019-01-05 18:27:01.546958817 +0530
Birth: -
```
#### How to view the Link files in Linux Using stat Command?
Simple enter the stat command on your terminal and followed by Link file. See the results below.
```
# stat /dev/log
File: /dev/log -> /run/systemd/journal/dev-log
Size: 28 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 symbolic link
Device: 6h/6d Inode: 278 Links: 1
Access: (0777/lrwxrwxrwx) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Access: 2019-01-05 16:36:31.033333447 +0530
Modify: 2019-01-05 16:36:30.766666768 +0530
Change: 2019-01-05 16:36:30.766666768 +0530
Birth: -
```
#### How to view the Character Device files in Linux Using stat Command?
Simple enter the stat command on your terminal and followed by Character Device file. See the results below.
```
# stat /dev/vcsu
File: /dev/vcsu
Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 character special file
Device: 6h/6d Inode: 16 Links: 1 Device type: 7,40
Access: (0660/crw-rw----) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 5/ tty)
Access: 2019-01-05 16:36:31.056666781 +0530
Modify: 2019-01-05 16:36:31.056666781 +0530
Change: 2019-01-05 16:36:31.056666781 +0530
Birth: -
```
#### How to view the Block files in Linux Using stat Command?
Simple enter the stat command on your terminal and followed by Block file. See the results below.
```
# stat /dev/sda1
File: /dev/sda1
Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 block special file
Device: 6h/6d Inode: 250 Links: 1 Device type: 8,1
Access: (0660/brw-rw----) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 994/ disk)
Access: 2019-01-05 16:36:31.596666806 +0530
Modify: 2019-01-05 16:36:31.596666806 +0530
Change: 2019-01-05 16:36:31.596666806 +0530
Birth: -
```
#### How to view the Socket files in Linux Using stat Command?
Simple enter the stat command on your terminal and followed by Socket file. See the results below.
```
# stat /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
File: /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 socket
Device: 15h/21d Inode: 576 Links: 1
Access: (0666/srw-rw-rw-) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Access: 2019-01-05 16:36:31.823333482 +0530
Modify: 2019-01-05 16:36:31.810000149 +0530
Change: 2019-01-05 16:36:31.810000149 +0530
Birth: -
```
#### How to view the Named Pipe files in Linux Using stat Command?
Simple enter the stat command on your terminal and followed by Named Pipe file. See the results below.
```
# stat pipe-test
File: pipe-test
Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 fifo
Device: 10301h/66305d Inode: 1705583 Links: 1
Access: (0644/prw-r--r--) Uid: ( 1000/ daygeek) Gid: ( 1000/ daygeek)
Access: 2019-01-06 02:00:03.040394731 +0530
Modify: 2019-01-06 02:00:03.040394731 +0530
Change: 2019-01-06 02:00:03.040394731 +0530
Birth: -
```
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-understand-and-identify-file-types-in-linux/
作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[liujing97](https://github.com/liujing97)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972

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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (liujing97)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (How To Understand And Identify File types in Linux)
[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-understand-and-identify-file-types-in-linux/)
[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
怎样理解和识别 Linux 中的文件类型
======
众所周知，在 Linux 中一切皆为文件，包括硬盘和显卡等。
在 Linux 中导航时，大部分的文件都普通文件和目录文件。
但是它也有其他的类型，对应 5 类不同的作用。
所以，理解 Linux 中的文件类型在许多方面都是非常重要的。
如果你不相信，那只需要浏览全文，就会发现它有多重要。
如果你不能理解文件类型，就不能够毫无畏惧的做任意的修改。
如果你做了一些错误的修改，以至于毁坏了你的文件系统，那么当你操作的时候请小心一点。
在 Linux 系统中文件是非常重要的，因为所有的设备和守护进程都被存储为文件。
### 在 Linux 中有多少种可用类型？
据我所知，在 Linux 中总共有 7 种可用类型的文件，分为 3 大类。细节如下。
* 普通文件
* 目录文件
* 特殊文件（该类有五个类型的文件）
* 链接文件
* 字符设备文件
* Socket 文件
* 命名管道文件
* 块文件
参考下面的表可以更好地理解 Linux 中的文件类型。
|　符号　　|　意义　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　|
|　–　　　|　普通文件。以下划线 "_" 开头。　　　　　　　|
|　d　　　|　目录文件。以英文字母 "d" 开头。　　　　　|
|　l　　　|　链接文件。以英文字母 "l" 开头。　　　　　　|
|　c　　　|　字符设备文件。以英文字母 "c" 开头。　　　　|
|　s　　　|　Socket 文件。以英文字母 "s" 开头。　　　　　|
|　p　　　|　命名管道文件。以英文字母 "p" 开头。　　　　|
|　b　　　|　块文件。以英文字母 "b" 开头。　　　　　　　|
### 方法１：手动识别 Linux 中的文件类型
如果你很了解 Linux，那么你可以借助上表很容易地识别文件类型。
#### 在 Linux 中如何查看普通文件？
在 Linux 中使用下面的命令去查看普通文件。在 Linux 文件系统中普通文件是随处可用的。
普通文件的颜色是`白色`
```
# ls -la | grep ^-
-rw-------. 1 mageshm mageshm 1394 Jan 18 15:59 .bash_history
-rw-r--r--. 1 mageshm mageshm 18 May 11 2012 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--. 1 mageshm mageshm 176 May 11 2012 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r--. 1 mageshm mageshm 124 May 11 2012 .bashrc
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 26 Dec 27 17:55 liks
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 104857600 Jan 31 2006 test100.dat
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 104874307 Dec 30 2012 test100.zip
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11536384 Dec 30 2012 test10.zip
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 61 Dec 27 19:05 test2-bzip2.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 61 Dec 31 14:24 test3-bzip2.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 60 Dec 27 19:01 test-bzip2.txt
```
#### 在 Linux 中如何查看目录文件？
在 Linux 中使用下面的命令去查看目录文件。在 Linux 文件系统中目录文件是随处可用的。目录文件的颜色是`蓝色`
```
# ls -la | grep ^d
drwxr-xr-x. 3 mageshm mageshm 4096 Dec 31 14:24 links/
drwxrwxr-x. 2 mageshm mageshm 4096 Nov 16 15:44 perl5/
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mageshm mageshm 4096 Nov 16 15:37 public_ftp/
drwxr-xr-x. 3 mageshm mageshm 4096 Nov 16 15:37 public_html/
```
#### 在 Linux 中如何查看链接文件？
在 Linux 中使用下面的命令去查看链接文件。在 Linux 文件系统中链接文件是随处可用的。
链接文件有两种可用类型，软连接和硬链接。链接文件的颜色是`浅绿宝石色`
```
# ls -la | grep ^l
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 31 Dec 7 15:11 s-link-file -> /links/soft-link/test-soft-link
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 38 Dec 7 15:12 s-link-folder -> /links/soft-link/test-soft-link-folder
```
#### 在 Linux 中如何查看字符设备文件？
在 Linux 中使用下面的命令查看字符设备文件。字符设备文件仅在特定位置是可用的。
它在目录 `/dev` 下是可用的。字符设备文件的颜色是`黄色`
```
# ls -la | grep ^c
crw-------. 1 root root 5, 1 Jan 28 14:05 console
crw-rw----. 1 root root 10, 61 Jan 28 14:05 cpu_dma_latency
crw-rw----. 1 root root 10, 62 Jan 28 14:05 crash
crw-rw----. 1 root root 29, 0 Jan 28 14:05 fb0
crw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 1, 7 Jan 28 14:05 full
crw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 10, 229 Jan 28 14:05 fuse
```
#### 在 Linux 中如何查看块文件？
在 Linux 中使用下面的命令查看块文件。块文件仅在特定位置是可用的。
它在目录 `/dev` 中可用。块文件的颜色是`黄色`
```
# ls -la | grep ^b
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 7, 0 Jan 28 14:05 loop0
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 7, 1 Jan 28 14:05 loop1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 7, 2 Jan 28 14:05 loop2
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 7, 3 Jan 28 14:05 loop3
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 7, 4 Jan 28 14:05 loop4
```
#### 在 Linux 中如何查看 Socket 文件？
在 Linux 中使用下面的命令查看 Socket 文件。Socket 文件仅在特定位置是可用的。
Scoket 文件的颜色是`粉色`
```
# ls -la | grep ^s
srw-rw-rw- 1 root root 0 Jan 5 16:36 system_bus_socket
```
#### 在 Linux 中如何查看命名管道文件？
在 Linux 中使用下面的命令查看命名管道文件。命名管道文件仅在特定位置是可用的。命名管道文件的颜色是`黄色`
```
# ls -la | grep ^p
prw-------. 1 root root 0 Jan 28 14:06 replication-notify-fifo|
prw-------. 1 root root 0 Jan 28 14:06 stats-mail|
```
### 方法２：在 Linux 中如何使用 file 命令识别文件类型
在 Linux 中 file 命令允许我们去定义不同的文件类型。这里有三个测试集，按此顺序进行三组测试：文件系统测试，magic 测试和用于识别文件类型的语言测试。
#### 在 Linux 中如何使用 file 命令查看普通文件
在你的终端简单地输入 file 命令，接着输入普通文件。file 命令将会读取提供的文件内容并且准确地显示文件的类型。
这就是我们看到对于每个普通文件有不同结果的原因。参考下面普通文件的不同结果。
```
# file 2daygeek_access.log
2daygeek_access.log: ASCII text, with very long lines
# file powertop.html
powertop.html: HTML document, ASCII text, with very long lines
# file 2g-test
2g-test: JSON data
# file powertop.txt
powertop.txt: HTML document, UTF-8 Unicode text, with very long lines
# file 2g-test-05-01-2019.tar.gz
2g-test-05-01-2019.tar.gz: gzip compressed data, last modified: Sat Jan 5 18:22:20 2019, from Unix, original size 450560
```
#### 在 Linux 中如何使用 file 命令查看目录文件？
在你的终端简单地输入 file 命令，接着输入目录文件。参阅下面的结果。
```
# file Pictures/
Pictures/: directory
```
#### 在 Linux 中如何使用 file 命令查看链接文件？
在你的终端简单地输入 file 命令，接着输入链接文件。参阅下面的结果。
```
# file log
log: symbolic link to /run/systemd/journal/dev-log
```
#### 在 Linux 中如何使用 file 命令查看字符设备文件？
在你的终端简单地输入 file 命令，接着输入字符设备文件。参阅下面的结果。
```
# file vcsu
vcsu: character special (7/64)
```
#### 在 Linux 中如何使用 file 命令查看块文件？
在你的终端简单地输入 file 命令，接着输入块文件。参阅下面的结果。
```
# file sda1
sda1: block special (8/1)
```
#### 在 Linux 中如何使用 file 命令查看 Socket 文件？
在你的终端简单地输入 file 命令，接着输入 Socket 文件。参阅下面的结果。
```
# file system_bus_socket
system_bus_socket: socket
```
#### 在 Linux 中如何使用 file 命令查看命名管道文件？
在你的终端简单地输入 file 命令，接着输入命名管道文件。参阅下面的结果。
```
# file pipe-test
pipe-test: fifo (named pipe)
```
### 方法 3：在 Linux 中如何使用 stat 命令识别文件类型？
stat 命令允许我们去查看文件类型或文件系统状态。该实用程序比 file 命令提供更多的信息。它显示文件的大量信息，例如大小、块大小、IO 块大小、节点值、链接、文件权限、UID, GID, 文件访问、更新和修改的时间详细信息。
#### 在 Linux 中如何使用 stat 命令查看普通文件？
在你的终端简单地输入 stat 命令，接着输入普通文件。参阅下面的结果。
```
# stat 2daygeek_access.log
File: 2daygeek_access.log
Size: 14406929 Blocks: 28144 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: 10301h/66305d Inode: 1727555 Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 1000/ daygeek) Gid: ( 1000/ daygeek)
Access: 2019-01-03 14:05:26.430328867 +0530
Modify: 2019-01-03 14:05:26.460328868 +0530
Change: 2019-01-03 14:05:26.460328868 +0530
Birth: -
```
#### 在 Linux 中如何使用 stat 命令查看目录文件？
在你的终端简单地输入 stat 命令，接着输入目录文件。参阅下面的结果。
```
# stat Pictures/
File: Pictures/
Size: 4096 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 directory
Device: 10301h/66305d Inode: 1703982 Links: 3
Access: (0755/drwxr-xr-x) Uid: ( 1000/ daygeek) Gid: ( 1000/ daygeek)
Access: 2018-11-24 03:22:11.090000828 +0530
Modify: 2019-01-05 18:27:01.546958817 +0530
Change: 2019-01-05 18:27:01.546958817 +0530
Birth: -
```
#### 在 Linux 中如何使用 stat 命令查看链接文件？
在你的终端简单地输入 stat 命令，接着输入链接文件。参阅下面的结果。
```
# stat /dev/log
File: /dev/log -> /run/systemd/journal/dev-log
Size: 28 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 symbolic link
Device: 6h/6d Inode: 278 Links: 1
Access: (0777/lrwxrwxrwx) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Access: 2019-01-05 16:36:31.033333447 +0530
Modify: 2019-01-05 16:36:30.766666768 +0530
Change: 2019-01-05 16:36:30.766666768 +0530
Birth: -
```
#### 在 Linux 中如何使用 stat 命令查看字符设备文件？
在你的终端简单地输入 stat 命令，接着输入字符设备文件。参阅下面的结果。
```
# stat /dev/vcsu
File: /dev/vcsu
Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 character special file
Device: 6h/6d Inode: 16 Links: 1 Device type: 7,40
Access: (0660/crw-rw----) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 5/ tty)
Access: 2019-01-05 16:36:31.056666781 +0530
Modify: 2019-01-05 16:36:31.056666781 +0530
Change: 2019-01-05 16:36:31.056666781 +0530
Birth: -
```
#### 在 Linux 中如何使用 stat 命令查看块文件？
在你的终端简单地输入 stat 命令，接着输入块文件。参阅下面的结果。
```
# stat /dev/sda1
File: /dev/sda1
Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 block special file
Device: 6h/6d Inode: 250 Links: 1 Device type: 8,1
Access: (0660/brw-rw----) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 994/ disk)
Access: 2019-01-05 16:36:31.596666806 +0530
Modify: 2019-01-05 16:36:31.596666806 +0530
Change: 2019-01-05 16:36:31.596666806 +0530
Birth: -
```
#### 在 Linux 中如何使用 stat 命令查看 Socket 文件？
在你的终端简单地输入 stat 命令，接着输入 Socket 文件。参阅下面的结果。
```
# stat /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
File: /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 socket
Device: 15h/21d Inode: 576 Links: 1
Access: (0666/srw-rw-rw-) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Access: 2019-01-05 16:36:31.823333482 +0530
Modify: 2019-01-05 16:36:31.810000149 +0530
Change: 2019-01-05 16:36:31.810000149 +0530
Birth: -
```
#### 在 Linux 中如何使用 stat 命令查看命名管道文件？
在你的终端简单地输入 stat 命令，接着输入命名管道文件。参阅下面的结果。
```
# stat pipe-test
File: pipe-test
Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 fifo
Device: 10301h/66305d Inode: 1705583 Links: 1
Access: (0644/prw-r--r--) Uid: ( 1000/ daygeek) Gid: ( 1000/ daygeek)
Access: 2019-01-06 02:00:03.040394731 +0530
Modify: 2019-01-06 02:00:03.040394731 +0530
Change: 2019-01-06 02:00:03.040394731 +0530
Birth: -
```
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-understand-and-identify-file-types-in-linux/
作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[liujing97](https://github.com/liujing97)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972