diff --git a/translated/tech/20180502 zzupdate - Single Command To Upgrade Ubuntu.md b/translated/tech/20180502 zzupdate - Single Command To Upgrade Ubuntu.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e9ed956d9e --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20180502 zzupdate - Single Command To Upgrade Ubuntu.md @@ -0,0 +1,366 @@ +zzupdate —— 升级 Ubuntu 的简单命令 +====== +Ubuntu 18.04 版本已经发布，并得到各个社区的一致好评，因为 Ubuntu 18.04 可能是 Ubuntu 多年来最令人兴奋的版本。 + +通常情况下，Ubuntu 及其衍生版可以使用命令从一个版本升级到最新版本或者其它版本，这也是官方推荐的升级方式。 + +### Ubuntu 18.04 特性/亮点 + +这次更新包含大量改进和新功能，这里只列举的几个主要的。如果您想要更详细的更新信息，请访问 [Ubuntu 18.04 官方][1] 页面。 + + - 使用 Linux 4.15 内核，提供了从上游继承的新功能 + - 它具有最新版本的 GNOME 3.28 + - 它提供了与 RHEL 相似的最简安装选项，该选项可安装只包含一个 web 浏览器和核心系统程序的基本桌面环境 + - 对于新安装，交换文件将取代默认的交换分区 + - 您可以启用 Livepatch 安装内核更新而无需重新启动 + - 笔记本电脑在使用电池供电时会在无操作 20 分钟后自动待机 + - 不再提供 32 位的 Ubuntu 桌面安装程序映像 + + +**注意：** +1. 不要忘记备份重要数据。如果升级出现问题，我们将重新安装并恢复数据。 +2. 安装所需时间取决于您的网络状况和安装的程序。 + +### zzupdate 是什么？ + +我们可以通过使用 [zzupdate][2] 工具中的单个命令将 Ubuntu PC/Server 从一个版本升级到另一个版本。它是一个免费的开源工具，使用它不需要任何脚本知识，因为它只需要配置文件即可运行。 + +工具中提供两个默认 shell 文件。`setup.sh` 自动安装、更新代码，将脚本转换为一个简单的 zzupdate shell 命令。`zzupdate.sh` 将执行版本间的升级。 + +### 如何安装 zzipdate？ + +要安装 zzupdate，只需执行以下命令。 +``` +$ curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/TurboLabIt/zzupdate/master/setup.sh | sudo sh +. +. +Installing... +------------- +Cloning into 'zzupdate'... +remote: Counting objects: 57, done. +remote: Total 57 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 57 +Unpacking objects: 100% (57/57), done. +Checking connectivity... done. +Already up-to-date. + +Setup completed! +---------------- +See https://github.com/TurboLabIt/zzupdate for the quickstart guide. + +``` + +将 Ubuntu 系统从一个版本升级到另一个版本，您不需要输入很多命令，也不需要重新启动，只需要运行下面的 zzupdate 命令并坐下喝杯咖啡就可以了。 + +请注意，当您远程升级系统时，建议您使用以下的工具来帮助您在任何断开连接时重新连接会话。 + +**建议阅读：** [如何让一个进程/命令在 SSH 连接断开后继续运行][3] + +### 如何配置 zzupdate（可选） + +默认情况下，zzupdate 可以直接使用，不需要配置任何东西。当然，如果您想要自己配置一些内容，可以的。复制提供的实例配置文件 `zzupdate.default.conf` 到 `zzupdate.conf` 并在 `zzupdate.conf` 中配置您的首选项。 +``` +$ sudo cp /usr/local/turbolab.it/zzupdate/zzupdate.default.conf /etc/turbolab.it/zzupdate.conf + +``` + +打开文件，默认配置如下。 +``` +$ sudo nano /etc/turbolab.it/zzupdate.conf + +REBOOT=1 +REBOOT_TIMEOUT=15 +VERSION_UPGRADE=1 +VERSION_UPGRADE_SILENT=0 +COMPOSER_UPGRADE=1 +SWITCH_PROMPT_TO_NORMAL=0 + +``` + + * **`REBOOT=1 :`**系统在更新完成后自动重启 + * **`REBOOT_TIMEOUT=15 :`**重启的默认超时值 + * **`VERSION_UPGRADE=1 :`**执行从一个版本到另一个版本的版本升级 + * **`VERSION_UPGRADE_SILENT=0 :`**禁用自动升级 + * **`COMPOSER_UPGRADE=1 :`**自动升级 + * **`SWITCH_PROMPT_TO_NORMAL=0 :`**如果值为 `0`，将寻找相同种类的版本升级。例如您正在运行 LTS 的版本，那么将寻找 LTS 的版本升级，而不是用于正常版本升级。如果值为 `1`，那么无论您是运行 LTS 还是正常版本，都会查找最新版本 + + + +我现在使用 Ubuntu 17.10 并查看详细信息。 +``` +$ cat /etc/*-release +DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu +DISTRIB_RELEASE=17.10 +DISTRIB_CODENAME=artful +DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 17.10" +NAME="Ubuntu" +VERSION="17.10 (Artful Aardvark)" +ID=ubuntu +ID_LIKE=debian +PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 17.10" +VERSION_ID="17.10" +HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/" +SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/" +BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/" +PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy" +VERSION_CODENAME=artful +UBUNTU_CODENAME=artful + +``` + +要升级 Ubuntu 到最新版本，只需要执行以下命令。 +``` +$ sudo zzupdate + +O===========================================================O + zzupdate - Wed May 2 17:31:16 IST 2018 +O===========================================================O + +Self-update and update of other zzScript +---------------------------------------- +. +. +0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. + +Updating... +---------- +Already up-to-date. + +Setup completed! +---------------- +See https://github.com/TurboLabIt/zzupdate for the quickstart guide. + +Channel switching is disabled: using pre-existing setting +--------------------------------------------------------- + +Cleanup local cache +------------------- + +Update available packages informations +-------------------------------------- +Hit:1 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu artful InRelease +Ign:2 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease +Hit:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-security InRelease +Hit:4 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful InRelease +Hit:5 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable Release +Hit:6 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-updates InRelease +Hit:7 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-backports InRelease +Hit:9 http://ppa.launchpad.net/notepadqq-team/notepadqq/ubuntu artful InRelease +Hit:10 http://ppa.launchpad.net/papirus/papirus/ubuntu artful InRelease +Hit:11 http://ppa.launchpad.net/twodopeshaggy/jarun/ubuntu artful InRelease +. +. +UPGRADE PACKAGES +---------------- +Reading package lists... +Building dependency tree... +Reading state information... +Calculating upgrade... +The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: +. +. +Interactively upgrade to a new release, if any +---------------------------------------------- + +Reading cache + +Checking package manager +Reading package lists... Done +Building dependency tree +Reading state information... Done +Ign http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease +Hit https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu artful InRelease +Hit http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-security InRelease +Hit http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable Release +Hit http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful InRelease +Hit http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-updates InRelease +Hit http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-backports InRelease +Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/notepadqq-team/notepadqq/ubuntu artful InRelease +Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/papirus/papirus/ubuntu artful InRelease +Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/twodopeshaggy/jarun/ubuntu artful InRelease +Fetched 0 B in 6s (0 B/s) +Reading package lists... Done +Building dependency tree +Reading state information... Done + +``` + +我们需要按下 `Enter` 按钮禁用 `Third Party` 仓库以继续升级。 +``` +Updating repository information + +Third party sources disabled + +Some third party entries in your sources.list were disabled. You can +re-enable them after the upgrade with the 'software-properties' tool +or your package manager. + +To continue please press [ENTER] +. +. +Get:35 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe i386 Packages [2,180 B] +Get:36 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe Translation-en [1,644 B] +Fetched 38.2 MB in 6s (1,276 kB/s) + +Checking package manager +Reading package lists... Done +Building dependency tree +Reading state information... Done + +Calculating the changes + +Calculating the changes + +``` + +开始下载 `Ubuntu 18.04 LTS` 软件包，所需时间取决于您的网络状况，一般情况下这将需要几分钟。 +``` +Do you want to start the upgrade? + + +63 installed packages are no longer supported by Canonical. You can +still get support from the community. + +4 packages are going to be removed. 175 new packages are going to be +installed. 1307 packages are going to be upgraded. + +You have to download a total of 999 M. This download will take about +12 minutes with your connection. + +Installing the upgrade can take several hours. Once the download has +finished, the process cannot be canceled. + +Continue [yN] Details [d]y +Fetching +Get:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 base-files amd64 10.1ubuntu2 [58.2 kB] +Get:2 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 debianutils amd64 4.8.4 [85.7 kB] +Get:3 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 bash amd64 4.4.18-2ubuntu1 [614 kB] +Get:4 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 locales all 2.27-3ubuntu1 [3,612 kB] +. +. +Get:1477 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 liblouisutdml-bin amd64 2.7.0-1 [9,588 B] +Get:1478 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 libtbb2 amd64 2017~U7-8 [110 kB] +Get:1479 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libyajl2 amd64 2.1.0-2build1 [20.0 kB] +Get:1480 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 usb-modeswitch amd64 2.5.2+repack0-2ubuntu1 [53.6 kB] +Get:1481 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 usb-modeswitch-data all 20170806-2 [30.7 kB] +Get:1482 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 xbrlapi amd64 5.5-4ubuntu2 [61.8 kB] +Fetched 999 MB in 6s (721 kB/s) + +``` + +安装新软件包时，很少有服务需要重新启动。 点击 `Yes` 按钮，它会自动重启所需的服务。 +``` +Upgrading +Inhibiting until Ctrl+C is pressed... +Preconfiguring packages ... +Preconfiguring packages ... +Preconfiguring packages ... +Preconfiguring packages ... +(Reading database ... 441375 files and directories currently installed.) +Preparing to unpack .../base-files_10.1ubuntu2_amd64.deb ... +Warning: Stopping motd-news.service, but it can still be activated by: + motd-news.timer +Unpacking base-files (10.1ubuntu2) over (9.6ubuntu102) ... +Setting up base-files (10.1ubuntu2) ... +Installing new version of config file /etc/debian_version ... +Installing new version of config file /etc/issue ... +Installing new version of config file /etc/issue.net ... +Installing new version of config file /etc/lsb-release ... +motd-news.service is a disabled or a static unit, not starting it. +(Reading database ... 441376 files and directories currently installed.) +. +. +Progress: [ 80%] + +Progress: [ 85%] + +Progress: [ 90%] + +Progress: [ 95%] + +``` + +现在删除旧版的、系统不再需要的包。点击 `y` 以删除。 +``` +Searching for obsolete software + ing package lists... 97% + ding package lists... 98% +Reading package lists... Done +Building dependency tree +Reading state information... Done +Reading state information... 23% +Reading state information... 47% +Reading state information... 71% +Reading state information... 94% +Reading state information... Done + +Remove obsolete packages? + + +88 packages are going to be removed. + +Continue [yN] Details [d]y +. +. +. +done +Removing perlmagick (8:6.9.7.4+dfsg-16ubuntu6) ... +Removing snapd-login-service (1.23-0ubuntu1) ... +Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ... +Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2) ... +Processing triggers for dbus (1.12.2-1ubuntu1) ... +Fetched 0 B in 0s (0 B/s) + +``` + +升级成功，需要重启系统。点击 `Y` 以重启系统。 +``` +System upgrade is complete. + +Restart required + +To finish the upgrade, a restart is required. +If you select 'y' the system will be restarted. + +Continue [yN]y + +``` + +**注意：** 少数情况下，会要求您确认配置文件替换以继续安装。 + +查看升级后的系统详情。 +``` +$ cat /etc/*-release +DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu +DISTRIB_RELEASE=18.04 +DISTRIB_CODENAME=bionic +DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 18.04 LTS" +NAME="Ubuntu" +VERSION="18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver)" +ID=ubuntu +ID_LIKE=debian +PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 18.04 LTS" +VERSION_ID="18.04" +HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/" +SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/" +BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/" +PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy" +VERSION_CODENAME=bionic +UBUNTU_CODENAME=bionic + +``` + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.2daygeek.com/zzupdate-single-command-to-upgrade-ubuntu-18-04/ + +作者：[PRAKASH SUBRAMANIAN][a] +选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) +译者：[XiatianSummer](https://github.com/XiatianSummer) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:https://www.2daygeek.com/author/prakash/ +[1]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BionicBeaver/ReleaseNotes +[2]:https://github.com/TurboLabIt/zzupdate +[3]:https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-keep-a-process-command-running-after-disconnecting-ssh-session/