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[Translated]20140801 What are better alternatives to basic command line utilities.md
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wangjiezhe translating
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What are better alternatives to basic command line utilities
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The command line can be scary especially at the beginning. You might even experience some command-line-induced nightmare. Over time, however, we all realize that the command line is actually not that scary, but extremely useful. In fact, the lack of shell is what gives me an ulcer every time I have to use Windows. The reason for the change in perception is that the command line tools are actually smart. The basic utilities, what you are given to work with on any Linux terminal, are very powerful. But very powerful is never enough. If you want to make your command line experience even more pleasant, here are a few applications that you can download to replace the default ones, and will provide you with far more features than the originals.
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### dfc ###
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As an LVM user, I really like to keep an eye on my hard drive memory usage. I also never really understood why in Windows we have to open the file explorer to know this basic information. Hopefully on Linux, we can use the command.
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$ df -h
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which gives you the size, usage, free space, ratio, and mount point of every volume on your computer. Notice that you have to pass in the "-h" argument to get all the data in human readable format (gigabytes instead of kilobytes). But you can replace completely df with [dfc][1], which can, without any additional arguments, get you everything that df showed, and throw in a usage graph for each device, and a color code, which makes it a lot easier to read.
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As a bonus, you can sort the volumes using the argument "-q", define the units that you want to see with "-u", and even export to csv or html format with "-e"
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### dog ###
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Dog is better than cat. At least that is what this program declares. You have to give it credit for once. Everything that the cat command does, [dog][2] does it better. Beyond just outputting some text stream to the console, dog is capable of filtering that stream. You can for example find all images in a web page by using the syntax:
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$ dog --images [URL]
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Or all the links with:
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dog --links [URL]
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Besides, dog commands can also do other smaller tasks, like convert to upper or lower case, use different encoding, display the line numbers, and deal with hexadecimal. In short, dog is a must-have to replace cat.
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### advcp ###
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One of the most basic command in Linux is the copy command: cp. It is probably as basic as cd. Yet it cruelly lacks feedback. You can enable the verbose mode to see which files are being copied in real time, but if one of the files is very big, you will be left waiting in front of your screen with no idea of what is really happening behind the scenes. An easy way to fix that is to add a progress bar: what advcp (short for advanced cp) does! Available as a [patched version][3] of the [GNU coreutils][4], advcopy provides you with the acp and amv commands, which are "advanced" versions of cp and mv. Use the syntax:
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$ acp -g [file] [copy]
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to copy a file to another location, and display a progress bar.
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I also advise using an alias in your .barshrc or .zshrc
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alias cp="acp -g"
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alias mv="amv -g"
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### The Silver Searcher ###
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Behind this atypical name, [the silver searcher][5] is a utility designed as a replacement for grep and [ack][6]. Intended to be faster than ack, and capable of ignoring files unlike grep, the silver searcher scrolls through your text file looking for the piece that you want. Among other features, it can spit out a colored output, follow symlink, use regular expressions, and even ignore some patterns.
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The developers' website provides us with some benchmark statistic on the search speed which, if they are still true, are quite impressive. And cherry on the cake: you can include the utility in Vim in order to call it with a simple shortcut. In two words, smart and fast.
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### plowshare ###
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All fans of the command line like to use wget or one of its alternatives to download things from the internet. But if you use a lot of file sharing websites, like mediafire or rapidshare, you will be glad to know that there is an equivalent to wget dedicated to those websites, which is called [plowshare][7]. Once you install it, you can download files with:
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$ plowdown [URL]
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or upload them with:
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$ plowup [website name] [file]
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given that you have an account for that file sharing website.
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Finally, it is possible to gather information, such as a list of links contained in a shared folder with:
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$ plowlist [URL]
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or the filename, size, hash, etc, with:
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$ plowprobe [URL]
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plowshare is also a good alternative to the slow and excruciating jDownloader for those of you who are familiar with these services.
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### htop ###
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If you use top command regularly, chances are you will love [htop][8] command. Both top and htop offer a real-time view of running processes, but htop boasts of a number of user-friendly features lacking in top command. For example, with htop, you can scroll process list vertically or horizontally to see full command lines of every process, and can do basic process management (e.g., kill, (re)nice) using mouse clicks and arrow keys (without entering numeric PIDs).
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To conclude, these kinds of tools, which efficiently replace basic command line utilities, are like little pearl of usefulness. They are not always easy to find, but once you've got one, you always wonder how you survived for so long without it. If you know any other utility fitting this description, please share in the comments.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/07/better-alternatives-basic-command-line-utilities.html
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作者：[Adrien Brochard][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/adrien
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[1]:http://projects.gw-computing.net/projects/dfc
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[2]:http://archive.debian.org/debian/pool/main/d/dog/
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[3]:http://zwicke.org/web/advcopy/
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[4]:http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/
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[5]:https://github.com/ggreer/the_silver_searcher
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[6]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/01/search-text-files-patterns-efficiently.html
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[7]:https://code.google.com/p/plowshare/
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[8]:http://hisham.hm/htop/
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基本的命令行工具有哪些更好的替代品
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命令行听起来有时候会很吓人, 特别是在刚刚接触的时候. 你甚至可能做过有关命令行的噩梦. 然而渐渐地, 我们都意识到命令行实际上并不是那么吓人, 反而是非常有用. 实际上, 没有命令行正是每次我使用 Windows 时让我感到崩溃的地方. 这种感觉上的变化是因为命令行工具实际上是很智能的. 你在任何一个 Linux 终端上所使用的基本工具功能都是很强大的, 但还远说不上是足够强大. 如果你想使你的命令行生涯更加愉悦, 这里有几个程序你可以下载下来替换原来的默认程序, 它还可以给你提供比原始程序更多的功能给你提供比原始程序更多的功能.
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### dfc ###
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作为一个 LVM 使用者, 我非常喜欢随时查看我的硬盘存储器的使用情况. 我也从来没法真正理解为什么在 Windows 上我们得打开资源管理器来查看电脑的基本信息. 在 Linux 上, 我们可以使用如下命令:
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$ df -h
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该命令可显示电脑上每一分卷的大小, 已使用空间, 可用空间, 已使用空间百分比和挂载点. 注意, 我们必须使用 "-h" 选项使得所有数据以可读形式显示(使用 GiB 而不是 KiB). 但你可以使用 [dfc][1] 来完全替代 df, 它不需要任何额外的选项就可以得到 df 命令所显示的内容, 并且会为每个设备绘制彩色的使用情况图, 因此可读性会更强.
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另外, 你可以使用 "-q" 选项将各分卷排序, 使用 "-u" 选项规定你希望使用的单位, 甚至可以使用 "-e" 选项来获得 csv 或者 html 格式的输出.
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### dog ###
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Dog 比 cat 好, 至少这个程序自己是这么宣称的, 你应该相信它一次. 所有 cat 命令能做的事, [dog][2] 都做的更好. 除了仅仅能在控制台上显示一些文本流之外, dog 还可以对其进行过滤. 例如, 你可以使用如下语法来获得网页上的所有图片:
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$ dog --images [URL]
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或者是所有链接:
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dog --links [URL]
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另外, dog 命令还可以处理一些其他的小任务, 比如全部转换为大写或小写, 使用不同的编码, 显示行号和处理十六进制文件. 总之, dog 是 cat 的必备替代品.
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### advcp ###
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一个 Linux 中最基本的命令就是复制命令: cp. 它几乎和 cd 命令地位相同. 然而, 它的输出非常少. 你可以使用 verbose 模式来实时查看正在被复制的文件, 但如果一个文件非常大的话, 你看着屏幕等待却完全不知道后台在干什么. 一个简单的解决方法是加上一个进度条: 这正是 advcp (advanced cp 的缩写) 所做的! advcp 是 [GNU coreutils][4] 的一个 [补丁版本][3], 它提供了 acp 和 amv 命令, 即"高级"的 cp 和 mv 命令. 使用语法如下:
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$ acp -g [file] [copy]
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它把文件复制到另一个位置, 并显示一个进度条.
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我还建议在 .bashrc 或 .zshrc 中设置如下命令别名:
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alias cp="acp -g"
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alias mv="amv -g"
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(译者注: 原文给出的链接已貌似失效, 我写了一个可用的安装脚本放在了我的 [gist](https://gist.github.com/b978fc93b62e75bfad9c) 上, 用的是 AUR 里的 [patch](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/advcp))
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### The Silver Searcher ###
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[the silver searcher][5] 这个名字听起来很不寻常(银搜索...), 它是一款设计用来替代 grep 和 [ack][6] 的工具. The silver searcher 在文件中搜索你想要的部分, 它比 ack 要快, 而且能够忽略一些文件而不像 grep 那样.(译者注: 原文的意思貌似是 grep 无法忽略一些文件, 但 grep 有类似选项) the silver searcher 还有一些其他的功能, 比如彩色输出, 跟随软连接, 使用正则式, 甚至是忽略某些模式.
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作者在开发者主页上提供了一些搜索速度的统计数字, 如果它们仍然是真的的话, 那是非常可观的. 另外, 你可以把它整合到 Vim 中, 用一个简洁的命令来调用它. 如果要用两个词来概括它, 那就是: 智能, 快速.
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### plowshare ###
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所有命令行的粉丝都喜欢使用 wget 或其他对应的替代品来从互联网上下载东西. 但如果你使用许多文件分享网站, 像 mediafire 或者 rapidshare, 你一定很乐意了解一款专门为这些网站设计的对应的程序, 叫做 [plowshare][7]. 安装成功之后, 你可以使用如下命令来下载文件:
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$ plowdown [URL]
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或者是上传文件:
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$ plowup [website name] [file]
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如果你有那个文件分享网招的账号的话.
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最后, 你可以获取分享文件夹中的一系列文件的链接:
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$ plowlist [URL]
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或者是文件名, 大小, 哈希值等等:
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$ plowprobe [URL]
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对于那些熟悉这些服务的人来说, plowshare 还是缓慢而令人难以忍受的 jDownloader 的一个很好的替代品.
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### htop ###
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如果你经常使用 top 命令, 很有可能你会喜欢 [htop][8] 命令. top 和 htop 命令都能对正在运行的进程提供了实时查看功能, 但 htop 还拥有一系列 top 命令所没有的人性化功能. 比如, 在 htop 中, 你可以水平或垂直滚动进程列表来查看每个进程的完整命令名, 还可以使用鼠标点击和方向键来进行一些基本的进程操作(比如 kill, (re)nice 等), 而不用输入进程标识符.
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总的来说, 这些十分有效的基本命令行的替代工具就像那些有用的小珍珠一样, 它们并不是那么容易被发现, 但一旦你找到一个, 你就会惊讶你是如何忍受这么长没有它的时间. 如果你还知道其他的与上面描述相符的工具, 请在评论中分享给我们.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/07/better-alternatives-basic-command-line-utilities.html
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作者：[Adrien Brochard][a]
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译者：[wangjiezhe](https://github.com/wangjiezhe)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/adrien
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[1]:http://projects.gw-computing.net/projects/dfc
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[2]:http://archive.debian.org/debian/pool/main/d/dog/
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[3]:http://zwicke.org/web/advcopy/
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[4]:http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/
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[5]:https://github.com/ggreer/the_silver_searcher
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[6]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/01/search-text-files-patterns-efficiently.html
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[7]:https://code.google.com/p/plowshare/
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[8]:http://hisham.hm/htop/
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